PURPOSE:Effects of IDDM on bone mineral metabolism are still in controversy. Some reported that bone mineral density in IDDM had inverse relationship with HbA1c, some reported that spine BMD was normal while femur BMD was decreased. Others reported that increased urinary calcium excretion in IDDM induced early trabecular bone mineral loss. We studied the correlation of BMD with diabetic control and body measurements. METHODS:In sixteen IDDM patients, using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, BMD was measured in lumbar spine as trabecular bone and femur neck as cortical bone. Z-score of BMD was obtained by comparing age and sex matched control data. Correlations between BMD and diabetic control parameters (HbA1c, duration of IDDM) and body measurements were calculated. RESULTS:The body measurements were in normal range in all IDDM patients, the duration of IDDM was 38.4+/-24.0months, HbA1c was in good control state (7.69+/-1.53%), and urinary Ca/creatinine ratio was not increased. The Z-score of BMD was not decreased statistically (lumbar spine: -0.255, femur neck: -0.404), and the Z-score had no correlationship with body measurements and diabetic control parameters. CONCLUSIONS:In well controlled childhood IDDM, BMD was not decreased significantly.
Absorptiometry, Photon ; Bone Density* ; Calcium ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1* ; Femur ; Femur Neck ; Humans ; Metabolism ; Reference Values ; Spine

This study was designed to validate the usefulness of the near point of convergence(NPC)test in determination of dominant & non-domnant eyes in intermittent exotropia patients. We performed NPC test in 36 intermittent exotrpic patients, and then, determined the non-dominant eye which deviated outward beyond the NPC. The dominant eyes determined by the NPC were compared to those that were determined by amblyopia, sensory fusion and photophobia. Best corrected visual acuity was used to divide patients into two groups : 26 patients without amblyopia, and 10 with amblyopia. Among the amblyopia group, if the eyes with better visual acuity were taken as dominant eyes, then eight(80%)cases were identical with the NPC test and two(20%)cases were different. Ten patients had sensory anomaly, and among then, nine(90%)cases were identical with the NPC test and one(10%)case was different. Twenty six(64%)patients had photophobia in one eye and all(100%)cases were identical with the NPC test. In intermittent exotropia, determination of dominant eye by the NPC test showed high coincidence with other tests. Therefore, we suggest that the NPC test is an easy and accurate method in determining either the dominant or non-dominant eye for surgery.
Amblyopia ; Dominance, Ocular* ; Exotropia* ; Humans ; Photophobia ; Visual Acuity

No abstract available.
Sternotomy*

There is a great difference of opinion regarding the treatment of intraarticular fractures of the calcaneus. Many authors suggested that there are essentially four basic methods of treatment, but the choice of treatment depends on the surgeons preference, the type of fracture, and the age of the patient. We obtained the following results in 11 cases of calcaneal fractures involving subtalar joint which were treated by axial fixation at our hospital from 1977 to 1981. 1. The favourable results were obtained in 5 cases of 6 feet of tongue type fractures and in 3 cases of 5 feet of joint depression fractures. 2. Even if the joint depression type fracture which is not severely comminuted, the treatment with axial fixation is thought to be good method. 3. Axial fixation must be tried in three faces of reduction which are reestablishment of Bohler angle and subtalar joint and reduction of lateral bulging of calcaneus. The results were more excellent in which reduction is achieved near anatomical position.
Calcaneus ; Clinical Study ; Depression ; Foot ; Humans ; Intra-Articular Fractures ; Joints ; Methods ; Subtalar Joint ; Surgeons ; Tongue

No abstract available.
Intra-Articular Fractures* ; Tibia*

We reviewed 90 cases of popliteal cyst in 88 patients, managed at Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Severance Hospital from January 1976 to June 1985 and the following results were obtained. 1. The average age of the 88 patients was 42 years. There were 23 males and 65 females. Of the all patients, 47 were occured in right side and 39 the left. Two patients were both sides. 2. Of the all cysts, 62 were found to be bursa between the semimembranosus and the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscles(68.8%). 3. Associated adnormalities of the knee joint were apparent in 29(33%) and the most common abnormalities were osteoarthritis. 3. Associated adnormalities of the knee joint were apparent in 29(33%) and the most common abnormalities were osteoarthritis. 4. Communication of the cyst with the joint was apparent in 44 cases(49%). 5. Twelve patients were recurred and associated abnormality of the knee joint was osteoarthritis. Three patients were children and they had no abnormality of the knee joint. 6. Recurrence after primary operation was rare when the stalk of the cyst had been opened.
Child ; Clinical Study ; Female ; Head ; Humans ; Joints ; Knee Joint ; Male ; Orthopedics ; Osteoarthritis ; Popliteal Cyst ; Recurrence

We present a review of 131 cases in which blood was retrieved and reinfused using Constavac Blood Conservation blood retrieval and reinfusion device postoperatively. The total number of cases in this study included 84 THA, 19 Rev. THA, 16 unilateral TKA and 12 bilateral TKA. The examinations of hemoglobin, hematocrit, antithrombin III, fibrinogen and D-dimer were initiated prospectively before surgery in each case. These parameters were also examined at postoperative day 1 and at day 7 for the evaluation of safety of Constavace Blood Conservation system. The aerobic and anaerobic bacterial culture tests of draining blood were also taken. The results were as follows: 1. The amount of total blood lost averaged 1264±466cc in THA, 2187±632cc in Rev. THA, 1651±543cc in unilateral TKA and 3445±1532cc in bilateral TKA. 2. The amount of blood retrieved and transfused averaged 499±227cc(39% of total lost blood) in THA, 578±527cc(26%) in Rev. THA. 953±451cc(58%) in unilateral TKA and 2219±1191cc(64%) in bilateral TKA. The amount of reinfusion averaged 71% of blood retrieved in THA, 62% in Rev. THA, 80% in unilateral TKA and 84% in bilateral TKA. 3. Fifty one cases out of 84 cases in THA and 14 case out of 28 cases in TKA underwent operation without homologous blood replacement. In the remaining cases, transfused banked blood averaged 364cc(29% of total lost blood) in THA, 620cc(27%) in Rev. THA, 485cc(29%) in unilateral TKA and 914cc(26%) in bilateral TKA. 4. There were no significant change in hemoglobin and hematocrit at postoperative day 7 compared with the preoperative state. 5. The antithrombin III, fibrinogen and D-dimer were converted to normal range at postoperative day 7. 6. The aerobic and anaerobic bacterial culture tests of reinfusing blood proved to be negative in all cases.
Antithrombin III ; Arthroplasty ; Blood Transfusion, Autologous ; Fibrinogen ; Hematocrit ; Joints ; Prospective Studies ; Reference Values

Clinical observation was made on the injuries of genitourinary tract of in patient under 15 year in the department of urology, Hart Yang University Hospital during the period from May, 1972 to April, 1983. The results were as follows: 1. Of 3140 cases hospitalized, 30 cases were injury of genitourinary tract in children giving ratio of 0.96%. 2. The favorable age was from 7 to 9years for 40%. The sex ratio, male to female, was 4:1.3. Traffic. accident was the most frequent cause of injury (53.3%) and the ,next was fall-down (43.3%), especially 8 cases of fall-down were from playing. 4. The kidney was involved most frequently in 35.1% (8 cases were fight side) and urethra was next in 32.4%,external genitalia 21,6% bladder in 10.8%. 5. The fracture was the most frequent associated injury (71.4%) and it's sites of fracture were pelvis, femur, ribs, and etc. 6. Treatment of the renal injury was performed as conservative treatment frequently (66.7%) and 5 cases were undergone nephrectomy. Posterior urethra was involved more commonly and. preferable treatment was primary realignment with interlocking sound.
Child ; Female ; Femur ; Genitalia ; Humans ; Kidney ; Male ; Nephrectomy ; Pelvis ; Ribs ; Sex Ratio ; Urethra ; Urinary Bladder ; Urology

Clinical observation was made on the injuries of genitourinary tract of in patient under 15 year in the department of urology, Hart Yang University Hospital during the period from May, 1972 to April, 1983. The results were as follows: 1. Of 3140 cases hospitalized, 30 cases were injury of genitourinary tract in children giving ratio of 0.96%. 2. The favorable age was from 7 to 9years for 40%. The sex ratio, male to female, was 4:1.3. Traffic. accident was the most frequent cause of injury (53.3%) and the ,next was fall-down (43.3%), especially 8 cases of fall-down were from playing. 4. The kidney was involved most frequently in 35.1% (8 cases were fight side) and urethra was next in 32.4%,external genitalia 21,6% bladder in 10.8%. 5. The fracture was the most frequent associated injury (71.4%) and it's sites of fracture were pelvis, femur, ribs, and etc. 6. Treatment of the renal injury was performed as conservative treatment frequently (66.7%) and 5 cases were undergone nephrectomy. Posterior urethra was involved more commonly and. preferable treatment was primary realignment with interlocking sound.
Child ; Female ; Femur ; Genitalia ; Humans ; Kidney ; Male ; Nephrectomy ; Pelvis ; Ribs ; Sex Ratio ; Urethra ; Urinary Bladder ; Urology

Severely comminuted tibial condylar fracture is a major threat to the structures and function of the knee joint. Recently, anterior approach with Z-tenotomy of the patellar tendon was introduced for these complicated fractures. It provides wide exposure of the tibial articular surface for maximum joint reconstruction. The purpose of this study was to describe the operative technique and to evaluate the clinical results of this method. We had performed operative treatment in 13 cases (12 patients) of severely comminuted Schatzkers type II, V, and VI tibial condylar fractures through anterior approach from December 1993 to April 1996. Twelve cases out of 13 (92%) showed acceptable results according to Blokkers criteria. There was no superficial or deep infection. On the basis of these results, we suggest that the anterior approach is a valuable aid in the operative treatment of severely comminuted tibial condylar fractures.
Joints ; Knee Joint ; Patella* ; Patellar Ligament* ; Tenotomy* ; Tibia