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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In rhinoplasty, it is essential to take photographs in order to make preoperative plans and postoperative evaluations. However, for Asians, standardized rules or important photographic points in taking pictures in rhinoplasty have not yet been established. The purpose of this study was to standardize photography in rhinoplasty. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using a 35 mm single lens reflex camera with 105 mm macro lens, the authors took pitures of various postures, such as close-up frontals, close-up profiles, chin on chest views, as well as conventional postures such as frontal, profile, oblique, and basal. The Frankfort plane was utilized for all frontal and lateral views. The plane was kept horizontal and centered for all photographs. The vertical axis may be checked by aligning it with the midsaggital plane on the frontal view. The oblique photograph is standardized by ligning the tip of the nose with the outline of the cheek. A close up of the nose from frontal and profile views should include the eyebrow and the lips. RESULTS: A close-up frontal and chin on chest views gave more detailed information about the nasal dorsum and the width of alar flare. A close-up profile views were found to be the most suitable for evaluating the nasal tip. It was possible to evaluate preoperative and postoperative results objectively by using the standardized photographs described here. CONCLUSION: Preoperative and postoperative photographs are important in providing good results in rhinoplasty. The use of photographs can also provide grounds for objective comparisons between the works of different plastic surgeons. More studies are needed to complete photographic standardization and the present study contributes to this cause.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Cheek ; Chin ; Eyebrows ; Humans ; Lip ; Nose ; Photography* ; Posture ; Reflex ; Rhinoplasty* ; Thorax

10.Rhinoplasty through the External Approach.

Jung Sun YOON ; Dong Hak JUNG ; Yang Gi MIN

Korean Journal of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 1997;40(8):1091-1096

BACKGROUND: Rhinoplasty surgeons have a choice of several approaches to the nose. The approaches can conveniently be divided into external and intranasal techniques. We prefer the external approach to the intranasal approach because the former provides better operative fields and more complete correction. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this report is to analyze the experiences of rhinoplasty through the external approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was performed in 119 patients who underwent rhinoplasty using the external approach from January of 1994 through March of 1997. RESULTS: This procedure has been used in all kinds of deformities even though most of them overlapped: 54 cases of crooked nose, 57 cases of saddle nose, 5 cases of hump nose and 3 cases of tip surgery. CONCLUSION: The exact procedures of cosmetic nasal tip surgery can be performed more easily by the external approach. The disadventages of this procedure, which is the columellar scar, longer operation time and post-operative edema, are neglible.
Cicatrix ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Edema ; Humans ; Nose ; Retrospective Studies ; Rhinoplasty*

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9.Standards of Photography in Rhinoplasty.

10.Rhinoplasty through the External Approach.

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