BACKGROUND: Ischemic preconditioning enhances the tolerance of myocardium against ischemia/reperfusion injury, with the enhancement of the recovery of post-ischemic myocardial function. This study was disigned to assess whether the protective effect of ischemic preconditioning could provide one additional hour of myocardial preservation in four hour myocardial ischemia in a rate heart. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Fourty four Spargue-Dawley rats, weighing 300-450gm, were divided into four groups. Group 1(n=7) and group 3 (n=12) were subjected to 30 minutes of aerobic Langendorff perfusion without ischemic preconditioning and then preserved in saline solution at 2-4 degree C for 4 hours and 5 respectively. Group 2 (n=7) and group 4 (n=18) were perfused in the same way for 20 minutes, followed by 3 minutes of global mormothermic ischemia and 10 minutes of perfusion and then preserved in the same cold saline solution for 4 hours and 5 hours respectively. Heart rate, left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), and coronary flow were measured at 15 minutes during perfusion as baseline. Spontaneous defibrillation time was measured after reperfusion. Heart rate, LVDP, and coronary flow were also recorded at 15 minutes, 30 minutes, and 45 minutes during reperfusion. Samples of the apical left ventricular wall were studied using a transmission electron microscope. Time of spontaneous defibrillation (TSD) was significantly longer in group 4 than in group 1 (p<0.001), and TSD in group 1 was significantly longer in comparision to that of group 2 (p<0.05). Heart rate at 45 minutes was significantly higher in group 1 than in group 4 (p<0.05). Heart rate at 15 min was significantly higher in group 2 than in group 1(p<0.001) and in group 4 than in group 3 (p<0.05). Left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) at 30 minutes and 45 minutes was higher in group 1 than in group 4 (p<0.01), LVDP at 45 minutes was higher in group 4 than in group 3 (p<0.05). Rate-pressure product (RPP) at 30 minutes and 45 minutes was higher in group 1 than in group 4 (p<0.05). RPP at 15 minutes was higher in group 2 than in group 1 (p<0.01). RPP at 30 minutes and 45 minutes was higher in group 4 than in group 3 (p<0.05). Group 2 showed relatively less sarcoplasmic edema and less nuclear chromatin clearance than group 1. Group 4 showed less myocardial cell damage than group 3, group 4 showed less myocardial cell damage than group 3, group 4 showed more myocardial cell edema than group 1. CONCLUSION: Ischemic preconditioning enhanced the recovery of postischemic myocardial function after 4 hours and 5 hours preservation. However, it was not demonstrated that ischemic preconditioning could definitely provide one additional hour of myocardial preservation in four hour myocardial ischemia in a rat heart.
Animals ; Chromatin ; Edema ; Heart Rate ; Heart* ; Ischemia ; Ischemic Preconditioning* ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Myocardium ; Perfusion ; Rats* ; Reperfusion ; Sodium Chloride

No abstract available.
Chickenpox*

We aimed to evaluate the long term trantment of enalapril on the vascular response in the isolated aorta, and in anesthetized or pithed spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHR). In the isolated aorta, the increase in tension provoked by addition of KC1 16.7mM was attenuated by enalapril treatment(3mg/kg/day for 6 weeks), whereas the increment by addition of NE 0.1uM tension was not influenced. The frequency-dependent vasoconstricution induced by electrical field stimulation of aorta was also attenuated by enalapril treatment. In pithed SHR, the frequency-related hypertension provoked by electrical stimulation(10sec, 1ms with 40V) of sympathetic pregnglionic nerve was also attenuated by enalapril treatment. Neither dose-related vasorelaxation by acetylcholine addition in the aorta nor decrease of DBP by intravenously(i.v.)-injected aetylcholine was altered by enalapril treatment. However, beta2-agonist, salbutamol-induced vasorelaxation in enalapril-treated group, was more remarkable than that in control group. The hypotension by i.v.-but not by intracerebroventricularly-injected salbutamol strengthened by enalapril treatment. These results suggest that the suppression of development of hypertension by enalapril treatment may result from the reduction of adrenergic neurotransmission and activity to voltage dependent calcium channel by acting on vascular smooth muscle itself.
Acetylcholine ; Albuterol ; Aorta ; Blood Pressure* ; Calcium Channels ; Enalapril* ; Hypertension ; Hypotension ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; Rats, Inbred SHR* ; Synaptic Transmission ; Vasodilation

We examined the expressions of CD44 splice variants (v4/5, v6), alpha-smooth muscle actin, nm23 to evaluate their roles as prognostic factors in 70 cases of uterine cervical carcinoma (stage IB to IIB) who were surgically treated from January 1989 to June 1990 with a clinical follow-up of a minimum of 5 years. The expression was examined by an immunohistochemical method using archival formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue. In the 70 cases, 61 cases were squamous cell carcinoma and 9 cases were adenocarcinoma. CD44v4/5, CD44v6, alpha-smooth muscle actin, and nm23 were detected in 41.4%, 70%, 100%, and 74.3% of tumor samples, respectively. CD44 splice variants and nm23 showed membrane and cytoplasmic staining of tumor cells, respectively. The expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin showed cytoplasmic staining confined to stromal cells and was classified into three grades by the extent in stromal cells: with less than 10% of stromal cells; 32.9%, 10-50% of stromal cells; 40.0%, more than 50%; 27.1%. These expressions were not correlated with histologic types, lymph node involvement, recurrence, and grades of tumor infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL). But CD44v4/5 had significantly inverse correlation with TIL (p=0.049). The expression of CD44v4/5 was significantly correlated with that of CD44v6 (p=0.05), and that of alpha-smooth muscle actin was inversely correlated with that of nm23 (p=0.049). In conclusion, in FIGO IB-IIB uterine cervical carcinoma CD44 variants, nm23, and SMA show high prevalence, however, with little prognostic significance assessed by recurrence and lymph node metastasis.
Actins* ; Adenocarcinoma ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cytoplasm ; Follow-Up Studies ; Formaldehyde ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphocytes ; Membranes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Paraffin ; Prevalence ; Recurrence ; Stromal Cells ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*

Authors analysed a series of 175 patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH) who have undergone the treatment for subarachnoid hemorrhage from July, 1990 to May, 1994 to assess the clinical factors related to clinical vasospasm. This investigation revealed following conclusions. 1) The severity of subarachnoid hemorrhage as seen on computed tomography seemed to be correlated with the appearance of clinical vasospasm. Patients with severe SAH on initial CT scan were at higher risk or clinical vasospasm. 2) Patients with history of hypertension had more significant clinical vasospasm than did normotensive patients after aneurysmal SAH. 3) Aneurysms of the anterior communicating artery were showen to have the highest incidence of clinical vasospasm. 4) Patients with moderate to severe diffuse vasospasm on cerebral angiography had more significant clinical vasospasm than patients with no or local vasospasm. These conclusions suggest that clinical vasospasm after aneurysmal SAH are related to the followi ng predictable factors;amount of blood on the initial CT scan;angiographic vasspasm;history of hypertension and location of aneurysm. Proper management of these factors may diminish the incidence and severity of clinical vasospasm and reduce the morbidity and mortality rate.
Aneurysm* ; Arteries ; Cerebral Angiography ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Incidence ; Infarction ; Mortality ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to evaluate the clinical results of pars plana vitrectomy on posterior segment complications in posterior uveitis. METHODS: We reviewed the records of 20 eyes of 19 uveitis patients who were followed up for 6 months or more after vitrectomy. RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 20 months. Final visual acuity improved in 10 eyes (50%), was maintained in 6 (30%), and decreased in 4 (20%). The mean improvement of vision was 1.6 lines (p=0.019). Detached retina was reattached in 8 (80%) among the 10 eyes with primary surgery. Postoperative complications were cataract (7 eyes), macular degeneration (2 eyes), retinal detachment (2 eyes), and recurrence (1 eye). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that pars plana vitrectomy may be a safe and effective treatment for posterior segment complications in posterior uveitis, but that early and complete vitrectomy should be considered for a better visual prognosis.
Cataract ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Macular Degeneration ; Postoperative Complications ; Prognosis ; Recurrence ; Retina ; Retinal Detachment ; Uveitis ; Uveitis, Posterior* ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy*

Phthiriasis has been usually known as a sexually-transmitted disease. The majority of these cases are found in the hair of the genital lesion, however, infestation of the eyelashed may occur. Eyeld involvement frequently causes blepharitis or conjunctivitis. The authors found a crab louse, Phthirus pubis and their nits on the eyelashes of 22-year-old female who complained foreign body and itching sensation of her right upper lid. Treatment is accomplished by careful mechanical removal of the louse and nits followed by the epilation and alllication of antibiotic eyedrops. We report a case of Phthiriasis palpebrarum with a review of the literatures.
Blepharitis ; Conjunctivitis ; Eyelashes ; Female ; Foreign Bodies ; Hair ; Hair Removal ; Humans ; Ophthalmic Solutions ; Pediculus ; Phthiraptera ; Phthirus ; Pruritus ; Sensation ; Young Adult

No abstract available.
Mitral Valve Insufficiency*

No abstract available.
Endocarditis* ; Humans

PURPOSE: The dimensionality of examinations provides empirical evidence of the internal test structure underlying the responses to a set of items. In turn, the internal structure is an important piece of evidence of the validity of an examination. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the performance of the DETECT program and to use it to examine the internal structure of the Korean nursing licensing examination. METHODS: Non-parametric methods of dimensional testing, such as the DETECT program, have been proposed as ways of overcoming the limitations of traditional parametric methods. A non-parametric method (the DETECT program) was investigated using simulation data under several conditions and applied to the Korean nursing licensing examination. RESULTS: The DETECT program performed well in terms of determining the number of underlying dimensions under several different conditions in the simulated data. Further, the DETECT program correctly revealed the internal structure of the Korean nursing licensing examination, meaning that it detected the proper number of dimensions and appropriately clustered the items within each dimension. CONCLUSION: The DETECT program performed well in detecting the number of dimensions and in assigning items for each dimension. This result implies that the DETECT method can be useful for examining the internal structure of assessments, such as licensing examinations, that possess relatively many domains and content areas.
Korea ; Licensure* ; Methods ; Nursing*