No abstract available.
Dementia*

Dural carotid-cavernous sinus fistula is an abnormal communication between small vssels emanating from intracavernous carotid artery supplying the regional dura and cranial nerves, and cavernous sinus. It is a rare entity that tends to appear in middle aged to elderly women and generally presents with a "red eye", or insidiously progressive glaucoma and may resolve without treatment. We have observed such a fistula in a 51-year-old woman and confirmed by TFCA(transfemoral carotid angiography) and have treated with manual carotid compressions and antiglaucomatous medication.
Aged ; Carotid Arteries ; Carotid-Cavernous Sinus Fistula* ; Cavernous Sinus ; Cranial Nerves ; Female ; Fistula ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Middle Aged

No abstract available.

When the oculomotor nerve is completely paralyzed, the affected eye shows severe outward displacement and poor cosmetic appearance. Past results of many surgical procedures for oculomotor palsy have been generally unsatisfactory. We tried a new surgical approach experimentally, in which the disinserted lateral rectus muscle was used as an adductor by medial transposition of the muscle. Five adult cats underwent disinsertion of the medial rectus muscle of both eyes to induce iatrogenic medial rectus paralysis. The disinserted medial rectus was removed as far back as possible to prevent reattachment. Then, the right lateral rectus muscle was disinserted and passed beneath the superior rectus muscle and resutured to the sclera 4mm superoposterior to the medial rectus insertion site. After excision of the bilateral medial rectus, a large exotropia of an average 47.6 delta (42.0-55.5 delta) was induced. The medial transposition of the right lateral rectus produced an average 36.6 delta (24.8-45.8 delta) correction of the exotropia. A satisfactory cosmetic result was achieved by this procedure.
Animals ; Cats ; Exotropia/etiology ; Oculomotor Muscles/*surgery ; Oculomotor Nerve Diseases/physiopathology/*surgery ; Vision Disparity

Overaction of the inferior oblique(IO) muscle is manifested by elevation of the adducted eye and from the clinical point of view there are two types of overaction. The primary type is of unknown cause, whereas the secondary type is usually related to the palsy of the ipsilateral superior oblique or contralateral superior rectus. An ultrastructural study on the overacting IO muscles was performed compared to normal IO muscles by electron microscopy. Of 16 biopsies of overacting IO muscles, four had primary overacting inferior obliques and twelve had secondary overacting inferior obliques due to paralysis of superior oblique muscle. Additional four IO muscle, obtained from patients with intraocular diseases served as control specimens. The most striking abnormalities were aggregations of mitochondria and degenerating mitochondrial profiles and increased vacuolization in primary and secondary overacting muscles. Many muscle fibers were in different stages of atrophy, and hypertrophy and regeneration of muscle fibers were sometimes visible. The results suggest that the primary overacting IO muscle might be the result of a paresis of the superior oblique muscle.
Biopsy ; Humans ; Mitochondria/ultrastructure ; Ocular Motility Disorders/*pathology ; Oculomotor Muscles/*ultrastructure ; Ophthalmoplegia/pathology ; Vacuoles/ultrastructure

Uveitis can be classified in a variety of ways and this fact makes it difficult to compare results. Therefore we classified uveitis by the location with the method of Henderly; anterior-, posterior-, intermediate- and panuveitis. We determined the frequency of occurrence, etiology and clinical characteristics of various forms of uveitis. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 683 patients with uveitis seen at Seoul National University Hospital from January 1978, to December 1987. The results were as follows. 1. 192 cases (28.1%) occurred as anterior uveitis, 218 cases (31.9%) as posterior uveitis, 166 cases (24.3%) as panuveitis and 107 cases (15.7%) as pars planitis. Posterior uveitis was the most common form of uveitis. 2. In cases of anterior uveitis, 142 cases (74.0%) were idiopathic, traumatic uveitis was seen in 18 cases. In posterior-uveitis, 111 cases (50.9%) were idiopathic, retinal vasculitis including Eales' disease in 60 cases (27.5%), toxoplasmosis in 23 cases (10.6%). In cases of panuveitis, idiopathic form occurred in 80 cases (48.2%), Behcet's disease in 41 cases (24.7%). The idiopathic form was the most common entity in all locations of uveitis.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Korea ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; *Uveitis/classification/etiology/physiopathology

No abstract available.
Child* ; Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital* ; Humans ; Infant* ; Poisoning*

No abstract available.

Uveitis is a comprehensive term that indicates the inflammation of not only the uvea but also its adjacent tissues, and its etiology, clinical feature and prognosis are various. Uveitis can be classified in a variety of ways and this fact makes it difficult to compare each result. So we classified uveitis by the location with the method of Henderly, D.E.(1986): ant-, post-, intermediate- and panuveitis. We determined the frequency of occurrence, etiology and clinical characteristics of various forms of uveitis in Korea. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 683 patIents with uveitis seen at Seoul National University Hospital from January 1978 to December 1987 and the results were as follows. 1. 192 cases(29.1%) occurred as anterior uveitis, 218 cases(31.9%) as posterior uveitis, 166 cases(24.3%) as panuveitis and 107 cases(15.7%) as pars planitis: Posterior uveitis was the most common form of uveitis. 2. In cases of anterior uveitis, 142 cases(70.4%) were idiopathic, traumatic uveitis was seen in 18 cases(9.4%). In posterior uveatis, III cases(50.9%) were idiopathic, retinal vasculitis including Eales' disease in 60 cases(27.5%) and toxo-plasmosis in 23 cases(10.6%). In cases of panuveitis, idiopathic form occurred in 80 cases(48.2%), Behcet's disease in 41 cases(24.7%): Idiopathic form was the most common entity in all locations of uveitis.
Classification ; Humans ; Incidence ; Inflammation ; Korea* ; Panuveitis ; Pars Planitis ; Prognosis ; Retinal Vasculitis ; Retrospective Studies ; Seoul ; Uvea ; Uveitis* ; Uveitis, Anterior ; Uveitis, Posterior

To evaluate the usefulness of indocyanine green (ICG) iris angiography in darkly pigmented iris and to investigate whether the anterior segment ischemia can be produced by tenotomies of two or more rectus muscles in rabbits, twenty one eyes of 21 pigmented rabbits wer divided into four groups according to the surgical procedures. Group I (2 eyes) underwent only conjunctival peritomy as a control. Group II (6 eyes), Group III (9 eyes), Group IV (4 eyes) underwent tenotomies of two, three and four rectus muscles, respectively. All these eyes underwent ICG iris angiography at pre-op, post-op 10 housrs, 3 days, 7 days and 14 days. In eight eyes of Group I and Group II, fluorescein iris angiography was taken simultaneously. The quality of fluorescein iris angiography was much lower in the pigmented iris and the interpretation was more difficult compared to ICG iris angiography. The peritomy (Group I) or tenotomies of two rectus muscles (Group II) produced no circulatory defect of the iris even after 10 hours postoperatively. After tenotomies of three rectus muscles (Group III) there were transient mild filling defects in superior or inferior sector of iris in 7 of 9 eyes. These defects lasted for 1 to 3 days. Tenotomies of four rectus muscles (Group IV) produced transient filling defects which lasted for 1 to 7 days. ICG iris angiography was suitable for the evaluation of anterior segment circulation in darkly pigmented iris, thus, it can be applied to the coriental brown iris. And in contrast to the previous concept that the rabbits iris arteries derive solely from the long posterior ciliary arteries, circulatory disturbance of iris, even though transient, could be produced by severance of rectus muscles.
Angiography* ; Arteries ; Ciliary Arteries ; Fluorescein ; Indocyanine Green* ; Iris* ; Ischemia* ; Muscles ; Rabbits* ; Tenotomy