The gene types of breast cancer can be classified into three types according to its molecules: Luminal type A, Luminal type B, HER-2-positive type, triple negative type. Authors combined pathological characteristics of breast cancer, biological characteristics, and comprehensive treatment, used syndrome typing based medication, and explored treatment meticulous ideas and methods of "treating the same disease with different methods" as well as "different treatment methods in accordance with patients individually".
Biomarkers, Tumor ; genetics ; Breast Neoplasms ; classification ; genetics ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; genetics

Objective To analyse incidence of the severe complications of hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy and the influence on the outcome of pregnancy.Methods A retrospective study of 4107 cases among 71 020 cases who delivered in hospitals from 1995 to 2004 in Guangzhou was conducted. Results The morbidity of hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy was 5.78%,in which the morbidity of severe pre-eclampsia was 27.78% (1141/4107),of mitis pre-eclampsia was 72.22% (2966/4107). Maternal mortality rate was 0.19% (8/4107),and the specific mortality rate was 11.26/100 000.The proportion of severe complications of hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy from high to low was as follows:placental abruption 1.68% (69/4107),DIC 1.36% (56/4107),hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy induced cardiopathy(induced cardiopathy) 1.05% (43/4107),renal failure 0.97% (40/4107),cerebrovascular accident 0.58% (24/4107),and hemolysis,elevated liver enzymes and low platelet (HELLP) syndrome 0.51% (21/4107).Mortality caused by severe complications of hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy were as follows:cerebrovascular accident 17% (4/24),HELLP syndrome 10% (2/21),DIC 5% (3/56) and induced cardiopathy 2% (1/43).The proportion of perinatal mortality from severe complications were as follows:placental abruption 43% (33/77),HELLP syndrome 42% (10/ 24),DIC 34% (22/64),renal failure 25% (11/44),cerebro vascular accident 24% (6/25)and induced cardiopathy 16% (8/49).Conclusions (1) The morbidity of severe complications from high to low are: placental abruption,DIC,induced eardiopathy,renal failure,eerebro vascular accident and HELLP syndrome.(2) The main causes of mortality for gravida and puerperant are:cerebro vascular accident, HELLP syndrome,DIC and induced cardiopathy.(3) The major complications harmful to perinatal newborns are in the order of:placental abruption,HELLP syndrome,DIC,renal failure,eerebro vascular accident and induced cardiopathy.

Objective To explore the relationship between some single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP)loci of interferon regulatory factor 6(IRF6)gene,transforming growth faetor-?(TGFA)gene and nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate(NSCL/P)in nuclear families consisting of fathers, mothers and affected offspring with NSCL/P from southeast China.Methods Some SNloci of IRF6 and TGFA were detected by applying microarray technology in nuclear families,and then haplotype relative risk (HRR)and transmission disequilibrium test(TDT)were performed.Results There were no significant difference in genotypes and alleles distribution between patients and their parents.The SNP locus——V274I of IRF6 was associated with NSCL/P(HRR:?~2=4.5816,P

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of 18-β glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) on the endoplasmic reticulum of nasal epithelial cells in allergic rhinitis (AR) model rats.

METHODSTotally 96 Wistar rats were randomly divided into the blank group, the AR model group, the loratadine group, the GA group, 24 in each group. AR models were established by peritoneally injecting ovalbumin (OVA). Morphological scoring was performed. GA at 21. 6 mg/kg was intragastrically administered to rats in the GA group. Nasal mucosal tissues were taken for electron microscopic examinations at the second, fourth, sixth, and tenth week after drug intervention.

RESULTSThe overlapping score was 2.10 ± 0.45 in the blank group, 5.10 ± 0.56 in the loratadine group, 5.10 ± 0.56 in the AR model group, 5.20 ± 0.78 in the GA group, showing statistical difference when compared with the blank group (P < 0.01). Results under transmission electron microscope showed that the number of the endoplasmic reticulum increased in the AR model group, with obvious cystic dilatation, a lot of vacuole formation, and degranulation. A large number of free ribosomes could be seen in cytoplasm. With persistent allergen exposure, changes mentioned above was progressively aggravated in the endoplasmic reticulum of nasal mucosal epithelium in the AR model group. But the dilation of endoplasmic reticulum, vacuole formation, and degranulation were relieved in the GA group, and got close to those of the blank group.

CONCLUSION18-β GA could improve the expansion, vacuolization, and degranulation of the endoplasmic reticulum of nasal epithelial cells in AR model rats.

Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Endoplasmic Reticulum ; Epithelial Cells ; drug effects ; Glycyrrhetinic Acid ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Nasal Mucosa ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; drug therapy

OBJECTIVENumber and function of endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) and coronary artery lesion in Kawasaki disease (KD) model were evaluated to investigate therapeutic efficacy of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF).

METHODC57BL/6 mice were injected with L. casei cell wall extract (LCWE); 48 mice were divided into 3 groups randomly: KD model group; G-CSF treated model group and control group, 16 in each. G-CSF was subcutaneously injected from day 5 to day 9 after injection of LCWE. Coronary artery lesion, number of circulating EPC and the function of bone marrow EPC were evaluated.

RESULTIn model group, inflammatory infiltration was found around coronary artery at 14 days. The number of circulating EPC was significantly decreased in model group (0.017% ± 0.008%) compared to control (0.028% ± 0.007%) (t = 2.037, P < 0.05). Disruption of elastin was consistently observed at 56 days. Stimulated by G-CSF, inflammatory infiltration was found around the coronary artery at day 14, while the number of circulating EPC (0.042% ± 0.015%) was increased significantly compared to models (t = 4.629, P < 0.05). At the day 56, the number of circulating EPC was decreased slightly (0.029% ± 0.012%), but still higher than the model group (t = 2.789, P < 0.05), and have no significant difference compared to controls (P > 0.05). Furthermore, there was no elastin disruption in the G-CSF group. In model group, bone marrow EPC's proliferation ability of absorbance (A value) was 0.38 ± 0.09 in thiazolyl blue assay, less than controls (0.61 ± 0.14, P < 0.01). Adhesion and migration function were down-regulated compared to controls [(3.1 ± 0.6) cells/HPF and (3.3 ± 0.6) cells/HPF vs. (6.4 ± 1.2) cells/HPF and (6.2 ± 0.5) cells/HPF, both P < 0.01]. In the G-CSF treated group, proliferation ability (A 0.58 ± 0.10), adhesion [(6.17 ± 1.13) cells/HPF], migration [(6.29 ± 0.42) cells/HPF] function were increased significantly compared to the model group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONG-CSF can up-regulate EPC number and function to prevent coronary artery lesion in mice model of KD.

Animals ; Coronary Vessels ; drug effects ; pathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; Flow Cytometry ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome ; blood ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Random Allocation ; Stem Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; Up-Regulation

Recent studies in western countries have reported that the mechanism pf pain are concorded with gate control opiage receptor binding sites and the release of intrinsic morphine like substances, sodium glutamate and also with bradykinin, seroconin, histamine and prostaglandin E. Otherwise the mechanism of the stimulstion producing analgesia has been reported to involve a neurophysiologic and neurohumoral inhibitory effect at the level of spinal cord, brain stem, thalamus and cortex. This has been clarified but further study should improve the chance of understanding the mechanism of pain. From the standpoint of pain management, medications used to manage pain have some unfortunate side effects. nerve blocks cause anesthesia toxicity, major neurosurgical procedures have many complications. Subarachnoidal and epidural analgesics have unknown irritation pneumonia and drug toxicity, and plexus or pituitary gland block with phenol or alcohol has uneventful complication. From January 1980 to December 1982, electrical acupuncture stimulation has been used on 210 cases at HANYANG university hospital in the pain clinic. I found it useful in relieving pain which has not responded to various conventional methods which included medications, nerve blocks, neurosurgical intervantion and neuropolytics. The results are as follows: 1) There are two kinds of treated patients: One is consultation case-12 from internal medicine, 16 from orthopedic surgery, 10 from neurosurgical and 2 from psychiatry. Another 170 cases were patients who directly to the clinic. And the age distribution shows the highset number of patients in the 3rd decade(21%) and in the 4th decade(24.8%). 2) The region of pain was 21% lumbar, 13.8% shoulder, 10% lower leg and head or face with 9.5%. 3) The duration of the pain showed 10 days 25.7%, 1~2 month 18.6%, one year 11.4% and the longest up to 20 years. 4) Patients who were able to walk into the clinic were 19.5%, moderate cases who to be accompanied were 58.6% and bedridden cases were 21.9%. 5) Treatment was conducted mainly on low frequency stimulation with various waves that included the general dynamic activity point plus reactive electro permeable point (REPP) 81.9% and REER plus head in situ needle 18.1%. 6) In 16.7% only one treatment was administered, in 46.1% 2~5 treatments were given, in 28.6% 6~10 treatments were given and in 3 cases more than 100 treatments were administered. 7) Of the 210 cases, 43.3% showed marked improvement, 41.4% were improved, 13.8% showed translent improvement and there were 3 cases of no improvement. The total confidence was 84.7%. 8) There are no serious complications except hypertensive shock case, submucosal hemorrhagic petechia 7 cases and generalized fatigue 18 cases. In conclusion, electrical acupuncture stimulation of the peripheral nervous system can be used to relieve pain replacing such conventional means as medications, nerve blocks, major neurosurgical procedures, neuroytics and physiopsychic therapy which are generally less effective.
Acupuncture ; Age Distribution ; Analgesia ; Analgesics ; Anesthesia ; Binding Sites ; Bradykinin ; Brain Stem ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; Electric Stimulation* ; Fatigue ; Head ; Histamine ; Humans ; Internal Medicine ; Leg ; Morphine ; Needles ; Nerve Block ; Neurosurgical Procedures ; Orthopedics ; Pain Clinics ; Pain Management ; Peripheral Nerves* ; Peripheral Nervous System ; Phenol ; Pituitary Gland ; Pneumonia ; Shock ; Shoulder ; Sodium Glutamate ; Spinal Cord ; Thalamus

It is a well known fact that the best method of determinign need ofr transfusion is the accurate measurement of blood loss related to the patient's status and surgical maneuvers during operation. There are many complications of blood transfusion and their pathophysiologic mechanism, and theprevention and management has been discussed. Among the complications of blood transfusion, urticaria is the most common symptom. The pathophysiologic mechanism of urticaria is understood in some degree at the present time but there are many different opinions as to its prevention and management. Furthermore antihistamine has been widely used for the prevention of urticaria but there are many debatable events about the use of antihistamine. This study was undertaken to investigate the recent reports concerning the use of antihistamine for the prevent in and management of urticaria. Two hundred eighty eight transfused patients among the total of six thousand four hundred forty eight surgical cases done at the Hanyang University hospital from January 1st to December 31th 1983. were reviewed. The result are as follows: 1) The incidence of urticaria was 28 cases (9.72%) among the 288 transfused cases and there was no sex difference. 2) The age distribution was 10 cases (12%) in the 2nd decade and 9 cases(11.3%) in the 4th decade. 3) The lowest incidence of urticaria was 5 cases (5.3%) with A blood type and high of incidence with B, O and AB blood type. 4) The physical status of class 3 was seem in 10 cases(43.5%) as the most common occurrence of urticaria. 5) The highest incidence of urticaria was observed in 9(45%) of 20 obstetric cases. 6) There was no significant differnece of urticaria incidence between the groups which did and did not use antihistamine. Also in the group which received histamine 10 minutes before treansfusion there was a significant decreases 6 cases (3.41%) among the 178 transfused cases. 7) There was no significant statistical difference between blood loss and transfused blood volumes. 8) There was no significant statistical change in the mean values of hemoglobin and hematocrit which were measured preoperatively, in recovery room and 24 hours after operation. 9) In the patient's who were tranfused with more than 10 oints of whole blood, urticaria developed in 9 cases (50%) among 18. From the results of this study, I consider the most effective method for the prevention of urticaria to be the administration of histamine 10 minutes before transfusion. Further investigation of this method will be carried out.
Age Distribution ; Blood Transfusion* ; Blood Volume ; Hematocrit ; Histamine ; Humans ; Incidence ; Recovery Room ; Sex Characteristics ; Urticaria

Halothane was introduced in 1956. It has been used worldwidely as a relatively safe inhalation anesthetic but it is generally accepted that it can cause decrease of liver function. But the causative factor has not yet been pinpointed. Enflurane also seems to decrease liver function but the exact cause is not yet known. In order to study the effects of enflurane and halothane on liver function, we used 10 cases of spinal anesthesia as a control group, and 20 cases each of enflurane and halothane anesthesia respectively as experimental group. We then checked serum GOT, GPT, total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, and eosinophil count in peripheral venous blood before oeration and 6 days after operation and looked for the existence of high fever of more than 39 degrees C 3 days postoperatively. The results are as follows: 1) We found statistical significant change of serum GOT, GPT, total billirubin alkaline phosphatase and eosinophil count in spinal, enflurane, or halothane anesthesia beofre and after operation. There was no statistically significance between the control and experimental groups. 2) No patient developed high fever of more than 39 degrees C until 3 days after anesthesia in any group. 3) No significant change of mean arterial blood pressure was observed before and during anesthesia in each group. In this study no definite conclusion that enflurane and halothane might have affected the liver function.
Alkaline Phosphatase ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Spinal ; Anesthetics* ; Arterial Pressure ; Bilirubin ; Enflurane* ; Eosinophils ; Fever ; Halothane* ; Humans ; Inhalation ; Liver*

Myasthenia gravis is a disease characterized by muscle weakness upon exertion of an involved muscle group and partial return of function eithe with rest or the administration of anticholinesterase. It is generally thought that myasthenia gravis is caused by an autoimmune response associated with the thymus gland and thymectomy is considered to be the treatment of choice for countering this autoimmune process. It is a well known fact that perioerative nticholinesterase therapy, muscle relaxant administration during operation and postoperative respiratory management are in dispute. We described a case of a 42 year old male myasthenic patient with mild symptoms who needed 4 days of artificial ventilatory support following thymectomy.
Adult ; Autoimmunity ; Dissent and Disputes ; Humans ; Male ; Muscle Weakness ; Myasthenia Gravis* ; Thymectomy ; Thymus Gland

OBJECTIVES: To explore the relationship between atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and childhood asthma. METHODS: This retrospective study included 86 children with asthma admitted to the Changzhou Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University from July 2020 to August 2022 as the asthma group and 149 healthy children undergoing physical examination during the same period as the control group. Metabolic parameters including total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and blood glucose, as well as general information of the children such as height, weight, body mass index, presence of specific dermatitis, history of inhalant allergen hypersensitivity, family history of asthma, and feeding history, were collected. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to study the relationship between AIP, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and asthma. The value of AIP, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol for predicting asthma was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. RESULTS: The AIP and triglyceride levels in the asthma group were significantly higher than those in the control group, while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was significantly lower (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol between the two groups (P>0.05). Before and after adjusting for height, weight, presence of specific dermatitis, history of inhalant allergen hypersensitivity, family history of asthma, feeding method, and blood glucose, multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that AIP, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were associated with asthma (P<0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the optimal cutoff value for predicting asthma with AIP was -0.333, with a sensitivity of 80.2%, specificity of 55.0%, positive predictive value of 50.71%, and negative predictive value of 82.85%. The area under the curve (AUC) for AIP in predicting asthma was significantly higher than that for triglycerides (P=0.009), but there was no significant difference in AUC between AIP and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P=0.686). CONCLUSIONS AIP, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol are all associated with asthma. AIP has a higher value for predicting asthma than triglycerides and comparable value to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
Humans ; Child ; Retrospective Studies ; Blood Glucose ; Triglycerides ; Cholesterol, HDL ; Cholesterol, LDL ; Asthma/etiology* ; Dermatitis ; Risk Factors