No abstract available.
Writing*

No abstract available.
Follow-Up Studies* ; Spinal Stenosis*

The purpose of the present was devalopment of a new pain assessment model that recorded in free moving rats to eliminte of anesthetic agents in orofacial area. Antinociceptive effects and mechanisms of tricyclic antidepressants is also investigated. Fifty-five male Wistar rats (400-500gm) were anesthetized with an intraperitoneal injection of urethane (500microgram/kg) and pentobarbital sodium ((20microgram/kg). Anesthetized rats mounted in a sterotaxic instrument and a guide cannula was implanted in the lateral ventricle. The Cordinates were 0.8mm posterior to bregma, 1.5mm lateral from midline and 0.4mm ventral from the skull. Stimulating electrodes implanted in the incisor plup and recording electrodes were inserted into the belly of digastric musle. Stimulating and recording eletodes were led subcutaneously to miniature cranial connector sealed on the top of the skullwhit acrylic resin. Jaw opening reflex (JOP) was used a pian assessment. Jaw opening reflex is elicted by noxious stimulation of the incisor and is quantified by the magnitude of electromyogram of digastric muscle(dEMG). After a 48hours recovery period from surgery. JOR was recorded in free moving rats. Electrcal shock (200 sec duration, 0.5-2mA intensity, 0.5Hz) were delivered to the dental plup. Twenty subsequent electromyograms were recorded from digastric music in free moving rats. After intraperitioneal injection of 15microgram/kg impramine or nortriptyline dEMG was suppressed to 64+/-6 or 56+/-8% of the control. Intraperitioneal injection of 30microgram/kg desipramine, impramine or nortriptyline dEMG respectively to 44+/-9, 15+/-4, or 16+/-3% of the control. After intravenous injection of 12microgram/kg desipramine, imipramine or nortriptyline, dEMG was suspressed to 73 7, 50 4, or 66 7% of the control. Intravenous injection of 18microgram/kg desipramine, imipramine or nortriptyline suppressed dEMG respectively to 57+/-6, 12+/-3 or 6+/-2% of the control. To investigate the central mechanisms of antinociception of nortriptyline, naloxne, opioid receptor antagonist, methysergide, and phentolamine inhibited suppression of dEMG by intravenous injection of 18microgram/kg notriptyline from 7+/-2 to 47+/-9, from 4+/-2 to 24+/-6, and from 4+/-1 to 51+/-7% of the control resectively. these results suggest that antidepressant agents be to modulate pain transmission in orofacial area. The analgesia produced by intraperitioneal and intraventous injection of antidepressants seems to be mediated by multipule pathways such as descending pain inhibitory system.
Analgesia ; Anesthetics ; Animals ; Antidepressive Agents* ; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic ; Catheters ; Desipramine ; Electrodes ; Humans ; Imipramine ; Incisor ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Injections, Intravenous ; Jaw ; Lateral Ventricles ; Male ; Methysergide ; Music ; Nortriptyline ; Pain Measurement ; Pentobarbital ; Phentolamine ; Rats* ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptors, Opioid ; Reflex* ; Shock ; Skull ; Urethane

No abstract available.
Animals ; Photoreceptor Cells* ; Rats* ; Retina*

K+ -selective ion channels were studied in excised inside-out membrane patches from human osteoblast-like cells(G292). There classes of K+ channels were present and could be distinguished on the basis of conductance. Conductances were 270+/-27 pS, 113+/-12 pS, 48+/-8 pS according to their approximate conductances in symmetrical 140 mM KCI saline at holding potential of -80 mV. It was found that the small conductance (48 pS) K+ channel activation was dependent on membrane voltage. In current-voltage relationship, small conductance K+ channel showed outward rectification, and it was activated by the positive potential inside the membrane. In recordings, single channel currents were activayed by a negative pressure outside the membrane. The membrane pressure increased P(open) of the K+ channel in a pressure-dependent manner. In the excised-patch clamp recordings, G292 osteoblast-like cells have been shown to contain three types of K+ channels. Only the small conductance (48 pS) K+ channel is sensitive to the membrane stretch. These findings suggest that a hyperpolarzing current, mediated in part by this channel, may be associated with early events during the mechanical loading of the osteoblast. In G292 osteoblast-like cells, K+ channel is sensitive to membrane tension, and may represent a unique adaptation of the bone cell membrane to mechanical stress.
Cell Membrane ; Humans ; Ion Channels ; Membranes ; Osteoblasts ; Stress, Mechanical

BACKGROUND: Mitral and pulmonary venous(PV) flow velocity variables are being used for the indirect evaluation of left ventricular(LV) diastolic function. However, these flow velocities are influenced by age, loading conditions and other factors. This study was designed to evaluate usefulness of left atrial size and function in addition to the relation of mitral and PV flow velocity variables in the estimation of LV filling pressures. METHODS: Mitral and PV flow velocity variables. left artial size and function were assessed just before a cardiac catherization in 31 patients. According to the LV filling pressures, patients were divided into two subgroups and echocardiographic variables were compared. RESULTS: 1) LV end-diastolic pressure was related to the duration of reverse flow in the PV at atrial contraction(r=0.58) and difference in mitral and PV flow velocity duration at atrial contraction(r=0.54), and the similar findings were observed in other left ventricular filling pressures. 2) Left atrial size and volumes were greater in the subgroup of abnormal LV filling pressures(P < 0.05), but left atrial ejection fraction was not different between subgroups. CONCLUSION: In addition to variables of the mitral and PV flow velocities, left atrial size and volume may provide an additive value in the estimation of left ventricular filling pressures.
Echocardiography ; Echocardiography, Doppler ; Humans

Using Xenon inhalation method, the authers measured the rCBF's within 24 hours before and after the operation of 4 AVM patients. We found the obliteration of the cerebral steal syndrome in all cases and the loss of initial shunt peak in 2 cases after excision of AVM. We discussed these hemodynamic changes in AVM and reviewed the literatures.
Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Inhalation ; Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations* ; Xenon

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors are likely to reduce the development of atrial fibrillation (AF) by preventing atrial fibrosis. We attempted to assess the relevance of strain echocardiography for quantitative assessment of the left atrial (LA) status in AF, its modification by RAS inhibitors and changes of biochemical markers during cardiac remodeling in AF. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Strain echocardiography is performed 2 times (baseline and 12 month) in 60 patients with AF (RAS inhibitors-used group: 30, non-used group: 30). In an apical 4-chamber view, the regional analysis consisted of placing the region of interest cursor at the basal segments of the septal and lateral wall of LA. Mean peak systolic and early diastolic strain/rate are measured with LA end-systolic antero-posterior, longitudinal and transverse dimensions. RESULTS: Six patients of RAS inhibitors-used group (group A, 20%) and three patients of non-used group (group B, 10%) were converted to normal sinus rhythm during the study. LA size, E wave velocity, E/E', strain parameters showed no significant differences between groups at the baseline. There were no significant differences in LA size and E wave velocity between groups at the 12 months, however, peak systolic strain/rate were significantly higher in group A (36.71+/-13.63% and 2.98+/-0.59s(-1), p<0.05, respectively) than group B (27.21+/-10.49% and 2.21+/-0.47s(-1)). In addition, peak early diastolic strain/rate were significantly higher in group A (-1.89+/-3.30% and -2.32 +/-0.77s-1 p<0.05, respectively) than group B (-0.83+/-2.79% and -1.77+/-0.25s(-1)). There were no significant differences in C-reactive protein (CRP) and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) at the baseline, but BNP were significantly reduced in group A (822.9+/-798.3 pg/mL, p<0.05) than group B (1481.9+/-209.97 pg/mL) at the 12-month follow-up. CONCLUSION: The increased values of atrial peak systolic and diastolic strain/rate after treatment with RAS inhibitors revealed that passive stretching and shortening of LA wall might improve in some patients with AF even before LA size change possibly because of reduced atrial fibrosis and increased compliance. Our results indicated that strain echocardiography provides clinically useful information of LA function and remodeling and treatment with RAS inhibitors appears to preserve LA reservoir function in AF patients without visible LA structural change.
Atrial Fibrillation ; Atrial Function, Left ; Biomarkers ; C-Reactive Protein ; Compliance ; Echocardiography ; Fibrosis ; Humans ; Muscle Stretching Exercises ; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain ; Prospective Studies ; Renin-Angiotensin System ; Sprains and Strains

The mediastinal parathyroid cyst is a very rare cause of space occupying lesions in the mediastinum.We report a case of a non-functioning mediastinal parathyroid cyst that occurred ina 42 year-old male. He suffered from foreign body sensation of the throat whenever he wasin the supine position. A chest computed tomography showed a round cyst with a narrowbase attached to trachea. It was white and tan, thin-walled semi-transparent cyst containingyellow and tan serous fluid. Microscopically it was characterized by a thin fibrous wall linedwith a single or double layer of uniform cells with clear cytoplasm and small nuclei. The liningcells were immunopositive for chromogranin A.
Adult ; Chromogranin A ; Cytoplasm ; Foreign Bodies ; Humans ; Male ; Mediastinum ; Parathyroid Glands ; Pharynx ; Sensation ; Supine Position ; Thorax ; Trachea ; Triacetoneamine-N-Oxyl

The virtues of the pantopaque myelography in the study of the herniated intervertebral disc have been generally accepted. As expected, it shows the presence of ruptured disc in the accuracy over 80%. But it is open to discussion whether the myelographic defects can indicate the exact location and type of herniated discs or not. In this article, we attempted to find out some correlation between the myelographic defect and the operative finding in viewing the size and shape of myelographic defects. This consideration may be helpful to make a clear cut diagnosis in the lumbar disc disease. One hundred and sixtytwo operative cases undergoing pantopaque myelography were subjected. Some obtained results will be presented.
Diagnosis ; Intervertebral Disc ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement ; Iophendylate ; Myelography ; Virtues