No abstract available.
Follow-Up Studies* ; Spinal Stenosis*

No abstract available.
Writing*

The purpose of the present was devalopment of a new pain assessment model that recorded in free moving rats to eliminte of anesthetic agents in orofacial area. Antinociceptive effects and mechanisms of tricyclic antidepressants is also investigated. Fifty-five male Wistar rats (400-500gm) were anesthetized with an intraperitoneal injection of urethane (500microgram/kg) and pentobarbital sodium ((20microgram/kg). Anesthetized rats mounted in a sterotaxic instrument and a guide cannula was implanted in the lateral ventricle. The Cordinates were 0.8mm posterior to bregma, 1.5mm lateral from midline and 0.4mm ventral from the skull. Stimulating electrodes implanted in the incisor plup and recording electrodes were inserted into the belly of digastric musle. Stimulating and recording eletodes were led subcutaneously to miniature cranial connector sealed on the top of the skullwhit acrylic resin. Jaw opening reflex (JOP) was used a pian assessment. Jaw opening reflex is elicted by noxious stimulation of the incisor and is quantified by the magnitude of electromyogram of digastric muscle(dEMG). After a 48hours recovery period from surgery. JOR was recorded in free moving rats. Electrcal shock (200 sec duration, 0.5-2mA intensity, 0.5Hz) were delivered to the dental plup. Twenty subsequent electromyograms were recorded from digastric music in free moving rats. After intraperitioneal injection of 15microgram/kg impramine or nortriptyline dEMG was suppressed to 64+/-6 or 56+/-8% of the control. Intraperitioneal injection of 30microgram/kg desipramine, impramine or nortriptyline dEMG respectively to 44+/-9, 15+/-4, or 16+/-3% of the control. After intravenous injection of 12microgram/kg desipramine, imipramine or nortriptyline, dEMG was suspressed to 73 7, 50 4, or 66 7% of the control. Intravenous injection of 18microgram/kg desipramine, imipramine or nortriptyline suppressed dEMG respectively to 57+/-6, 12+/-3 or 6+/-2% of the control. To investigate the central mechanisms of antinociception of nortriptyline, naloxne, opioid receptor antagonist, methysergide, and phentolamine inhibited suppression of dEMG by intravenous injection of 18microgram/kg notriptyline from 7+/-2 to 47+/-9, from 4+/-2 to 24+/-6, and from 4+/-1 to 51+/-7% of the control resectively. these results suggest that antidepressant agents be to modulate pain transmission in orofacial area. The analgesia produced by intraperitioneal and intraventous injection of antidepressants seems to be mediated by multipule pathways such as descending pain inhibitory system.
Analgesia ; Anesthetics ; Animals ; Antidepressive Agents* ; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic ; Catheters ; Desipramine ; Electrodes ; Humans ; Imipramine ; Incisor ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Injections, Intravenous ; Jaw ; Lateral Ventricles ; Male ; Methysergide ; Music ; Nortriptyline ; Pain Measurement ; Pentobarbital ; Phentolamine ; Rats* ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptors, Opioid ; Reflex* ; Shock ; Skull ; Urethane

K+ -selective ion channels were studied in excised inside-out membrane patches from human osteoblast-like cells(G292). There classes of K+ channels were present and could be distinguished on the basis of conductance. Conductances were 270+/-27 pS, 113+/-12 pS, 48+/-8 pS according to their approximate conductances in symmetrical 140 mM KCI saline at holding potential of -80 mV. It was found that the small conductance (48 pS) K+ channel activation was dependent on membrane voltage. In current-voltage relationship, small conductance K+ channel showed outward rectification, and it was activated by the positive potential inside the membrane. In recordings, single channel currents were activayed by a negative pressure outside the membrane. The membrane pressure increased P(open) of the K+ channel in a pressure-dependent manner. In the excised-patch clamp recordings, G292 osteoblast-like cells have been shown to contain three types of K+ channels. Only the small conductance (48 pS) K+ channel is sensitive to the membrane stretch. These findings suggest that a hyperpolarzing current, mediated in part by this channel, may be associated with early events during the mechanical loading of the osteoblast. In G292 osteoblast-like cells, K+ channel is sensitive to membrane tension, and may represent a unique adaptation of the bone cell membrane to mechanical stress.
Cell Membrane ; Humans ; Ion Channels ; Membranes ; Osteoblasts ; Stress, Mechanical

No abstract available.
Animals ; Photoreceptor Cells* ; Rats* ; Retina*

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate characteristics of cognitive impairments according to the location of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) using a computerized neuropsychological test (CNT). METHOD: A total of 211 patients were transferred to our rehabilitation department after becoming neurologically stable following aneurysmal SAH. Twenty four of the 211 patients met the inclusion criteria and participated in a screening test using the mini-mental state examination (MMSE). Twenty patients with a MMSE score <26 were followed prospectively with a CNT and Beck depression inventory (BDI). Eleven patients had anterior communicating artery (ACoA) aneurysms and the other 9 had middle cerebral, internal carotid or posterior communicating artery aneurysms. RESULTS: There were no differences in age, education, Hunt and Hess grade, or Fisher grade between the patients with ACoA aneurysmal SAH compared to patients with other aneurysmal SAH. In patients with ACoA aneurysmal SAH, scores of BDI (p=0.020), verbal learning test were lower than those of other aneurysmal SAH patients. In contrast, patients with non-ACoA aneurysmal SAH took significantly more time in auditory (p=0.025) and visual continuous performance tests (p=0.028). The cognitive deficit following aneurysmal SAH could be characterized by its location using CNT. CONCLUSION: Using CNT in aneurysmal SAH patients could be a useful tool for evaluating the characteristics of cognitive impairment and planning rehabilitation programs according to each characteristic.
Aneurysm ; Arteries ; Depression ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Prospective Studies ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ; Verbal Learning

BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common complication in elderly patients with atrial septal defect (ASD). The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of the maze procedure in these patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between February 2000 and May 2011, 46 patients underwent the maze procedure as a concomitant operation with ASD closure. Three patients who underwent a right-sided maze were excluded, and one patient was lost to follow-up. The mean follow-up duration was 3.2+/-2.5 years. Electrocardiography was performed 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year after surgery, and checked annually after that. RESULTS: AF persisted in 4 patients after surgery. One year after surgery, among 38 patients, 55.3% remained in sinus rhythm without antiarrhythmic drugs. However, when including the patients who took antiarrhythmic drugs, 92.1% were in sinus rhythm. Freedom from AF recurrence at 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, 3 years, and 5 years after surgery were 97.4+/-2.6, 94.4+/-3.8, 91.2+/-4.9, 87.8+/-5.8, 79.5+/-7.6, and 68.2+/-12.4, respectively. There was no early mortality after operation. CONCLUSION: Concomitant treatment with the maze procedure and ASD closure is safe and effective for restoring the sinus rhythm.
Aged ; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents ; Atrial Fibrillation ; Electrocardiography ; Follow-Up Studies ; Freedom ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial ; Humans ; Lost to Follow-Up ; Recurrence ; Survival Analysis

Using Xenon inhalation method, the authers measured the rCBF's within 24 hours before and after the operation of 4 AVM patients. We found the obliteration of the cerebral steal syndrome in all cases and the loss of initial shunt peak in 2 cases after excision of AVM. We discussed these hemodynamic changes in AVM and reviewed the literatures.
Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Inhalation ; Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations* ; Xenon

Exenteraion in early infancy by a tumor and radiotherapy caused the contracted eye socket and Orbital hypoplasia. This result is because of the abscence of the conjunctival fornix and in severe contraction of orbital fat and developmental bone abnormalities. The authors corrected a contracted eye socket and orbital hypoplasia simultaneously, secondary to previous surgery and radiotherapy. A one-stage surgical reconstruction was undertaken using a radial osteocutaneous flap, which were transfered for eye socket reconstruction and orbital hypoplasia. Adipofascia and fragment of radius inserted as an hypoplastic orbit rim susbtitute to enlarge the orbital region. We report that we have experienced a case of eye socket reconstruction with a radial forearm osteocutaneous free flap.
Forearm* ; Free Tissue Flaps* ; Orbit* ; Radiotherapy ; Radius

Recently, brainstem auditory evoked potentials(BAEP;s) have been employed in many clinical situation as a sensitive electro-physiological parameter to assess the central auditory pathway and, indirectly, the integrity of brainstem functions. In this study, the author has recorded BAEP's in 17 patients with brainstem lesion who were admitted to the Department of neurosurgery, Kyung Hee University Hospital and analyses the abnormalities related with site of lesion by clinical signs and CT scan, and outcome and clinical course. The results are as followings: 1) In the patients suspected brainstem lesions, abnormalities of BAEP's, particularly BTT(brainstem transmission time) are very sensitive indicator to the diagnosis of brainstem lesions. 2) Abnormalities of BAEP's are useful in localizing the site of lesions within brainstem. 3) The patients with bilateral pathological BAEP's clearly have a poor prognosis compared with those with unilateral pathological BAEP's and the patients with flat wave form have the higher possibility of poor prognosis than those with prologation of latency or abnormal wave form. 4) There are significant correlation between changes of follow-up BAEP's and clinical course.
Auditory Pathways ; Brain Stem* ; Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Neurosurgery ; Prognosis ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed