Of the 11 advanced bladder cancer patients who received M-VAC (Methotrexate, Vinblastine, Doxorubicin and Cisplatin) combination chemotherapy, complete and partial remission were observed in 63.6%. Of the 17 advanced bladder cancer patients who received MAC (Methotrexate, Doxorubicin and Cisplatin) combination chemotherapy, complete and partial remissions were observed in 17%. Complete remission was achieved in 18.2% of the patients clinically, pathologically in M-VAC group and 5.9% in MAC group. Partial remission was occurred in 46.5% of the patients in M-VAC group and 41.2% in MAC group. All metastatic sites including the bone and liver, lung were well responded in M-VAC group, but poorly responded in MAC group. Toxicity was significant but tolerable.
Doxorubicin ; Drug Therapy, Combination* ; Humans ; Liver ; Lung ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder* ; Vinblastine

PURPOSE: Apoptosis is mediated by apoptosis-specific genes, certain oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Caspase-3, a group of cysteine proteases, ier in cases with intermediate (Gleason score 5-7) and high-grade (Gleason score 8-10) PCA than cases with BPH and low-grade PCA (Gleason score 2-4).
Adenocarcinoma* ; Apoptosis ; Caspase 3 ; Cysteine Proteases ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Neoplasm Grading ; Oncogenes ; Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis ; Prostate* ; Prostatic Hyperplasia*

BACKGROUND: The large volume of blood products are required during orthotopic liver transplantation. Any preoperative and intraoperative factors may influence the intraoperative blood products usage. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the demographic information, coagulation screens, thrombelastographic variables, and intraoperative blood requirements in 952 adult patients, who underwent orthotopic liver transplantation at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center between January 1992 and December 1995. A preoperative coagulation abnormality score (CAS) was calculated by assigning one point of each abnormal result of the coagulation tests (PT, aPTT, platelet count) and thrombelastographic variables (reaction time, alpha angle, maximal amplitude, clot lysis index). Intraoperatively, blood products and pharmacologic coagulation therapy were administered based on thrombelastographic and hemodynamic data. RESULTS: Underlying liver disease, retransplantation one month after the first transplantation, poor preoperative coagulation profiles were predictive of intraoperative blood usage. Age, preoperative PT >15 sec, and CAS were not predictive of intraoperative blood usage. The severe fibrinolysis during operation occurred. More blood products were required in patients with severe fibrinolysis. CONCLUSIONS: The understanding of preoperative and intraoperative factors affecting blood product requirements can help the management of blood component therapy during liver transplantation.
Adult ; Blood Platelets ; Fibrinolysis ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Liver Diseases ; Liver Transplantation* ; Liver* ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors*

No abstract available.
Cystadenoma*

No abstract available.
Cystadenoma*

Although metastatic renal cell carcinoma is not uncommon, metastases to the ureteral stump and bladder are very rare. A 69-year-old woman who had undergone radical nephrectomy because of right renal cell carcinoma about 8 years ago, visited our hospital for evaluation of painless gross hematuria. Histologic examination of the removed ureteral stump and bladder specimen demonstrated metastatic renal cell carcinoma. We report a case of renal cell carcinoma with metastases to the ureteral stump 5 years after radical nephrectomy and bladder 8 years after radical nephrectomy.
Aged ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell* ; Female ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Nephrectomy ; Ureter* ; Urinary Bladder*

This study was aimed to investigate the effects of indomethacin on physiologic root resorption and to examine the dental pulp and tissue changes around the resorbing teeth. 13-14 week old six mongrel dogs were divided into 3 groups; two experimental groups administered indomethacin 2 mg/kg/day and 8 mg/kg/day orally two times a day for 14 days respectively, and control group administered a placebo. The deciduous incisors showing root resorption were selected, fixed for 24 hrs in 10% formalin solution, demineralized in 10% EDTA solution, invested in paraffin and sectioned in 5 micrometer thick sections. The preparations were stained with H and E staining and Masson's trichrome staining and examined under the light microscope. Observation revealed that deciduous root resorbing tissue resembles inflammatory tissue and accompanies bone remodelling. The dental pulp was normal except the area near root resorption, well organized columnar odontoblasts layer under the predentin, and the odontoblasts near root resorption were cuboidal or flat cells in the disrupted layer under the predentin. Indomethacin administered group showed a partial decrease in the number of odontoclasts and nucleus. But there was no sign of pulp change by indomethacin. These results suggest that indomethacin inhibits recruitment of odontoclasts partially and that of osteoclasts more, and so when it is administered for long periods, deciduous root resorption can be delayed and eruption of the successor can be delayed for a short period.
Animals ; Dental Pulp ; Dogs* ; Edetic Acid ; Formaldehyde ; Incisor ; Indomethacin* ; Odontoblasts ; Osteoclasts ; Paraffin ; Root Resorption* ; Tooth ; Tooth, Deciduous*

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Neurobehavioral teratology is a term used for the postnatal effects on behavior of prenatal exposure to drug or to specific environment. Perinatal hypoxia is a major risk factor for development of behavioral abnormalities, such as cerebral palsy, mental retardation and learning disability. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of neonatal hypoxia on long-term changes of behavior and neurochemical system and to learn the role of 5-hyroxytryptamine(5-HT) in hypoxic stress. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats were grouped by hypoxia and/or 5-HT receptor antagonist treatment. Exposure to 100% N2 gas was done in postnatal day(PND) 2 for 12 minutes. NAN-190 HBr or ketanserin tartrate or both were injected intraperitoneally 30 minutes before exposure to hypoxic environment. Rats were weighed periodically and examined the eye opening. Wire maneuver test was done on PND 22. Between PND 40-55 and PND 63-84, explorative behavior test and Rota-Rod test were done serially. They were sacrificed in PND 100, and aminergic neurotransimitters and their metabolites were measured by High Performance Liquid Chromatography - Electrochemical Detection(HPLC ECD) system. Receptor binding assay was done using 8-OH-DPAT and ketanserin HCl in brain cortex. RESULTS: The group treated with 5-HT receptor antagonist and hypoxia showed higher death rate than 5-HT receptor antagonist or hypoxia alone. There were no differences in weight gain, eye opening, and the result of wire maneuver test among each groups. In explorative behavior test, NAN+N2 group in male and NAN group in female showed markedly increased activities. In Rota-Rod test, NAN and NAN+N2 groups in both male and female showed decreased motor coordination. There were no differences in the concentration of aminergic neurotransmitters and their metabolites, when measured in PND 100 according to the brain sites. There were no differences in pKd of 5-HT receptors measured on PND 100. But Bmax of 5-HT1A receptor were low in N2, NAN and NAN+N2 groups. NAN and NAN+N2 groups showed elevated Bmax of 5-HT2A/2C receptor. CONCLUSION: Exposure to hypoxia in neonatal period causes long-lasting neurobehavioral changes with neurochemical abnormalities, and 5-HT receptor activity has a role in that mechanism.
8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin ; Animals ; Anoxia ; Brain ; Cerebral Palsy ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Intellectual Disability ; Ketanserin ; Learning Disorders ; Male ; Mortality ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A ; Receptors, Serotonin ; Risk Factors ; Serotonin ; Teratology* ; Weight Gain

In this study, we examined if glucocorticoids are required for the fasting-induced decrease of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in the magnocellular division of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN). Rats were adrenalectomized, subjected to 48 h of food deprivation with/without dexamethasone (5 mg/ kg, 4 subcutaneous injections with 12 h intervals), and the brain slices were processed for NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH- d) staining, a histochemical marker for nNOS in neuronal cells. In food deprived adrenalectomized rats, but not in free fed intact rats, dexamethasone significantly decreased NADPH-d staining in the magnocellular PVN. We previously reported that food deprivation decreases nNOS in the magnocellular PVN of intact rats. Thus, the present results together with our previous report suggest that although glucocorticoids are required for fasting-induced nNOS down-regulation in the magnocellular PVN, glucocorticoids may not be directly involved and some other molecular signals produced by food deprivation may play a pivotal role over glucocorticoid in the regulatory pathway for nNOS expression in this brain region.
Adrenalectomy ; Animals ; Dexamethasone/pharmacology ; Down-Regulation ; Fasting/*metabolism ; Male ; NADPH Dehydrogenase/*analysis ; Nitric-Oxide Synthase/genetics ; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus/*enzymology ; Peptides/physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Weight Gain

To investigate the effects of neonatal stress on behavior and neurochemistry, rats were exposed to the footshock stress on postnatal day (PND) 14 or PNDs 14 and 21. Rats were exposed to uncontrollable electric shocks delivered to the floor with a constant current (0.8 mA) for 5 sec period. Daily sessions consisted of 60 trials on a random time schedule with an average of 55 sec. The first exposure to footshocks on PND 14 decreased body weight gain for 1 day. However, the second exposure to footshocks on PND 21 did not affect body weight gain. Exploratory activity was measured by exposing a rat to a novel environment 24 h after experience of footshocks. Similar to the body weight changes, a decreased activity was noted after the first exposure to footshocks, while no changed activity was noted after the second exposure to footshocks. However, the Bmax value of 5-HT2A/2C receptors in the cortex decreased by the second exposure to footshocks, but not by the first exposure to footshocks. Moreover, an autoradiographic study revealed that the density of (3H)dexamethasone binding in hippocampus decreased in rats exposed to footshocks 4 times during PND 14~20. These results suggest that the uncontrollable footshock stress changes 5-hydroxytryptamine and glucocorticoid receptor systems acutely and that the repeated exposure to the same stress may not elicit behavioral alterations by the compensatory activity of young brain although changes in some neurochemistry exist.
Animals ; Appointments and Schedules ; Behavior ; Body Weight ; Body Weight Changes ; Brain ; Exploratory Behavior* ; Hippocampus ; Neurochemistry ; Rats ; Receptors, Glucocorticoid ; Serotonin ; Shock