No abstract available.
Echocardiography, Doppler* ; Heart Defects, Congenital*

We compared the efficacy of each modality of treatment group in reducing the frequency of coronary artery abnormalities and change of clinical courses in children with Kawasaki disease in the children of 81 cases who were admitted in pediatric department of Yeungnam University Hospital from September 1985 to August 1990. Group A (37 cases)-aspirin alone, Group B (44 cases)-intravenous gammaglobulin (400 mmg/kg/day) for 5 consecutive days, plus aspirin. We studied the frequency of echocardiographic abnormalities, the duration of fever, and changes in the total white blood cell counts, platelet counts, ESR and CRP value at 1, 2 and 3 weeks of the illness and compared the results between the two groups. The results were as follows. 1) There was no significant intergroup difference in age and sex ratio. 2)The duration of the febrile period after the initiation of the therapy was significant shorter in group B (2.5±1.2days) than in group A: (5.2±3.5 days) (p<0.01). 3) No significant difference was noticed in the WBC and platelet counts in two groups as measured at admission day, 1 and 2 weeks of the illness, however, at 3weeks of illness significant difference was noted. 4) The CRP values measured at 1,2 and 3 weeks after treatment were significantly lower in group B (2.42±1.8, 2.00±1.2, 1.16±1.0) than in group A (7.22±5.3, 5.25±3.9, 1.85±1.2) respectively (p<0.01). 5) In 2D-Echocardiogram, coronary artery dilatation was more frequent in Group A than in Group B at 6month of illness (p<0.01). In conclusion, intravenous gammaglobulin therapy was effective in the shortening of the duration of fever and in the anti-inflammatory action and somewhat effective in prevention of coronary artery aneurysm.
Aneurysm ; Aspirin* ; Child ; Coronary Vessels ; Dilatation ; Echocardiography ; Fever ; Humans ; Leukocyte Count ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome* ; Platelet Count ; Sex Ratio

We retrospectively reviewed the MRI findings of 100 temporomandibular joints in 78 patients who had complained temporomandibular joint dysfunction. MRI findings were classified according to Wilke's staging criteria. And these findings were compared with arthrographic findings in 22 joints and surgical findings in 44 joints. According to Wilkes's staging. They were classified into 6 stages of abnormality: stage 0 (33 cases), stage I (19 cases), stage II (10 cases), stage III (18 cases), stage IV (6cases), stage V (14 cases). Among the 22 cases in which arthrography and MRI were done, both studies were well correlated in 10 joints. In 7 joints, MRI was superior to arthrography, which correctly demonstrated the meniscal displacement in 2 joints and . Meniscal deformity in 5 joints. In 5 joints, arthrography was superior to MR, which demonstrated the perforation (1 joint), adhesion (2 joint) and recapture of meniscus (2 joints). Compared with surgical findings, MRI correctly demonstrated the displacement of meniscus in all 44 joints. However, in case of the 10 meniscal perforation, MRI demonstrated the meniscal discontinuity in only 4 joints. Retrospective MR findings in 10 proven cases were the defect in posterior attachment in 4, far anterior meniscal displacement without recapture in 8m condylar spur in 4, and close bone to bone contact in 1. In conclusion, MRI as a primary Fiagnostic modality of temporomandibular joint derangment, is superior for the grading of displacement and deformity of meniscus but inferior for the evaluation of perforation, adhesion and recapture of meniscus to conventional arthrography. In case of the suspected meniscal perforation, arthrographic correlation is recommanded preoperatively.
Arthrography ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Humans ; Joints ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Retrospective Studies ; Temporomandibular Joint*

To analyse the age of onset, etiologic microorganisms, clinical manifestations, managements and genetic variation of chromic granulomatous disease, the authors reviewed four patients who were diagnosed as CGD at Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National Univesity Children's Hospital. They were siblings in relationship-two of them were brothers, the others were brother-sister. @ES The results were as follows; 1) Initial manifestations developed within 1 year old, and lymphadenopathy associated with BCG vaccination was the most common. 2) In culture study of micro-organism, catalase positive microorganisms such as Staphylococcus aureus, Serratia marcescens, Coagulase (-) Staphylococcus, Enterococcus, Proleus vulgaris, Klebsiella pneumoniae, E. coli and fungus such as Candida albicans were isolated. In 2 cases, culture study revealed no growth. 3) Fever, lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly, suppurative dermatitis and pneumonia were the most common manifestations. In most of cases, antituberculous medications were administered under the impression of tuberculosis without response. 4) Immunologic screening tests including B-cell system, T-cell system, and complement system were within normal limit except NBT test. 5) In spite of severe infections, NBT scores of all the cases were less than those of controls. Liver biopsies of 3 cases showed granuloma formation with characteristic yellow brown pigment-laden macrophages.
Age of Onset ; B-Lymphocytes ; Biopsy ; Candida albicans ; Catalase ; Coagulase ; Complement System Proteins ; Dermatitis ; Enterococcus ; Fever ; Fungi ; Genetic Variation ; Granuloma ; Hepatomegaly ; Humans ; Klebsiella pneumoniae ; Liver ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Macrophages ; Mass Screening ; Mycobacterium bovis ; Pediatrics ; Pneumonia ; Seoul ; Serratia marcescens ; Siblings ; Staphylococcus ; Staphylococcus aureus ; T-Lymphocytes ; Tuberculosis ; Vaccination

To evaluate the regional differences in the stereometric parameters of optic nerve head in primary open angle glaucoma, we retrieved rim area, disc area, cup volume/disc area, and maximum depth in 6 predefined segements using mean topography measured with Heidelberg Retina Tomograph. Eleven eyes from 11 primary open angle glaucoma patients, whose mean defect in Humphrey C30-2 visual field was -4.2 +/- 2.6dB and intraocular pressure was 18.7 +/- 3.2mmHg, were enrolled in this study. The values of rim area/disc area were significantly different between segments(p<0.05), and increased in the order of temporal. temporoinferior, temporosuperior, nasal nasosuperior, and nasoinferior segment. The values of cup volume/disc area were also significantly different between segments(p<0.05), and decreased in the order of temporoinferior, temporosuperior, temporal, nasosuperior, nasal, and nasoinferior segment. However, the values of maximum depth were not significantly different between segments. These results suggest that optic nerve head damage in primary open angle glaucoma may be different according to the region.
Glaucoma, Open-Angle* ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Optic Disk* ; Optic Nerve* ; Retina ; Visual Fields

A clinical analysis was done on 134 cases with bronchial asthma who were admitted to the Department of Pediatrics Yeungnam University from May 1987 to October 1991. The results were as follows: 1) The peak age of bronchial asthma was under 2 years. The sex ratio of male to female was 2.9:1. 2) The outbreak of bronchial asthma was most common in fall, especially in September. 3) The past history of other allergic diseases were present in 22.4% of patients (30/134 cases), and the previous bronchiolitis in infancy were experienced in 12.7% of patients (17/134 cases). 4) According to the skin test for allergens done by RAST, the most common allergens were Mites and House dust. 5) Eosinophilia (T.E.C>250/min) was found in 29.1%t of patients, and elevated lgE level (>200 IU/ml) was found in 63.2% of patients. 6) No significant differences in the serum lgE level were found between male and female patients. No significant differences in the serum lgE level were found between asthma patients with and without other allergic diseases. 7) The serum lgE level of school aged patients was significant higher than that of preschool aged (p<0.01).
Allergens ; Asthma* ; Bronchiolitis ; Dust ; Eosinophilia ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mites ; Pediatrics ; Sex Ratio ; Skin Tests

Lesions of the skull vault are often incidentally encountered during in plain radiography, CT, and MR imaging of the brain and benign lesions are more common than primary malignancies. The usefulness of plain skull films is limited, but when combined with CT or MRI, there is a high probability of accurate diagnosis. The aim of this essay is to describe a wide range of cranial lesions and to illustrate their distinguishing features.
Brain ; Diagnosis ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Radiography ; Skull*

The number of post-irradiated surgical specimen appears to have risen in recent years due to the increasing utiliz ation of radiotherapy for cancer patients. Radiation therapy damages cells by its effects on the deoxyribonucleic acid and the spectrum of injury ranges from acute self-limited lesion to irreversible chronic lesion. We reviewed 24 cases of post-irradiated specimen and thought that time interval is the main factor influencing the morphologic change. Within six weeks, the individual cytologic changes such as biz arre nuclei, altered nucleus/cytoplasm ratio, amphophilic and vacuolated cytoplasm are noted. Chronic injury resulting from progressive changes in the fibrovascular tissue of the radiated area occur in six months after the initial course of radiation and the vascular changes of intimal thickening and fibrosis, foamy histiocytes within media, periadventital fibrosis and chronic inflammatory cells infiltration are present. Althouhg above mentioned finding are not pathognomonic, we thought them quite constant nd reproducible characteristics of radiation injury.

Purpose: The ideal neurourophysiologic investigatory technique would objectively and quantitatively evaluate functional status of all parts of the neurologic network involved in obtaining and maintaining penile erection. We assessed electrical activity of the corpus cavernous smooth muscle in normal and neurogenic erectile dysfunction men using SPACE. Material and Methods: A total of 39 normal subjects and 40 neurogenic erectile dysfunction patients underwent single potential analysis of cavernous electricity(SPACE) with a 2-channel EMG amplifier and surface electrodes. The electrical potentials were processed with the cut off frequencies at 0.3 - 32 Hz, a paper speed of 0.5cm/sec, and a range of amplitude of 0.5mV. Results: In 35 of 39 normal subjects(89.7%) and 5 of 10 incomplete suprasacral spinal cord injury patients, similar single potentials of uniform shape were recorded. In patients with peripheral autonomic denervation, irregular shape potentials with higher frequency and lower amplitude were found. In 3 of 5 patients with long standing diabetes(over 15 years), SPACE shows electrical silence. Conclusion: These results suggest that SPACE test is a useful noninvasive and reproducible method for evaluating cavernous innervation in erectile dysfunction. Furthermore, the single potential means intact cavernous innervation.
Autonomic Denervation ; Electrodes ; Erectile Dysfunction ; Humans ; Male ; Muscle, Smooth* ; Penile Erection ; Spinal Cord Injuries

Neonatal urologic urgencies are any genitourinary condition during the 1st month of life that jeopardizes the gonads, the kidneys, or the life of the infant if there is a delay in either diagnosis or treatment. Since 1991, we have experienced 41 cases of neonatal urologic urgencies. Of 41 cases, 23 were detected prenatally. Male to female distribution was 29 to 12. The initial symptoms or signs at presentation were antenatal hydronephrosis in 21, fever in 10, scrotal mass in 5. The rest 5 were 1 abdominal mass, 1 cystic adrenal mass, 1 absence of kidney, 1 abnormal micturition and 1 jaundice. The final diagnosis were 1 neuroblastoma, 2 multicystic dysplastic kidney, 1 multicystic dysplastic kidney and contralateral UPJO, 2 unilateral transient hydronephrosis, 3 bilateral transient hydronephrosis, 1 unilateral renal hypoplasia and contralateral hydronephrosis, 1 unilateral and 2 bilateral UPJO, 1 renal agenesis, 5 complete duplicate ureter, 3 primary megaureter, 1 unilateral UVJ0, 2 unilateral and 9 bilateral VUR, 1 PUV, 1 congenital megalourethra with bilateral hydronephrosis, 1 acute epididymitis, 3 torsion of spermatic cord, 1 cystic teratoma. Surgical treatment was performed in 26 and conservative management in 15. Since it has been reported 2/3 of all infant deaths occur during the 1st year of life, especially most are during the neonatal period, we believe it is crucial that urologists be involved in the care of newly born infants and be alert to the clues of underlying genitourinary abnormalities or diseases because the least easily recognizable urologic abnormality may be the one that requires the most immediate attention in the neonate.
Diagnosis ; Epididymitis ; Female ; Fever ; Gonads ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Jaundice ; Kidney ; Male ; Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney ; Neuroblastoma ; Spermatic Cord ; Teratoma ; Ureter ; Urination ; Urogenital Abnormalities