No abstract available.
Cicatrix* ; Contracture* ; Forearm* ; Hand*

No abstract available.
Cicatrix* ; Contracture* ; Forearm* ; Hand*

No abstract available.

The authors experienced one case of Gronblad-Strandberg syndrome with subretinal neovascularization which showed characteristic signs of pseudoxanthoma elasticum(PXE) and angioid streak. PXE is an uncommon hereditary disorder which involves the elastic tissue of the dermis and may also involve the eye and the cardiovascular system. Angioid streaks are red or dark-brown jagged irregular lines extending in spoke like fashion toward periphery from an area of peripapillary atrophy. We report a case of Gronblad-Strandberg syndrome with subretinal neovasculari zation in a 49 year old korean female.
Angioid Streaks ; Atrophy ; Cardiovascular System ; Dermis ; Elastic Tissue ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Electromyography*

PURPOSE: This study aimed to identify the best way of developing equivalent item sets and to propose a stable and effective managementplan for periodical licensing examinations. METHODS: Five pre-equated item sets were developed based on the predicted correct answer rate of each item using linear programming. These pre-equated item sets were compared to the ones that were developed with a random item selection method based on the actual correct answer rate (ACAR) and difficulty from item response theory (IRT). The results with and without common items were also compared in the same way. ACAR and the IRT difficulty were used to determine whether there was a significant difference between the pre-equating conditions. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference in IRT difficulty among the results from different pre-equated conditions. The predicted correct answer rate was divided using 2 or 3 difficulty categories, and the ACAR and IRT difficulty parameters of the 5 item sets were equally constructed. Comparing the item set conditions with and without common items, including common items did not make a significant contribution to the equating of the 5 item sets. CONCLUSION This study suggested that the linear programming method is applicable to construct equated-item sets that reflect each content area. The suggested best method to construct equated item sets is to divide the predicted correct answer rate using 2 or 3 difficulty categories, regardless of common items. If pre-equated item sets are required to construct a test based on the actual data, several methods should be considered by simulation studies to determine which is optimal before administering a real test.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to identify the best way of developing equivalent item sets and to propose a stable and effective management plan for periodical licensing examinations. METHODS: Five pre-equated item sets were developed based on the predicted correct answer rate of each item using linear programming. These pre-equated item sets were compared to the ones that were developed with a random item selection method based on the actual correct answer rate (ACAR) and difficulty from item response theory (IRT). The results with and without common items were also compared in the same way. ACAR and the IRT difficulty were used to determine whether there was a significant difference between the pre-equating conditions. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference in IRT difficulty among the results from different pre-equated conditions. The predicted correct answer rate was divided using 2 or 3 difficulty categories, and the ACAR and IRT difficulty parameters of the 5 item sets were equally constructed. Comparing the item set conditions with and without common items, including common items did not make a significant contribution to the equating of the 5 item sets. CONCLUSION: This study suggested that the linear programming method is applicable to construct equated-item sets that reflect each content area. The suggested best method to construct equated item sets is to divide the predicted correct answer rate using 2 or 3 difficulty categories, regardless of common items. If pre-equated item sets are required to construct a test based on the actual data, several methods should be considered by simulation studies to determine which is optimal before administering a real test.
Licensure ; Methods ; Programming, Linear

PURPOSE: Viagra(sildenafil citrate) is a new oral medication that selectively inhibits phsphodiestarase-5(PDE5) in the corpus cavernosum to facilitate penile erection for the treatment for male impotence. We report a case of retinal hemorrhage associated with Viagra intake. METHOD: A 71-year-old male without known systemic disease visited with suddenly decreased visual acuity of 4 days duration in the Rt. eye. He intermittenly took 2 tablets of Viagra(50 mg) during 2 months and the symptom occurred 2 days after his last taking of Viagra. His corrected visual acuity was 0.3 in the Rt. eye and 1.0 in the Lt. eye. Several ophthalmologic examination was performed. RESULTS: Fundus exam revealed multiple dot hemorrhage with corresponding block fluorescence in the superior area of macula and superotemporal area of posterior pole. Inferonasal area visual field defect was detected by Goldmann perimetry and ERG finding was decreased maximal scotopic b wave ampitude. Ten weeks later, retinal hemorrhage was almost absorbed, but visual field defect and visual acuity did not improve.
Aged ; Erectile Dysfunction ; Fluorescence ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Male ; Penile Erection ; Retinal Hemorrhage* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Tablets ; Visual Acuity ; Visual Field Tests ; Visual Fields ; Sildenafil Citrate

No abstract available.
Nickel ; Titanium