No abstract available.
Humans*

No abstract available.
Humans*

Purpose: This study aims to design that using formative assessment as an instructional strategy in real-time online classes, and to explore the application of Bloom’s taxonomy in the development of formative assessment items. Methods: We designed the instruction using formative assessment in real-time online classes, developed the items of formative assessment, analyzed the items statistically, and investigated students' perceptions of formative assessment through a survey. Results: It is designed to consist of 2–3 learning outcomes per hour of class and to conduct the formative assessment with 1–2 items after the lecture for each learning outcome. Formative assessment was 31 times in the physiology classes (total 48 hours) of three basic medicine integrated. There were nine “knowledge” items, 40 “comprehension” items, and 55 “application” items. There were 33 items (31.7%) with a correct rate of 80% or higher, which the instructor thought was appropriate. As a result of the survey on students’ perceptions of formative assessment, they answered that it was able to concentrate on the class and that it was helpful in achieving learning outcomes. Conclusion The students focused during class because they had to take formative assessment immediately after the learning outcome lecture. “Integration of lesson and assessments” was maximized by solving the assessment items as well as through the instructor’s immediate explanation of answers. Through formative assessment, the students were able to utilize metacognition by learning what content they understood or did not understand. Items that consider Bloom’s taxonomy allow students to remember, understand, and apply to clinical contexts.

Purpose: This study aims to design that using formative assessment as an instructional strategy in real-time online classes, and to explore the application of Bloom’s taxonomy in the development of formative assessment items. Methods: We designed the instruction using formative assessment in real-time online classes, developed the items of formative assessment, analyzed the items statistically, and investigated students' perceptions of formative assessment through a survey. Results: It is designed to consist of 2–3 learning outcomes per hour of class and to conduct the formative assessment with 1–2 items after the lecture for each learning outcome. Formative assessment was 31 times in the physiology classes (total 48 hours) of three basic medicine integrated. There were nine “knowledge” items, 40 “comprehension” items, and 55 “application” items. There were 33 items (31.7%) with a correct rate of 80% or higher, which the instructor thought was appropriate. As a result of the survey on students’ perceptions of formative assessment, they answered that it was able to concentrate on the class and that it was helpful in achieving learning outcomes. Conclusion The students focused during class because they had to take formative assessment immediately after the learning outcome lecture. “Integration of lesson and assessments” was maximized by solving the assessment items as well as through the instructor’s immediate explanation of answers. Through formative assessment, the students were able to utilize metacognition by learning what content they understood or did not understand. Items that consider Bloom’s taxonomy allow students to remember, understand, and apply to clinical contexts.

Laryngeal schwannoma is extremely rare. We report the CT and MRI findings of a case occurring in a 65-year-oldwoman, and describe the pathologic correlation. Pre-contrast CT scanning revealed a right supraglot-tic mass witha slightly hyperdense central part and a hypodense peripheral part. Post-contrast CT scanning re-vealed anenhanced hyperdense central part and a rim-like hypodense peripheral part. The density of the pe-ripheral part waslower than that of muscle. The mass showed homogeneous low signal intensity on T1-weighted MR images, homogeneoushigh signal intensity on T2-weighted MR images, and an enhanced high signal intensity central part and a lowsignal intensity peripheral part on gadolinium enhanced T1-weighted images. The enhanced central part correlatedwith Antoni A areas and the peripheral part, showing low attenuation, correlated with Antoni B areas.
Gadolinium ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neurilemmoma* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

A 59-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of occipital headache and multiple cranial nerve dysfunction. The patient had been suffered from chronic otitis media. MRI of the brain showed a thickened and markedly enhanced dura mater in the temporal lobe. The patient underwent a left temporal craniectomy and dural biopsy. Histopathological examination revealed thickened duar amter infiltrated with giant cell, lymphocytic and plasma cell infiltration. The fungus, acid-fast and PAS stains were all negative. After administraion of steroid, cranial nerve disturbances and headache improved. The cause of the hypertrophpic intracranial pachymeningitis in this patient was thought to be related with the chronic otitis media, although the clinical course of the patient was similar to the idiopathic hypertrophic pachymeningitis.
Biopsy ; Brain ; Coloring Agents ; Cranial Nerves ; Dura Mater ; Female ; Fungi ; Giant Cells ; Headache ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Meningitis* ; Middle Aged ; Otitis Media* ; Otitis* ; Plasma Cells ; Temporal Lobe

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to review the clinical features, treatments and prognosis of the borderline malignant tumors of the ovary. METHODS: Thirty-two patients with borderline malignant tumors of the ovary were admitted, operated and confirmed with postoperative histopathological study at department of obstetrics and gynecology, Yonsei University Wonju Christian Hospital. The data were collected retrospectively and all charts were reviewed. RESULTS: The incidence of borderline malignant ovarian tumor was 19.2% (32/167). Age distribution revealed between 18 and 77 years old, the mean age was 43.1 years old. As for the parity distribution of borderline malignant tumor, nulliparity was most common (43.8%). The most common chief complaint was abdominal distension (34.4%). Histologic subtypes were mucinous in 19 cases (59.4%), serous in 13 cases (40.6%). According to FIGO classification, 28 cases (87.5%) were stage I, 1 case (3.1%) was stage II, 3 cases (9.4%) were stage III. Sixteen cases (50%) underwent conservative surgery (unilateral salpingooophorectomy or cystectomy). Sixteen cases (50%) were treated with total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingooophorectomy. Fifteen cases (46.9%) received adjuvant postoperative chemotherapy. Excluding 5 cases lost to follow up, patients were alive and were followed from 9 months to 100 months. (mean 36 months).
Age Distribution ; Aged ; Classification ; Drug Therapy ; Female ; Gangwon-do ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Incidence ; Lost to Follow-Up ; Mucins ; Obstetrics ; Ovary* ; Parity ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to review the clinical features, treatments and prognosis of the borderline malignant tumors of the ovary. METHODS: Thirty-two patients with borderline malignant tumors of the ovary were admitted, operated and confirmed with postoperative histopathological study at department of obstetrics and gynecology, Yonsei University Wonju Christian Hospital. The data were collected retrospectively and all charts were reviewed. RESULTS: The incidence of borderline malignant ovarian tumor was 19.2% (32/167). Age distribution revealed between 18 and 77 years old, the mean age was 43.1 years old. As for the parity distribution of borderline malignant tumor, nulliparity was most common (43.8%). The most common chief complaint was abdominal distension (34.4%). Histologic subtypes were mucinous in 19 cases (59.4%), serous in 13 cases (40.6%). According to FIGO classification, 28 cases (87.5%) were stage I, 1 case (3.1%) was stage II, 3 cases (9.4%) were stage III. Sixteen cases (50%) underwent conservative surgery (unilateral salpingooophorectomy or cystectomy). Sixteen cases (50%) were treated with total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingooophorectomy. Fifteen cases (46.9%) received adjuvant postoperative chemotherapy. Excluding 5 cases lost to follow up, patients were alive and were followed from 9 months to 100 months. (mean 36 months).
Age Distribution ; Aged ; Classification ; Drug Therapy ; Female ; Gangwon-do ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Incidence ; Lost to Follow-Up ; Mucins ; Obstetrics ; Ovary* ; Parity ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: In this study, we examined the anatomic characteristics of the distal femur and the proximal tibia to determine if there were significant differences between male and female patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy six patients (50 of female, 26 of male) who were treated by total knee arthroplasty using ROBODOC(R), were included. The anteroposterior and mediolateral length of the distal femur and proximal tibia were checked using the ORTHODOC program. RESULTS: The mean sizes of the distal femur and proximal tibia of female knees were slightly smaller than those of male knees. Statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups (p<0.05 for all). On the other hand, the anteroposterior and mediolateral ratios of distal femur and proximal tibia revealed no differences between female and male knees (p>0.05 for all). CONCLUSION: The anteroposterior to mediolateral ratio was similar in the distal femur and proximal tibia of Korean females.
Arthroplasty ; Female ; Femur ; Hand ; Humans ; Knee ; Korea ; Male ; Tibia

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of Metadate CD (MCD) when given to Korean children and adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We also explored the effects of the drug on diverse neurocognitive functions. METHODS: Ninety-one subjects with ADHD (mean age 8.6+/-2.2 years) were recruited at 6 outpatient clinics in Seoul, Korea. We used the ADHD Rating Scale (ARS), Clinical Global Impression (CGI), and comprehensive attention test (CAT) to measure the drug's effects. RESULTS: After 0.92+/-0.32mg/kg/day of MCD were administered for 57.4+/-7.6 days, there was a 48.5% reduction in the mean total ARS scores (p<.001). Fifty-seven subjects (64.8%) showed either much improved or very much improved outcomes on the CGI-Improvement scale. The CGI-Severity scale also decreased from an average of 4.7 to an average of 2.9 (p<.001). Errors and response time standard deviations of the CAT, sustained attention test-to-response tasks, the flanker test, and divided attention test scores decreased after treatment (p<.05). The forward memory span of the spatial working memory test scores increased (p<.05). Thirty-five patients (39.8%) experienced side effects, of which the most common were headache (14.8%), nausea (12.5%), and anorexia (9.1%). CONCLUSION: This open-label study suggests that MCD is effective and safe in improving the symptoms and neurocognitive functions of Korean children and adolescents with ADHD.
Adolescent ; Ambulatory Care Facilities ; Animals ; Anorexia ; Cats ; Child ; Corneal Dystrophies, Hereditary ; Headache ; Humans ; Korea ; Memory ; Memory, Short-Term ; Methylphenidate ; Nausea ; Reaction Time