9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene ; Animals ; Carcinogenesis ; Carcinoma in Situ ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cricetinae ; Cytoplasm ; Epigenomics ; Epithelium ; Islands ; Mineral Oil ; Mouth Neoplasms ; Mucous Membrane ; Prognosis ; Transforming Growth Factor alpha ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; Transforming Growth Factors

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of plasma sprayed hydroxyapatite(HA) coating on bone ingrowth into fiber-mesh coated titanium implant. The shear strength of the HA coatings on interface attachment, the degree of osseointegration of HA coated implants and bone ingrowth of fiber-mesh coated titanium implants were evaluated. The implants were placed transcortically in the femora of mature dogs and evaluated after six weeks. The pushout test showed 33.58±10.87 MPa in HA-coated fiber meshed implants and 20.53±4.91 MPa in fiber-mesh coated implants. In histologic observations, similar quantitative results in the amount of bone ingrowth and osseointegration on both systems. The HA coatings showed direct osseointegration and bone ingrowth on its surface and fiber-mesh without fibrous layer, but the fiber-mesh only coatings showed thin fibrous layer between the ingrown bone and titanium surface. In conclusion, HA-coating on fiber-mesh coated implant provided earlier and stronger osseointegration and bone ingrowth than fiber-mesh only coated implant.
Animals ; Dogs ; Durapatite ; Osseointegration ; Plasma ; Shear Strength ; Titanium

Average anteversion of the femur is 15.3 degree. Ultrasound, computerized tomogram, and three dimensional reconstruction from CT or MRI have been used for more accurate measurement of the anteversion. There are two methods in measuing anteversion angle from CT scan:one is by drawing a mid line through long axis of the femoral neck (conventional method). Another is by drawing a line from the center of the head to that of the neck at the base of the trochanter using several cut slices (Murphy’s method). We compared these methods with fluoroscopic measurement of the Anteversion. We traced the change of the anteversion before and after closed femoral intramedullary (IMO) nailing to evaluate the origin of malrotation of the femur. 1. Normal anteversion angles were measured in 15 cases. Average anteversion angle was 6.9 degrees by conventional method, 12.3 degrees by Murphy’s method, and 12.2 degrees by fluoroscope. 2. Anteversion angles were measured after IM nailing in 18 cases. Average was 17 degrees by Murphy’s method and 15.2 degrees by fluoroscope. Mean of difference between these two methods sea 6.3 degrees. That was 1.7 degrees in normal side. 3. Change of the anteversion angle between before and after IM nailing was measured in 17 cases by fluoroscope. Average anteversion angle before the operation was 11.9 degrees and it was change to 15.8 degrees after operation. Mean of these change was 7.1 degrees. 4. Pereperative traction provides important information on change of anteversion. Reduction excessive flexion of proximal fragment was a origin of change of anteversion during nailing procedure. Conclusion : Malrotation of the femur after IM nailing must be keep in mind and it may be preventable by fluoroscopic control of the rotation in nailing procedure.
Femur ; Femur Neck ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; Head ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Methods ; Neck ; Traction ; Ultrasonography

We live in a world where daily exposure to environmental chemicals is inevitable. Many studies point to environmental chemicals a major cause of neurological diseases. Properly intervening in and managing the exposure requires up-to-date information about neurotoxic chemicals that may lead to neurological disorders. The recent literature on the neurotoxic effects of environmental chemicals was reviewed, including both animal and human studies. Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and autism are closely associated with environmental chemicals such as polychlorinated biphenys (PCBs), dioxins, polybrominated biphenyl ethers (PBDE), and perfluoroalkyls. There is strong evidence linking environmental chemical exposure to neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases. In particular, it is important to pay close attention to a high risk-age group where the window of exposure is critical to causing neurological disease.
Alzheimer Disease ; Animals ; Autistic Disorder ; Dioxins ; Endocrine Disruptors ; Ether ; Ethers ; Humans ; Nervous System Diseases ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; Parkinson Disease

No abstract available.
Acanthoma*

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of 0.15% brimonidine tartrate ophthalmic solution spray on the luminal changes in the nasolacrimal excretory system. METHODS: A prospective study was performed on 52 eyes in 26 patients complaining of epiphora in both eyes. The randomly-assigned 26 test eyes (cases) received spray of the solution through the nasal cavity, and the other 26 eyes (controls) were irrigated with the same drug through the inferior calnaliculus. Dacryocystography was then performed to observe the luminal changes jn the nasolacrimal excretory system, patient symptoms and physiologic drainage functions. RESULTS: The changes in lumen width of the nasolacrimal duct (NLD) were noted, and the changes in lumen width of the lacrimal sac were not significant in either mode. The upper and middle parts of the NLD were widened more in the irrigation group, and the lower part of the NLD was widened more in the spray group. Though there was no significant difference in the physiologic drainage functions, the patients in both groups reported reduced symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Brimonidine tartrate spray altered the width of the NLD and improved the subjective symptoms of patients. Therefore, the spray can be applied in functional NLD obstruction patients before the surgical procedure.
Drainage ; Eye ; Humans ; Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases ; Nasal Cavity ; Nasolacrimal Duct ; Phenobarbital ; Prospective Studies ; Quinoxalines ; Brimonidine Tartrate

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify factors in the clinical learning environment that affect clinical practice stress and anxiety in nursing students. METHODS: Participants were 210 senior nursing students from two universities who had completed their clinical experience. Data were collected from self-report questionnaires and analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis with the SPSS/WIN 21.0 Program. RESULTS: The mean scores for the clinical learning environment, the clinical practice stress, and anxiety were 3.16+/-0.68, 2.98+/-0.66, and 43.74+/-10.18 points, respectively. The regression analysis showed that the clinical learning environment contributed to 13% of the stress and 20% of the anxiety in the nursing students with the conditions controlled for general characteristics, department satisfaction and social support. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that the clinical learning environment should be carefully assessed to reduce nursing students' stress and anxiety from clinical practice. Therefore, collaboration between nursing universities and teaching hospitals is necessary to optimize clinical learning environment.
Anxiety* ; Cooperative Behavior ; Education, Nursing ; Hospitals, Teaching ; Humans ; Learning* ; Nursing* ; Students, Nursing*

No abstract available.
Angiotensin II* ; Angiotensins* ; Animals ; Endocrine System* ; Rats*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Wilms Tumor*