No abstract available.
Female ; Humans ; Urodynamics* ; Uterine Prolapse*

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Urodynamics*

OBJECTIVE: 6-Gingerol, one component of ginger (Zingiber officinale) compound, has been known to possess anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-emetic, and anti-cancer effects. In this study, the apoptotic ability of 6-gingerol was investigated in human prostate cancer cells. METHODS: 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)- 2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, flow cytometry, and western blot analysis were done in LNCaP human prostate cancer cell lines treated with the various doses of 6-gingerol for the different durations of drug exposure. RESULTS: 6-Gingerol in doses ranging from 100 to 300 microM induced dose- and time-dependent inhibition of cell viability in prostate cancer cells by using MTT assay. Maximal inhibition of cell viability was observed at 300 microM of 6-gingerol for 48 hours treatment in LNCaP cells. 6-Gingerol at the dose of 100 microM did not produce any significant change in apoptotic cells in flow cytometry analysis. However, significant increase in sub-G0/G1 phase was observed in cells treated with 200 and 300 microM of 6-gingerol. Any significant cell cycle arrest was not induced by 6-gingerol. In western blotting analysis, expression of caspase-3 was not evident in cells treated with 6-gingerol for 24 hours. However, 48 hours treatment with 6-gingerol altered the expression of caspase-3 in LNCaP cells. Expression of cleaved poly showed the dose-dependent fashion in both 24 hours and 48 hours treatment of 6-gingerol. CONCLUSION: These observations suggest that 6-gingerol may induce apoptosis in LNCaP human prostate cancer cells.
Apoptosis ; Blotting, Western ; Caspase 3 ; Catechols ; Cell Cycle Checkpoints ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival ; Fatty Alcohols ; Flow Cytometry ; Ginger ; Humans ; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases ; Prostate ; Prostatic Neoplasms

PURPOSE: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostatitis may present similar clinical manifestations, although the severity of their symptoms is different. The differences between BPH patients with prostatitis and those without prostatitis were evaluated to help select appropriate therapeutic modalities and predict the prognosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 50 patients with BPH who were not associated with a neurogenic bladder, urethral stricture, diabetes, urinary tract infection or a previous prostate operation were studied. Of the 50 patients, 27 patients were free of prostatitis, and 23 patients had prostatitis. The mean ages of the two groups were 65.9+/-7.3 and 60+/-8.3 years, respectively. The evaluation was performed using the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), uroflowmetry, the residual urine volume and urodynamic studies. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney test and the chi-square scales. RESULTS: According to the IPSS, the straining score was 4.3+/-1.0/3.2+/-1.8 (p<0.05) and the urgency score was 2.4+/- 1.9/3.8+/-1.1 (p<0.05) in BPH patients without or with prostatitis. In the L-PURR, grade 3 and higher, which indicated moderate to severe obstruction, was found in 10 patients with BPH alone (37.1%) and 6 patients with BPH associated with prostatitis (26.1%) (p<0.05). Detrusor instability was identified in 22% (6/27) of patients with BPH alone and 56.5% (13/23) of those with prostatitis (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: BPH patients associated with prostatitis had considerably more irritative symptoms, non-obstructive patterns and detrusor instability than those without prostatitis. These findings suggest that the relief of an obstruction by means of surgery alone should be reconsidered when treating BPH with prostatitis.
Humans ; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms* ; Prognosis ; Prostate ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; Prostatitis* ; Urethral Stricture ; Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic ; Urinary Tract Infections ; Urodynamics* ; Weights and Measures

The incidence of kidney cancer has been rising over the past two decades, especially in cases in which the disease is localized and small in size (<4 cm). This rise is mainly due to the widespread use of routine abdominal imaging such as ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Early detection was initially heralded as an opportunity to cure an otherwise lethal disease. However, despite increasing rates of renal surgery in parallel to this trend, mortality rates from renal cell carcinoma have remained relatively unchanged. Moreover, data suggest that a substantial proportion of small renal masses are benign. As a result, the management of small renal masses has continued to evolve along two basic themes: it has become less radical and less invasive. These shifts are in part a reflection of an improved understanding that the biology of incidentally discovered renal cell carcinoma may be more indolent than previously thought. However, not all small renal masses are indolent, and de novo metastatic disease can develop at the initial presentation. Therefore, it is with this background of clinical uncertainty and biological heterogeneity that clinicians must interpret the benefits and disadvantages of various clinical approaches to small renal masses.
Biology ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; Incidence ; Kidney Neoplasms ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Nephrectomy ; Population Characteristics ; Uncertainty ; Watchful Waiting

Purpose: Preliminary data suggest that muscle precursor cells (MPCs) play a role in the repair of injured tissues by responding to the release of unknown growth factors, which subsequently induce their differentiation toward a given lineage, such as a nerve cell. The author explored the potential use of these cells for facilitating the regeneration of the peripheral pelvic autonomic nerve. Materials and Methods: MPCs were isolated from the gastrocnemius muscle of normal rats, which were purified via the preplate technique. In this study, 15 male Sprague-Dawley rats weighting 250 to 300 grams were used. Three experimental groups were included: a control group (C, n=5), a unilateral pelvic nerve transected group, with a sham (Hank's balanced salt Solution) injection (S, n=5), and a unilateral pelvic nerve transected group, with MPCs injections (3x10(5)cells) at the site of transection (M, n=5). Two weeks after surgery, a polyethylene tube-50 connected to a pressure transducer was inserted into the dome of the bladder, and the intravesical pressures measured during electrical stimulation (20Hz, 0.05ms, 10v) of the proximal part of the transection of preganglionic pelvic nerve. Then, the rats were sacrificed, and the major pelvic ganglia (MPG) removed for immunohistochemistry of enkephalin. Results: The maximal intravesical pressures for the C, M and S groups were 28.5cmH2O, 13.5cmH2O and 8.6cmH2O, respectively (p<0.001). The pressure difference between the maximal pressure after electrical stimulation and the basal pressure before electrical stimulation for the C, M and S groups were 23.8cmH2O, 8.9cmH2O and 4.6cmH2O, respectively (p< 0.001). The intensity of pericellular immunoreactivity for enkephalin from the removed MPG was more markedly decreased in the S than C group, but was more markedly increased in the M than S group. Conclusions: MPCs can promote peripheral autonomic nerve regeneration, with good correlations between the functional and immunohistochemical results of neurorecovery effect of MPCs.
Animals ; Autonomic Pathways ; Electric Stimulation ; Enkephalins ; Ganglia ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Male ; Muscle Cells ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Nerve Regeneration* ; Neurons ; Polyethylene ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Regeneration ; Transducers, Pressure ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic

PURPOSE: While treating 14 phenylketonuria(PKU) patients, we evaluated bone density, changes in bone age, andbony changes such as spiculation or metaphyseal widening. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 14 PKU patients agedbetween 1 month and 14 years(mean, 6.4 years) were under dietary treatment. Eight and eleven patients underwentradiography of the left hand and wrist and bone densitometry(BMD) of the lumbar spine, respectively. The resultswere reviewed with regard to abnormal bony changes, delayed bone age, and osteopenia. Patients were assigned toeither the early or late treatment group, depending on whether or not dietary therapy was started before 3 monthsof age. Those in whom a blood phenylalanine level of under 10 mg/dl was maintained were assigned to the 'goodcontrol' group; others were classified as 'variable control'. The findings of radiographs of the left hand andlumbar BMD were evaluated in relation to the time of dietary therapy, and adequacy of treatment. RESULTS: Onlumbar BMD, four of 11 patients (36%) showed reduced bone density of more than 1 S.D. None of the 11 who underwentradiography of the left hand showed bony abnormalities such as spiculation or metaphyseal widening. In four of the11, bone age was less than chronological age by at least one year. According to Fisher's exact test there was norelation between delayed bone age , osteoporosis and the time and adequacy of dietary therapy (p >0.05). CONCLUSION: None of the 14 PKU patients who underwent dietary therapy had bony abnormalities such as spiculationor metaphyseal widening. In four of the 11, bone age was at least one year less than chronological age, and onlumbar BMD, osteoporosis was seen. For the evaluation of bone change in PKU patients, plain radiography and BMDare thus complementary.
Bone Density ; Bone Diseases, Metabolic ; Hand ; Humans ; Metabolism ; Osteoporosis ; Phenylalanine ; Phenylketonurias* ; Radiography ; Spine ; Wrist

PURPOSE: The value of total transurethral resection of prostate cancer (TURPC) as an alternative therapy was first recognized by Hans J. Reuter. Thus, we conducted the study of prospectively collected data to verify total TURPC as an alternative therapy forlocalized prostate cancer. METHODS: From January 2008 to July 2011, 14 patients with a mean age of 76.1 years (range, 66 to 89 years) with clinically localized prostate cancer were treated by prostatic resection by the corresponding author with curative intention. RESULTS: The mean duration of TURPC was 51.7 minutes (range, 30 to 120 minutes) and the mean amount of prostatic tissue resected was 21.2 g (range, 5 to 66 g). An intra- and/or postoperative blood transfusion was necessary in 2 cases. Hyponatremia was found in 7 patients. Six months after TURPC, 3 cases of grade 1 and 1 case of grade 2 incontinence were observed. Three patients in the high-risk group did not achieve a prostate specific antigen (PSA) nadir of < or =0.2 ng/mL. PSA recurrence occurred in one case in our series. Newly developed lymph node or distant metastases were not observed during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: According to our results, transurethral resection for prostate cancer can be performed with reasonable oncological results. The PSA nadir levels, and rates of biochemical failure and postoperative complications, including incontinence, were comparable with the published results for other procedures. TURPC is also inexpensive and non-invasive, and requires short hospitalization and a short surgical time without vesicourethral anastomosis.
Blood Transfusion ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Hyponatremia ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Operative Time ; Pilot Projects ; Postoperative Complications ; Prospective Studies ; Prostate ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Recurrence ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate ; Urinary Incontinence

PURPOSE: Enterocystoplasty is the method commonly used in clinical practice. The use of intestinal segments in the urinary tract for the reconstructive purposes has been reported numerous complications: urinary tract infection, stone formation, hyperchloremic acidosis, hypokalemia, urinary obstruction secondary to mucus plugs, and malignancy developing. We studied on the feasibility of creating an enterocystoplasty with a reversed seromuscular ileal segment to decrease the likelihood of recognized complications in cases of standard bowel replacement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Augmentation enterocystoplasty was performed in 21 male, 400-450gm, Sprague-Dawley rats with a patch of ileum. There were 3 groups, including 1 group of 9 rats that underwent augmentation conventionally, while another group of 8 rats were augmented using reversed seromuscular flaps and the other rat was died for postoperative ileus. The other group of 3 rats were sham operated. The animals survived without significant complications and were sacrificed at 4 or 12 weeks. RESULTS: The bladder capacities in both group were no significant differences. The size of the intestinal patchs were markedly decreased in reversed seromuscular flaps. The urine white blood cells and mucus production were much higher in the conventional type, but intraperitoneal mucus production and postoperative adhesion were seen mostly in reversed seromuscular types. CONCLUSIONS: Reversed seromuscular flaps showed little mucus production in urine and urinary infection compared to those animals with flaps undergone conventional method. Unfortunately, intraperitoneal mucus production and graft contracture were much higher in those procedures. Further studies would be needed for clinical availability of reversed flap.
Acidosis ; Animals ; Contracture ; Humans ; Hypokalemia ; Ileum ; Ileus ; Leukocytes ; Male ; Mucus ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Transplants ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Tract ; Urinary Tract Infections