No abstract available.
Posterior Cruciate Ligament*

Peripheral nerve injury is relatively common in post-trauma surgery. Although various microsurgical techniques and repair methods can recover the continuity of the injurcd nerve. But, functional recovery achive is difficult. The purpose of this study examines the effect of electrical stimulation on muscle strength or sensibility increase in hrachial plexus injury with clinical results. We have retrospectively analyzed 44 cases of brachial plexus injury. The group(20 cases) which received nerve surgery and electrical stimulation was compared with the group(24 cases) which received nerve surgery only. Electrical stimulation was performed to nerve for axonal regeneration-strength & sensibility(18 cases) and to muscle for strengh(2 cases). All cases had heen evaluated for motor power recovery by 24 months after nerve surgery. A significant difference(P<0.05) between the power of elhow flexion and shoulder abduction, hut not sensibility of forearm in the two groups suggests that electrical stimulation to nerve or muscle enhanced the progress of nerve regeneration or muscle strength respectively. The results suggest that electricai stimulation is promising supplementary method for functional recovery in brachial plexus injury.
Axons* ; Brachial Plexus* ; Electric Stimulation* ; Forearm ; Muscle Strength ; Nerve Regeneration ; Peripheral Nerve Injuries ; Regeneration* ; Retrospective Studies ; Shoulder

No abstract available.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging*

Exploration of the injured brachial plexus is very hard due to the close approximation with other vital structures and the anatomic complexity. It is essential to identify the exact level and type of traumatic brachial plexus injury (BPI) to decide the appropriate surgical approach for the injury and to infer the postoperative prognosis. However, it can be difficult to image the brachial plexus because of the anatomic properties. The purpose of this study is to analyze the diagnostic value of MRI according to various planes of the level and the type of the traumatic BPI. In sixty patients with traumatic BPI, whose diagnosis was confirmed by clinicopathological and surgical findings, the preoperative MRI films were reread retrospectively. Brachial plexus injuries were divided into two groups of preganglionic BPI and postganglionic BPI, and then postganglionic BPI was divided into 3 subgroups of Zone I, Zone II and Zone III by major adjacent structures such as scalenus anterior muscle and pectoralis minor muscle. The accuracy of MRI was investigated with the confirmed diagnosis on axial, sagittal and coronal planes. In preganglionic BPI, the accuracy of MRI was 96% on axial plane and it was statistically significant compared to sagittal and coronal planes. In postganglionic BPI, the accuracy of MRI was 100% on sagittal plane and 86% on coronal plane in Zone I, but it was not significant statistically. In Zone II and III the accuracy of MRI were 89% and 80% on sagittal plane, and 61% and 60% on coronal plane, but it was not significant statistically. In conclusion, the MRI can provide useful guidance to diagnose preganglionic and postganglionic BPI. Axial imaging is considered better for preganglionic lesion and sagittal imaging for postganglionic BPI, but it demands further study on larger number of subjects with traumatic RPI.
Brachial Plexus* ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies

Distal renal tubular acidosis (RTA) is a biochemical syndrome as a deficiency of hydrogen in secretion by the distal tubule and collecting duct. Owing to the nature of the defect, hyperchloremic non-anion gap metabolic acidosis and high urine pH despite severe systemic acidosis is characterized. Typical manifestations of distal RTA are growth retardation, rickets, polyuria and nephrocalcinosis. We experienced a case of distal renal tubular acidosis in a 4 years old female child who complained of growth retardation and gait disturbance. She showed typical hyperchloremic non-anion gap metabolic acidosis and persistent high urine pH. In radiographic examination. we found delayed bone age and severe rachitic changes of wrist, elbow, and knee as well as nephrocalcinosis. In ammonium chloride loading test, high urine pH persisted despite the lowering blood HCO3- concentration. After alkali therapy, she is in well condition with excellent growth velocity and absence of rachitic changes.
Acidosis ; Acidosis, Renal Tubular* ; Alkalies ; Ammonium Chloride ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Elbow ; Female ; Gait ; Humans ; Hydrogen ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Knee ; Nephrocalcinosis ; Polyuria ; Rickets ; Wrist

Joubert syndrome is a rare hereditary brain malformation and transmitted as an autosomal recessive tarit. This disorder is clinically characterized by episodic tachypnea and apnea, abnormal ocular movements, developmental delay and ataxia. Anatomic anomalies include cerebellar vermal agenesis with dilatation of the fourth ventricle. Symptomatic onset is in the neonatal period and prognosis is severe. We have experienced a case of Joubert syndrome in a 3months old male patient, who manifested by developmental delay, periodic tachypnea and apnea, abnormal eye movement, generalized hypotonia and hypoplasia of cerebellar vermis with the 4th ventricular dilatation on brain MRI. We presented this case with a brief review of literatures.
Apnea ; Ataxia ; Brain ; Dilatation ; Eye Movements ; Fourth Ventricle ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Muscle Hypotonia ; Prognosis ; Tachypnea

No abstract available.
Histiocytoma*

One of the most basic function in brachial plexus injury is the recovery of elbow flexion. So the important purpose in nerve surgery of brachial plexus injury is the recovery of the function of the musculocutaneous nerve. However, failure of the recovery of function of the biceps through surgery or in cases of neglected nerve surgery of more than 1 year needs the consideration of tendon transfer or free vascularized muscle graft. In these failed or neglected brachial plexus injury, flexorplasty is more often indicated because of associated surrounding muscle weakness or paralysis. We analyzed the functional results in brachial plexus injured 12 patients who underwent elbow flexorplasty between June, 1987 and Aug. 1994. In 2 patients, the elbow flexorplasty was augmented by a glenohumeral arthrodesis. The mean length of the follow-up was 52 months. The mean are of active flexion following flexorplasty was 81 degrees. The postoperative active Supination and loss of elbow extension was 40 and 28 degree respectively. At final objective evaluation, 6 patients were judged to have excellent; 2 good; 1 poor; 3 failure. At final subjective evaluation, 3 patients were judged to have excellent; 3 good; 3 failure.
Arthrodesis ; Brachial Plexus ; Elbow ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Muscle Weakness ; Musculocutaneous Nerve ; Paralysis ; Recovery of Function ; Supination ; Tendon Transfer ; Transplants

No abstract available.
Hyperparathyroidism, Primary*

No abstract available.
Bone Marrow* ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma*