Many nonsurgical techniques are currently employed for outpatient treatment of hemor rhoids. Sclerotherapy, rubber band ligation, cryotherapy, laser therapy, infrared photocoagula tion and direct current therapy have been utilized in the management of hemorrhoids in the outpatient setting, but bipolar diathermy(BICAP) has not been introduced in korea yet. This study is a clinical analysis of 472 patients of hemorrhoids treated with BICAP bipolar diathermy at outpatient department from July 1996 to June 1997. Among them, 396 patients had been followed up for 3 to 15 months. Male to female ratio was 2.2:1 and mean age of male and female was 42.8 and 39.7 years, respectively. Duration of symptoms in 216 patients(57.6%) was below 5 years. The most frequent degree of internal hemorrhoids was second degree(62.7%), followed by third degree(23.9%), first degree (7.8%) and fourth degree(5.5%). Major presenting symptoms were prolapse combined with bleeding(45.8%), prolapse(21.2%) and bleeding(19.7%). In 62.9% of patients 3 piles were treated. Associated anorectal diseases with hemorrhoids, such as skin tags, thrombi and anal polyps were present in 179 patients. Among them, 126 patients were operated as outpatient operation procedure with BICAP therapy. Previous medical managements of hemorrhoids, such as use of rectal suppositories(32%), injection of sclerosing agents(8.6%) and hemorrhoidectomy(7.8%) were done in 240 patients(51%). Number of treatments was one session(88.7%), two sessions(10%), three sessions(1.1%) and four sessions(0.2%) in order of frequency. Mild to moderate anal discomfort was experienced during BICAP therapy by 215 patients(46%), mild sensation of local heat by 95 patients(20%) and mild bleeding by 10 patients(2%). No postdiathermy discomfort was observed in 337 patients(85.1%). However, postdiathermy bleeding and pain were present in 41 patients (10.4%) and 18 patients(4.5%), respectively. Results of followed up patients for 3 to 15 months were asymptomatic in 270 patients(68.2%), improved in 88 patients (22.2%), and no changed in 38 patients(9.6%). Among 18 patients with fourth degree hemorrhoids, only 2 patients(11%) became asymptomatic, 5 patients(28%) improved and 11 patients(61.9%) were not changed in their symptoms. Six patients experienced recurrent hemorrhoids requiring hemorrhoidectomy. In conclusion, bipolar diathermy(BICAP) for hemorrhoids is safe, easy to apply, painless, needs no anesthesia and bowel preparation with short time and repeated treatments and can be applied to first, second, third and some patients of fourth degree hemorrhoids. The effect of treatment was satisfactory in about 90%. Side effects were minimal compared to other nonoperative treatments. Therefore, the auther believes that bipolar diathermy(BICAP) is a desirable nonoperative treatment for internal hemorrhoids.
Anesthesia ; Cryotherapy ; Diathermy* ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Hemorrhoidectomy ; Hemorrhoids* ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Korea ; Laser Therapy ; Ligation ; Male ; Outpatients ; Polyps ; Prolapse ; Rubber ; Sclerotherapy ; Sensation ; Skin

From March 1973 to September 1974, fresh-water fishes were collected in rivers in Kyungpook Province, Korea, using three collecting technics; throwing a cast-net, fishing and using a glass bowl containing crushed oil-cake as a bait. Twenty-one species of the fish caught in the rivers in Kyungpook Province were examined for the presence of the metacercaria of Clonorchis sinensis. Of these, 10 speciec of the fish harbored the encysted larvae. The most frequently infected one was Pseudorasbora parva 92.3 per cent, followed by Pseudogobio esocinus 90.4 per cent, Sarcocheilichthys sinensis 87.7, Hemibarbus labeo 87.2, and Pungtungia herzi 60.8 per cent, in decreasing order. The less frequently infected were Erythroculter erythropterus 13.0, Acanthorhodeus taenianalis 7.7, Paracheilognathus rhombea 5.9 and Acheilognathus limbata 4.2 per cent. In the intensity of infection with the larvae, Pseudorasbora parva was most heavily infected and the mean number of metacercaria per ml of flesh was 51.4, Pungtungia herzi, Gnathopogon atromaculatus, Pseudogobio esocinus, Sarcocheilichthys sinensis and Homibarbus labeo were infected intermediately (Their mean number varied 10.3 to 19.5). Whereas, Paracheilognathus rhombea, Acheilognathus limbata and Acanthorbodeus taenianalis were infected with a few cysts.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; Clonorchis sinensis ; Pseudorasbora parva ; Pseudogobio esocinus ; Sarocheilichtyhs sinensis ; Hemibarbus labeo ; Pungtungia herzi ; Erythroculter erythropterus ; Acanthorhodeus taenianalis ; Paracheilognathus rhombea ; Acheilognathus limbata ; host ; metacercaria

No abstract available.

The amount of labelled glucose incorporated into glycogen is 6 times as much as that of labelled mannose by the female worms. They excreted lactate of labelled glucose-origin 3-4 times as much as that of labelled mannose-origin. The amount of labelled glucose incorprated in worm bodies is about 3 times as much as that of labelled mannose. Male worms absorbed a half amount of glucose by female worms. Paralelled with radioactivity studies mentioned above, chemical determinations of sugars, lactate, and glycogen were performed on the media prior and posterior to incubation and the worms. The results obtained from chemical determinations fairly agreed with those on lactate production and sugar consumption from radioactivity studies, but not on glycogen content of worms after incubation. Chemical determination shows no glycogen synthesis in worms incubated in mannose media while the radioactivity of labelled mannose was detected, though it is very low in activity, from glycogen of worms in the media. Coupled with previously reported findings, results from the present study show mannose to be far less significant in the carbohydrate metabolism of Angiostrongylus cantonensis as compared with glucose.
parasitology-helminth-nematode ; lactate ; glucose ; mannose ; glycogen ; biochemistry ; Angiostrongylus cantonensis

No abstract available.
Dementia*

No abstract available.
Diabetes Mellitus*

No abstract available.
Folic Acid* ; Homocysteine* ; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2)*

A parasitic survey on vegetables collected from markets and vegetable gardens in Taegu area was conducted for the discovery of human parasitic eggs and larvae. Three species of vegetable, lettuce (Lactuca sativa), young radish(Raphanus sapivus) and Chinese cabbage (Brassica pekinensis) were selected. All vegetable leaves were washed with a hard brush, and then species of parasites and the approximate mean number of parasitic eggs per 200 grams of vegetable leaves were investigated. When vegetables collected from markets were examined, 5 species of parasite eggs (ascarid, trichurid, Trichostrongylus, Clonorchis and hookworms) and 2 larvae (filariform and rhabditoid ) were found. Furthermore, a number of eggs and larvae of undetermined species were also observed. Of the parasites studied, ascarid egg was found to be highest (49.0%), followed Trichostrongylus egg(18.0%) as well as filariform larva of hookworms (19.7%), and the least often observed was rhabditoid larva of hookworms(0.7%). The recovery rate of parasites among lettuce, young radish and Chinese cabbage collected from markets ranged from 23.2 to 91.9 percent and was similar to that from vegetable gardens, where Chinese cabbage showed the highest (91.1%) and lettuce being next(49.0%) in positivity of ascarid eggs. In the case of filariform larva, the rate of Chinese cabbage was twice as high as that of lettuce and young radish. There was a significant reduction in the rate of filariform larva, suggesting that a single washing of vegetables at the vegetable washing stand would reduce the number of parasites attached to vegetable leaves, when young radish washed at the stand was compared with that unwashed. In the monthly rate of parasites recovered from young radish, there was significant fluctuations between the eggs and filariform larva of hookworms. The mean number of ascarid egg per 200 grams of vegetable was 7.5 in young radishes, 3.1 in lettuces, and 0.5 in Chinese cabbages, in decreasing order. It is noteworthy that young radish contained more than 10 times more than Chinese cabbage. These results would seem to indicate that one of the important routes of infection is due to consumption of pickled young radishes in summer than pickled Chinese cabbages in winter.
parasitology-nematoda-trematoda ; Ascaris lumbricoides ; Trichuris trichiura ; Trichostrongylus orientalis ; Clonorchis sinensis ; hookworm ; epidemiology

No abstract available.
Cardiomyopathies* ; Congenital Hypothyroidism* ; Echocardiography*

In order to determine the intensity of infection with the encysted larvae of Metagonimus yokogawai among Plecoglossus altivelis, sweetfish, caught at the rivers in Kyungpook Province, Korea were examined in the period from July to October, 1976. The data were compared with the results obtained from Tribolodon hakonensis, the sea-run dace, caught at the river Hyungsan in the Province. A total of 128 Plecoglossus altivelis were examined. All the fish were infected with the metacercaria of Metagonimus yokogawai. The metacercarial rate for the fluke in the flesh was higher than the rates in the fins and scales. The average number of larvae per sweetfish was 4,333, compared with the average of 1,541 from the sea-run dace. It was found that the highest number of encysted larvae was found in the flesh of sweetfish, whereas it was encountered on the scales of sea-run dace. In the distribution pattern of the cysts, there was no relationship between the size of fish and the intensity of infection.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; Metagonimus yokogawai-epidemiology ; Plecoglossus altivelis ; Tribolodon hakonensis ; metacercaria