BACKGROUND:Alzheimer’s disease causes and pathogenesis remain unclear, which greatly restrict the screening of drugs. And the main reason is lack of suitable animal models. The developing transgenic animal technology al ows studying the role of certain pathogenic gene in vivo, and has regarded the ideal animal models for Alzheimer’s disease.
OBJECTIVE:To summarize the research advance of Alzheimer’s disease transgenic animal models. METHODS:Using“Alzheimer’s disease, transgenic mouse, animal model, dementia”in Chinese and English as the key words, the first author retrieved PubMed and CNKI databases published before July 2013. Final y, 41 articles were included in result analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The etiology of Alzheimer’s disease is diverse, and genetic factor is one important factor. The existing transgenic animal models of Alzheimer’s disease include single genetical y modified models, double genetical y modified models and multiple transgenic models. Single transgenic animal models can make a kind of mutated exogenous gene integrate into the genomes of animals by using recombinant DNA technology. This kind of models can be applied to only study one specific pathological change of Alzheimer’s disease. Double transgenic animal models can make two kinds of mutated exogenous gene integrate into the genomes of animals and simultaneously transfect animals by using recombinant DNA technology. This kind of models is closer to the pathological changes of Alzheimer’s disease than single transgenic animal models, but stil cannot simulate Alzheimer’s disease. Multiple genetical y modified models are obtained with different transgenic mice hybridization or several genes transfection, which are most similar to clinical process and pathological features of Alzheimer’s disease. However, this kind of models may develop a decline in consanguinity. Each kind of animal model has their advantages and shortcomings, and a better transgenic animal model is urgently needed to completely simulate pathological characteristics of Alzheimer’s disease.

The development of carcinoma in a subcutaneous dermoid cyst is a rare event. We report a 54-year-old Korean woman in whom excised subcutaneous dermoid cyst showed squamous cell carcinoma in the cyst wall.
Female ; Humans ; Cysts

OBJECTIVE To study the rational use of antibiotics in a comprehensive general hospital.METHODS The clinical data of 583 cases used the five kinds of most frequently antibiotics during Nov 20-26,2006 in a comprehensive general hospital were collected and analyzed.RESULTS The total five kinds of most frequently antibiotics used in this hospital were the third generation of cephalosporins,cefoperazone/tazobactam(Kaisi),flomoxef(Fuomaning),cefoperazone/tazobactam(Kaishute),cefpiramide(Xibaiao) and cefoperazone/tazobactam(Xianbita).The daily frequency of these antibiotics was rational to the drug metabolic dynamics characteristics.Some patients received the long time therapy of antibiotic,the longest one was 22 days.The frequency of over-doses in these patients was 19.9%.CONCLUSIONS Antibiotics use is apparently rational in this hospital and the training and education for drug use should be enhanced in the future.

Aim: To study the in virto interaction of Cefathiamidine in combination with Ciprofloxacin against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis. Methods: The activity of each drug alone was determined against all the isolates. Chequerborad synergy testing was then performed against all the isolates. Results: The percentage of the FIC index less than 0.5, from 0.5 to 1, from 1 to 2, more than 2 was 53.3% - 93.3%, 6.7% - 46.7%, 0%, 0% respectively. Conclusion: Synergism and additivity of cefathiamidine combined with ciprofloxacin respectively against 90 strains of Gram positive cocci were the main inter actions, there were little autonomy and no antagonism.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of tirofiban on microvascular flow in infarction zone after coronary reperfusion in pigs with acute myocardial infarction (AMI),and to explore its mechanism of decreasing microvessel obstruction (MO) and the relationship with inflammatory factors. MethodsChinese mini pigs were randomized into control group and tirofiban treatment group.Acute myocardial infarction was induced by balloon occluding the medium segment of the left anterior descending artery for 90 min,and then reperfusion was created by withdrawing the balloon.The infarct myocardium and MO area were detected with delayed enhancement multi-slice spiral CT (DE-MSCT),the serum levels of IL-6 and IL-10 were measured with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The pigs were killed, the heartwere excised and stained with 2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC). Results6 pig models were successfully established in each group.4 pigs in control group and 3 pigs in tirofiban treating group experienced MO.The MO volume was increased at every time after reperfusion in both groups,while the MO volume was significantly reduced in tirofiban treatment group compared with control group at 1 h [(9.6 ± 3.1) ％ vs.(4.8 ±0.7)％],24 h[(13.4±3.3) ％ vs.(5.8±-1.2)％],48 h[(15.1±3.8)％ vs.(6.4±1.2)％] and 72 h [(15.9±4.6) ％ vs.(6.6±0.8)％ after reperfusion (t=6.99,13.76,14.21,11.38,all P＜0.05).Compared with the baseline,the levels of serum IL-6 and IL-10 in both groups were increased at 30 min after AMI.In tirofiban treatment group,the level of serum IL-6 was significantly lower and serum IL-10 was higher than those in control group (P＜0.05 and P＜0.01) from 10 min to 72 h after reperfusion. Conclusions Tirofiban may lessen the MO area in infarction zone of AMI after reperfusion,which may be ascribed to its anti-inflammation besides anti-platelets.

Bone Marrow Cells ; metabolism ; DNA-Activated Protein Kinase ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Leukemia ; genetics ; Nuclear Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; PTEN Phosphohydrolase ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; Telomerase ; genetics ; metabolism

Aim To study the in virto interaction o f Cefathiamidine in combination with Ciprofloxacin against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis. Methods The activity of each drug alone was determined against all the isolates. Chequerborad synergy testing was then performed against all the isolat es. Results The percentage of the FIC index less than 0.5, from 0.5 t o 1,from 1 to 2,more than 2 was 53.3%～93.3%,6.7%～46.7%,0%,0% respectiv ely. Conclusion Synergism and additivity of cefathiamidine comb ined with ciprofloxacin respectively against 90 strains of Gram positive cocci w ere the main inter actions, there were little autonomy and no antagonism.

OBJECTIVE To study the in vitro activity of cefepime combined with sulbactam against carbapenem-resistant strains of Acinetobacter spp clinically isolated. METHODS The activity of each drug alone was determined against 24 isolates. Chequerborad synergy testing was then performed against all the isolates. RESULTS The percentage of the FIC index showed 33.3% synergism, 62.5% additive, 4.2% (1/24) indifference, and no antagonism tively. CONCLUSIONS Testing of cefepime and sulbactam combinations revealed synergism and additivity activity against some carbapenem-resistant strains(23/24) of Acinetobacter spp which could be likely to prove beneficial effect for the treatment of infections due to multidrug-resistant strains of Acinetobacter spp.

Objective To investigate the effect of co-expression of neuropilin-1(Nrp-1)and transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)on regulatory T cell(Treg)-mediated immunosuppression. Methods CD4+CD25+Tregs were isolated from the spleens of male Balb/c mice. CD4+CD25+Tregs were blocked with various doses of Nrp-1 antibody(Ab-Nrp-1,0.5,5,10 μg/ml)for 24 hours with anti-CD3/CD28 and lipopolysaccharide(LPS)stimulation, and expression of Nrp-1 and TGF-βwas determined by flow cytometry. Meanwhile,CD4+CD25+Tregs were cultured with different doses of Ab-Nrp-1 for 1 hour,and co-cultured with CD4+CD25-T cell for 12,24 and 48 hours respectively,the proliferative activity of CD4+CD25-T cells was analyzed by microplate reader. Results Compared to control group,the expressions of Nrp-1 and TGF-β were significantly increased under anti-CD3/CD28 and LPS stimulation(both P<0.05),and treatment with Ab-Nrp-1 markedly inhibited the expression of TGF-β in a dose-dependent manner(P<0.05). The normal Treg had the potential to inhibit the proliferation of CD4+CD25-T cells(P<0.05),while various doses of Ab-Nrp-1 had the ability to reverse the immunosuppressive function of CD4+CD25+Treg in a dose-and time-dependent response manner,5μg/ml has the strongest ability,expecially after 24 hours. Conclusion Treg cell plays an important role in mediating immunosuppressive response via membrane associated TGF-β,and co-expression of Nrp-1 can markedly promote the immunosuppressive function.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the antimicrobial activity of recombinant human ?-defensin 3(rhBD-3) on clinically isolated multidrug-resistant bacterial strains.METHODS The antimicrobial activity of rhBD-3 on clinically isolated multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus,Enterococcus faecium,Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa from the wards of burns department was measured by turbidity method.RESULTS rhBD-3 Demonstrated antimicrobial activity against all the strains in a dose-dependent manner.The minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) to Gram-positive strains and Gram-negative strains was 4 ?g/ml and 8 ?g/ml,respectively.CONCLUSIONS rhBD-3 Has significant antimicrobial activity against clinically isolated multidrug-resistant strains and thus implies therapeutic potential as an effective substitute for the present drug-resistant bacteria.