The authors report a case of cirsoid aneurysm in which diagnosis is reached by carotid angiography. To clarify the confusion regarding this rare lesion, the definition, origin and pathogenesis of the lesion are discussed.
Aneurysm* ; Angiography ; Diagnosis ; Scalp*

The authors report a rare case of reticulum cell sarcoma-microgliomatosis which was extended into the leptomeninges, the Virchow-Robin spaces and choroid plexus invading the cerebral parenchyma in the left temporal area. Histogenesis of this tumor is briefly discussed.
Brain* ; Choroid Plexus ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin* ; Reticulum*

The authors describe a case of ossiculum terminale in which a new technique of posterior cervical fusion for the reduction of atlantoaxial dislocation has been attempted, and satisfactory stabilization and restoration of normal contour of the cervical spine have been obtained by double wiring technique.
Dislocations* ; Spine

The authors analyze arbitrary 100 cases of skull fractures and compare with the incidence and character of the complication of head injuries associated with a skull fracture. Age, sex, cause of injury, skull fracture, intracranial hemorrhage, mortality rate and sequelae are discussed.
Craniocerebral Trauma ; Incidence ; Intracranial Hemorrhages ; Mortality ; Skull Fractures* ; Skull*

Although a great deal has been written about porencephaly during the past 100 years, there is much that remains obscure. The clinical recognition of porencephaly is important because it occurs with sufficient frequency to require consideration in the differential diagnosis of focal cerebral lesions. The authors considered and discussed to fulfill the pathogensis for this case.
Diagnosis, Differential

Patients admitted with the clinical symptomatology of a progressive myelopathy associated with radiologic findings compatible with spondylotic degeneration of the cervical spine and who manifest appropriate neurophysiological abnormalities should be considered as candidates for surgical treatment. The authors have undertaken a study of 20 patients who had received decompressive surgical procedures and possible follow up studies for CSM, which was defined as a myelopathy related to osteophytic overgrowth and ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament(OPLL) in the cervical spinal canal causing impingement upon the spinal cord from Sep.93. To Aug. 1995. It was concluded with the following results. 1) man was exclusively prevalent in most cases. 2) age at surgery: There was a signigicant negative correlation between the age at surgery and the recovery rate. 3) Original cause of compression: There was no signigicant difference between the CSM and OPLL. 4) The involved level : three level involvement was the most common(8cases), followed by two level(6 cases), four level(3 cases), and single level(2 cases). There was no correlation between the preoperative Harsh scale and the number of the involved level. 5) Recovery rate: excellent(Grade O.I). 12 cases(60%), good(Grade II, IIIA), 4 cases(20%), poor(Grade IIIc, IV, V), 4 cases(20%).
Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Ossification of Posterior Longitudinal Ligament ; Spinal Canal ; Spinal Cord ; Spinal Cord Diseases* ; Spine

Anterior cervical fusion without internal fixation destabilizes an already unstable spine and can result in tenuous bone graft stability and potential for incorporation. Anterior fusion of cervical spine with screw-plates is gaining in popularity in the management of anterior cervical spine instability. Eighty six cases that underwent anterior fusion with or without internal fixation and autogenous iliac bone graft were compared and analyzed. The pathologies included 40 cases of cervical disc disease, 43 of cervical spondylosis and 3 of ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament. Changes in the alignment of the total cervical spine and of the fused segment were evaluated in both groups. Dislodgement of the grafted bone, which was observed in 2 of 11 cases in the nonplate group, was not seen in the plate group. Hardware failure was developed in 3 of 24 cases in the bicortical group, but not in 51 cases in the unicortical group. Alignment of the cervical spine was corrected and relatively well manintained in the plate group compared with the nonplate group. We concluded that a unicortical screw fixation was superior than a bicortical screw and a fusion without plating system could not keep a cervical lordotic curve in the treatment of the degenerative cervical disease.
Ossification of Posterior Longitudinal Ligament ; Pathology ; Spine* ; Spondylosis ; Transplants

The authors report a case of ruptured large saccular aneurysm of anterior ethmoidal artery, ethmoidal artery associated with anatomically related arteriovenous malformation(AVM). The patient was a 49-year-male who presented with severe headache followed by deteriorated consciousness. Computerized tomography and Magnetic resonance imaging revealed intracerebral hemorrhage in left the frontal lobe and intraventricular hemorrhage and contrast enhancing ring-like mass in the frontobasal area. The cerbral angiography showed anterior ethmoidal artery aneurysm with abnormal vascularity in arterial phase. The patient was treated successfully by clipping of the aneurysm and removing of AVM, Among the reference, I have reviewed this paper is the first case report on the anterior ethmoidal artery aneurysm associated with AVM.
Aneurysm* ; Angiography ; Arteries* ; Arteriovenous Malformations* ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; Consciousness ; Frontal Lobe ; Headache ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Purpose: Firefighting duties range from field roles such as suppression, rescue, and emergency medical services (EMS) to various administrative tasks. Despite these differences, they face uniform fitness standards in Korea. This study seeks to define distinct fitness needs for each duty and provide data for customized standards. Methods: One hundred seventy-six Korean male firefighters participated, categorized into suppression (n=76), rescue (n=22), administrative (n=27), and EMS (n=51) roles. All underwent maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max) tests for aerobic capacity, with body composition measured using bioelectrical impedance and height recorded with a stadiometer. Results: The VO2 max (mL/kg/min) among Korean male firefighters varied across different job duties: suppression (39.96±5.84), rescue (44.84±4.85), administration (40.27±7.01), and EMS (40.51±6.75). Rescue had the highest VO2 max, which was significantly higher (p=0.013). The body mass index (BMI, kg/m2 ) values were as follows: suppression (25.07±2.55), rescue (24.95±1.71), EMS (24.33±3.21), and administration (25.10±2.48). There was no statistically significant difference in BMI values (p=0.464). Conclusion This study evaluated the VO2 max and BMI of South Korean male firefighters according to their job duties. It found that 54.5% did not meet the recommended VO2 max standard of 42 mL/kg/min for their activities, and 77.5% had a BMI indicating overweight or higher. However, it is important to note that not every firefighting duty requires high fitness levels. The key is ensuring firefighters possess the fitness necessary for their specific roles to maintain safety and efficiency. The study aims to provide data for creating fitness management guidelines tailored to the diverse duties of firefighters.

OBJECTIVE: For the treatment of the hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage, stereotactic catheter drainage of hematoma has been widely used as a less invasive and effective therapeutic modality. However stereotactic catheter drainage method occasionally can not be available. Here, we introduce C-arm fluoroscopic guided catheter drainage of hematoma as an alternative method. The authors compared the two methods and report the result with review of the literatures. METHODS: A total of 62 patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage who underwent catheter drainage between February 1996 and December 1999 were reviewed. The patients were divided into two groups according to the method of catheter insertion. The two groups were compared with respect to pre- and post-operative changes of hematoma volume and neurological deficit, hematoma drainage rate, duration of catheter placement, complication, and short term prognosis. RESULTS: The pre-operative hematoma volume was slightly large in the C-arm fluoroscopic guided method group. But post-operative hematoma volume, pre- and post-operative neurological deficit, hematoma drainage rate, duration of catheter placement, post-operative complication and short term prognosis were not different statistically between the two groups. The preparation time for operation was short in C-arm fluoroscopic guided group. CONCLUSION: C-arm fluoroscopic guided catheter drainage of intracerebral hematoma can be an alternative to the stereotactic guided method in the urgent situation or when the stereotactic system is not available
Catheters* ; Drainage* ; Hematoma* ; Humans ; Intracranial Hemorrhage, Hypertensive ; Prognosis