PURPOSE: Although influenza is regarded as one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in children with cancer, the actual vaccine coverage remains poor. We conducted evaluation of immunogenicity and safety of influenza vaccine in children with cancer. METHODS: In this study, 25 children with cancer who received influenza vaccine (SK influenza IX vaccine(R)) at the Korea Cancer Center Hospital between October and December 2009 were analyzed. Blood samples of patients were collected twice (at the beginning of this study and at 30th day after vaccination) and their antibody titers were measured using the hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) assay. Immunogenicity of the influenza vaccine was assessed by seroprotection rate on days 0 and 30, seroconversion rate on day 30, and mean fold increase (MFI) of geometric mean titer (GMT) of HI between days 0 and 30. RESULTS: Any of the subjects in our study did not experienced serious adverse events after influenza vaccination. Seroprotection rates were 68% for H1N1, 40% for H3N2, and 36% for B. Seroconversion rates were 12% for H1N1, 16% for H3N2, and 20% for B. MFIs were 0.9 for H1N1, 1.2 for H3N2, and 1.8 for B. CONCLUSION: In the study, we found a limited protective immune response to influenza vaccine, among subjects with cancer. However, some subjects showed seroconversion, and there were no severe adverse events among all subjects, supporting the recommendation of annual influenza vaccination in children with cancer.
Child ; Humans ; Influenza Vaccines ; Influenza, Human ; Korea ; Vaccination

BACKGROUND: The TrepanostikaTM is an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the qualitative determination of specific antibody (Ab) to Treponema pallidum. It is important to detect Treponema pallidum-specific Ab to confirm syphilis in patients with positive nontreponemal result or at late latent stage/late stage. Currently various ELISA methods for Treponema pallidum- specific Ab have been developed in addition to widely used treponemal tests such as fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA-ABS) test or Treponema pallidum hemagglutination (TPHA) test. We evaluated TrepanostikaTM, anti-treponemal ELISA test. METHODS: The sensitivity and specificity of this ELISA method for detecting Treponema pallidum- specific Ab (TrepanostikaTM) were evaluated and compared with other treponemal tests such as FTA-ABS and TPHA. RESULTS: The sensitivity and specificity of TrepanostikaTM were 95.7% and 95.8%, respectively. The concordance rate with FTA-ABS was 98.9% (283/286) and 100% (272/272) with TPHA. CONCLUSIONS: TrepanostikaTM which has similar sensitivity and specificity with FTA-ABS or TPHA could replace the well-known treponemal test such as FTA-ABS or TPHA.
Absorption ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay* ; Hemagglutination ; Humans ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Syphilis ; Treponema pallidum ; Treponema*

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to investigate automated pressure-controlled discography (APCD) findings, to calculate the elastance of intervertebral discs, and to assess the relationship between the calculated elastance and disc degeneration. METHODS: APCD was performed in 19 patients. There were a total of 49 intervertebral discs treated. Following intradiscal puncture, a dye was constantly injected and the intradiscal pressure was continuously measured. The elastance of the intervertebral disc was defined as unit change in intradiscal pressure per fractional change in injected dye volume. Disc degeneration was graded using a modified Dallas discogram scale. RESULTS: The mean elastance was 43.0 +/- 9.6 psi/mL in Grade 0, 39.5 +/- 8.3 psi/mL in Grade 1, 30.5 +/- 22.3 psi/mL in Grade 2, 30.5 +/- 22.3 psi/mL in Grade 3, 13.2 +/- 8.3 psi/mL in Grade 4 and 6.9 +/- 3.8 psi/mL in Grade 5. The elastance showed significant negative correlation with the degree of degeneration (R2 = 0.529, p = 0.000). CONCLUSION: APCD liberates the examiner from the data acquisition process during discography. This will likely improve the quality of data and the reliability of discography. Elastance could be used as an indicator of disc degeneration.
Humans ; Intervertebral Disc ; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration ; Low Back Pain ; Punctures

The purpose of this study was to investigate the cytotoxicity of orthodontic bands in vitro and in vivo.4 types of orthodontic bands were applied to cultured fibroblast and the supermatants were injected into dorsal subcutaneous tissue of mice. In vitro, the cytotoxixity was evaluated by an MTT assay after 2 and 6days.In vivo, the histopathologic observation was performed 2 days after injection. The results were: 1. The cell viability was significantly decreased in the group added phosphoric acid in comparison to control group, but there was not any significance among the experimental group after 2 days. 2. Cell viability decreased in the high Ni containing group after 6 days. 3. The histopathological finding was that the Cr-containing group showed severe infiltration of inflammatory cells and muscular destruction.
Animals ; Cell Survival ; Fibroblasts ; Mice ; Subcutaneous Tissue

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to develop the Korean version of the Social Functioning Scale (KSFS) in the patients with schizophrenia. METHODS : KSFS was administered to 90 schizophrenic patients and 80 their parents and 90 normal controls for examining the reliability and validity. RESULTS : Data analysis showed statistically significant reliabilities and validities of KSFS. The test-retest reliability, rater vs. self-report reliability, and internal consistency for total scores of KSFS were 0.93, 0.44 and 0.94 respectively. Evidence for discriminant validity of KSFS comes from the results that the mean scores of schizophrenic patients were significantly higher than those of normal controls. Construct validity was assessed by calculating the 7 inter-areas correlations of the KSFS, and all areas were statistically significant. Significant correlations between the total scores of KSFS and those of SOFAS lend support for the concurrent validity of this instrument. Factor analyses were performed and two factors were extracted accounting for 63.7% of the variance. Sensitivity was assessed indirectly via the distribution and range of scores on the SFS. The normal control group showed a distribution around a higher mean with a moderate positive skew. CONCLUSION : KSFS was found to be a valid, reliable, and sensitive instrument which can be used to evaluate the degree of social functioning in the patients with schizophrenia.
Accounting ; Humans ; Parents ; Reproducibility of Results ; Schizophrenia ; Statistics as Topic

No abstract available.
Humans ; Male*

Although malignant melanoma usually occurs after the diagnosis of vitiligo-like depigmentation, the latter is rarely followed by the former. We herein report on such a case in which recognition of the vitiligo-like depigmentation preceded diagnosing the metastatic melanoma by several months. A 56-year-old woman had first developed vitiligo-like depigmentation on the forehead, eyelids, neck and back 18 months previously and thereafter she detected a hard mass in the left axilla 2 months previously. Based on the histologic findings, the axillary mass was diagnosed as metastatic melanoma. To evaluate the primary tumor focus, thorough examinations that included PET-CT, bone scan and sigmoidoscopy were performed, but we couldn`t find any the original primary tumor. Our case suggests that the vitiligo-like depigmentation could be a sign that heralds metastatic melanoma.
Axilla ; Eyelids ; Female ; Forehead ; Humans ; Melanoma ; Middle Aged ; Neck ; Sigmoidoscopy

We report a 57-year-old man with bilateral cranial nerve IX and X palsies who presented with severe dysphagia. After a mild head injury, the patient complained of difficult swallowing. Physical examination revealed normal tongue motion and no uvular deviation. Cervical X-ray findings were negative, but a brain computed tomography revealed a skull fracture involving bilateral jugular foramen. Laryngoscopy indicated bilateral vocal cord palsy. In a videofluoroscopic swallowing study, food residue remained in the vallecula and pyriform sinus, and there was reduced motion of the pharynx and larynx. Electromyography confirmed bilateral superior and recurrent laryngeal neuropathy.
Brain ; Brain Injuries* ; Cranial Nerve Diseases ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Deglutition ; Deglutition Disorders ; Electromyography ; Glossopharyngeal Nerve ; Humans ; Laryngoscopy ; Larynx ; Middle Aged ; Paralysis* ; Pharynx ; Physical Examination ; Pyriform Sinus ; Skull Fracture, Basilar ; Skull Fractures ; Tongue ; Vocal Cord Paralysis

PURPOSE: Chlorpromazine(CPZ) is known to inhibit glutamate dehydrogenase(GDH). Reductive amination of alpha-ketoglutarate is catalyzed by GDH and forms glutamate, a major excitatory neurotransmitter. Thus, we hypothesized that CPZ might have a seizure-protective effect by inhibition of glutamate release from the excitatory presynaptic nerve terminal. The present study was designed to investigate the protective effect of CPZ on pentylenetetrazole(PTZ)-induced seizure in rats. METHODS: Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats were equally divided into 2 groups. CPZ(20 mg/kg) was administered to experimental animals by subcutaneous injection, while normal saline to control animals. Twenty minutes later, seizures were chemically induced by intraperitoneal injection of PTZ(60 mg/kg). Seizure severity was evaluated by using a scoring system of seizure behaviors:0, no seizure; 0.5, abnormal behavior; 1, myoclonic jerk; 2, myoclonic jerk with jumping; 3, forelimb clonus with preserving righting reflex; 4, generalized clonic seizure with brief loss of righting reflex; 5, generalized tonic clonic seizure; 6, expire. A greater score represents a more severe seizure. RESULTS: The seizure behavior scores(2.8+/-0.2) in the experimental group were significantly lower than those(3.9+/-0.4) in the control group(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that CPZ decrease PTZ-induced seizure severity in rats. Our results suggest that CPZ may have a seizure-protective effect. We hope that further studies on this issue should be performed in near future.
Amination ; Animals ; Chlorpromazine* ; Forelimb ; Glutamic Acid ; Hope ; Humans ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Male ; Myoclonus ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; Pentylenetetrazole* ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reflex, Righting ; Seizures*

PURPOSE: Chlorpromazine(CPZ) is known to inhibit glutamate dehydrogenase(GDH). Reductive amination of alpha-ketoglutarate is catalyzed by GDH and forms glutamate, a major excitatory neurotransmitter. Thus, we hypothesized that CPZ might have a seizure-protective effect by inhibition of glutamate release from the excitatory presynaptic nerve terminal. The present study was designed to investigate the protective effect of CPZ on pentylenetetrazole(PTZ)-induced seizure in rats. METHODS: Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats were equally divided into 2 groups. CPZ(20 mg/kg) was administered to experimental animals by subcutaneous injection, while normal saline to control animals. Twenty minutes later, seizures were chemically induced by intraperitoneal injection of PTZ(60 mg/kg). Seizure severity was evaluated by using a scoring system of seizure behaviors:0, no seizure; 0.5, abnormal behavior; 1, myoclonic jerk; 2, myoclonic jerk with jumping; 3, forelimb clonus with preserving righting reflex; 4, generalized clonic seizure with brief loss of righting reflex; 5, generalized tonic clonic seizure; 6, expire. A greater score represents a more severe seizure. RESULTS: The seizure behavior scores(2.8+/-0.2) in the experimental group were significantly lower than those(3.9+/-0.4) in the control group(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that CPZ decrease PTZ-induced seizure severity in rats. Our results suggest that CPZ may have a seizure-protective effect. We hope that further studies on this issue should be performed in near future.
Amination ; Animals ; Chlorpromazine* ; Forelimb ; Glutamic Acid ; Hope ; Humans ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Male ; Myoclonus ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; Pentylenetetrazole* ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reflex, Righting ; Seizures*