Accurate determination of the true incidence of blunt carotid artery injury is difficult because the patient may be asymptomatic or the condition may be masked by concomitant injuries. We present a case of blunt injury to the right common carotid artery and dissection with acute infarction on right fronto-temporo-parietal area and treated with carotid stent. We review the blunt carotid artery injury rate of occurrence, mechanism, presentation, screening, radiologic diagnosis, management and outcome.
Carotid Artery Injuries ; Carotid Artery, Common* ; Cerebral Infarction* ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infarction ; Masks ; Mass Screening ; Stents* ; Wounds, Nonpenetrating

OBJECTIVE: During the last two decades, detection of unruptured intracranial aneurysms has increased because of the improving diagnostic methods, but the management of unruptured intracranial aneurysm is still controversial. We analyzed the angiographic characteristics to compare ruptured aneurysms with unruptured aneurysms. METHODS: The patients were retrospectively selected for this study based on the availability of angiograms and a clear diagnosis of an unruptured or ruptured aneurysm. One hundred sixty nine patients with 209 aneurysms were included in the study. Sixty-one patients harbored only unruptured lesions, 85 only ruptured lesions and 27 had both ruptured and unruptured lesions. RESULTS: The mean age of all the patients was 55.3 years, and it was 53.34 years for those with ruptured aneurysms. It was found that 42.0% of the ruptured aneurysms were on the anterior communicating artery, compared with 10.3% of the unruptured aneurysms. None of the ophthalmic artery aneurysms were ruptured. The mean dome size, depth and aspect ratio of the ruptured aneurysms, except for the neck size, were significantly larger than that of the unruptured aneurysms, but the mean neck size of the ruptured and unruptured aneurysms showed no significant difference. A daughter sac was present in 7.2% of the unruptured aneurysms and in 17.0% of the ruptured aneurysms. CONCLUSION: We suggest that the morphologic features and location of aneurysms should be considered when making decisions regarding whether to treat unruptured aneurysms.
Aneurysm* ; Aneurysm, Ruptured ; Arteries ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm ; Neck ; Nuclear Family ; Ophthalmic Artery ; Retrospective Studies ; Rupture*

Diverticular disease of the colon is frequently involved in Western countries, which in korea, it is regarding as rare disease. In Western the diverticulosis is mainly affected on left side and increasing in according to age and false type is more frequent than ture type. While in oriental countries, the diverticulosis of the colon is mainly affected on right side and it is more frequent in younger patients. Cecal diverticulitis is known to a very rare disease and very difficult to be differenciated from acute scopy has purnished another useful tool in the differential diagnosis of diverticular disease. We experienced a case of cecal diverticultitis which had been diagnosed by colonofiberscopy and reviewed literatures briefly.
Colon ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Diverticulitis* ; Diverticulum ; Humans ; Korea ; Rare Diseases

Recently, favorable outcomes have been reported after the endovascular treatment of either ruptured or unruptured paraclinoid aneurysms. The complications specifically related to the endovascular treatment of paraclinoid aneurysms have also been reported in other studies. Visual symptoms related to the mass effects associated with giant paraclinoid aneurysm normally improve after coil embolization. However, these symptoms have also been reported to be exacerbated in some cases. The authors here report an unusual case of progressive visual loss occurring after endovascular coiling treatment in a case of a large paraclinoid aneurysm.
Aneurysm* ; Embolization, Therapeutic

PURPOSE: To assess the usefulness of intracellular pH (pHi), calculated by determining the shift of a high-energy metabolite such as inorganic phosphate (Pi) or gamma-ATP after performing MRS with ECG-gated two-dimensional 31P CSI (chemical shift imaging), as a parameter for the overall state of the intracellular milieu. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Proton decoupled 31P CSI was performed on a 1.5-T scanner using a (1)H-(31)P dual-tuned surface coil. Cardiac MRS data were obtained from eight normal volunteers aged 24-32 years with no history of heart disease. From the spectra obtained from several regions of the heart, peak position and peak area were estimated. The metabolic ratios of alpha-, beta-, gamma-ATP, PCr, Pi, phosphodiester and diphosphoglycerate were calculated, and pHi was estimated from the chemical shift of Pi and gamma-ATP resonance. We then compared the data for the anterior myocardium with those previously published. RESULTS: The major phosphorous metabolites identified in these human hearts were as follows: PCr, at -0.1 to +0.1 ppm; three phosphate peaks from ATP, with a chemical shift centered at about -2.7 ppm (gamma-ATP), -7.8 ppm (alpha-ATP), and -16.3 ppm (beta-ATP); and phosphodiester (PDE) at 2-3 ppm, inorganic phosphate (Pi) at 4.5-5.4 ppm, and diphosphoglycerate (DPG) at 5.4-6.3 ppm. The PCr/beta-ATP ratio was 2.20+/-0.17 and the PDE/beta-ATP ratio, 1.04+/-0.09. pHi readings were 7.31+/-0.23 (calculated by the shift of Pi) and 6.81+/-0.20 (calculated by the shift of gamma-ATP). Pi/PCR was 0.539, a ratio higher than that mentioned in previously published reports. CONCLUSION: The measurement of intracelluar metabolism was affected by various kinds of factors. We believe, however, that pHi readings indicate the overall state of the cardiac intracelluar milieu. An unexpected pHi readings, seen at MRS, may reflect errors in the MR procedure itself and, or in the alanytical method.
Adenosine Triphosphate ; Healthy Volunteers ; Heart Diseases ; Heart* ; Humans* ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration* ; Metabolism ; Myocardium ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Protons ; Reading

No abstract available.
Infarction* ; Middle Cerebral Artery*

The purpose of this clinical practice guideline (CPG) is to provide current and comprehensive recommendations for the medical and surgical management of primary intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Since the release of the first Korean CPGs for stroke, evidence has been accumulated in the management of ICH, such as intracranial pressure control and minimally invasive surgery, and it needs to be reflected in the updated version. The Quality Control Committee at the Korean Society of cerebrovascular Surgeons and the Writing Group at the Clinical Research Center for Stroke (CRCS) systematically reviewed relevant literature and major published guidelines between June 2007 and June 2013. Based on the published evidence, recommendations were synthesized, and the level of evidence and the grade of the recommendation were determined using the methods adapted from CRCS. A draft guideline was scrutinized by expert peer reviewers and also discussed at an expert consensus meeting until final agreement was achieved. CPGs based on scientific evidence are presented for the medical and surgical management of patients presenting with primary ICH. This CPG describes the current pertinent recommendations and suggests Korean recommendations for the medical and surgical management of a patient with primary ICH.
Cerebral Hemorrhage* ; Consensus ; Humans ; Intracranial Pressure ; Korea ; Peer Review ; Quality Control ; Stroke ; Surgical Procedures, Minimally Invasive ; Writing

Great advances have been made in the field of assisted reproductive technology (ART) since the first in vitro fertilization (IVF) baby was born in Korea in the year of 1985. However, it deserve to say that the invaluable data from fertility centers may serve as a useful source to find out which factors affect successful IVF outcome and to offer applicable information to infertile patients and fertility clinics. This article intended to report the status of ART in 2009 Korean Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology surveyed. The current survey was performed to assess the status and success rate of ART performed in Korea, between January 1 and December 31, 2009. Reporting forms had been sent out to IVF centers via e-mail, and collected by e-mail as well in 2012. With International Committee Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technologies recommendation, intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and non-ICSI cases have been categorized and also IVF-ET cases involving frozen embryo replacement have been surveyed separately. Seventy-four centers have reported the treatment cycles initiated in the year of 2009, and had performed a total of 27,947 cycles of ART treatments. Among a total of 27,947 treatment cycles, IVF and ICSI cases added up to 22,049 (78.9%), with 45.3% IVF without ICSI and 54.7% IVF with ICSI, respectively. Among the IVF and ICSI patients, patients confirmed to have achieved clinical pregnancy was 28.8% per cycle with oocyte retrieval, and 30.9% per cycle with embryo transfer. The most common number of embryos transferred in 2009 is three embryos (40.4%), followed by 2 embryos (28.4%) and a single embryo transferred (13.6%). Among IVF and ICSI cycles that resulted in multiple live births, twin pregnancy rate was 45.3% and triple pregnancy rate was 1.1%. A total of 191 cases of oocyte donation had been performed to result in 25.0% of live birth rate. Meanwhile, a total of 5,619 cases of frozen embryo replacement had been performed with 33.7% of clinical pregnancy rate per cycle with embryo transfer. When comparing with international registry data, clinical pregnancy rate per transfer from fresh IVF cycles including ICSI (34.1%,) was comparable to clinical pregnancy rate per transfer in European Society for Human Reproduction and Embryology report was 32.5% though lower than 45.0% for USA data. There was no remarkable difference in status of assisted reproductive technology in Korea between the current report and the data reported in 2008. The age of women trying to get pregnant was reconfirmed to be the most important factor that may have impact on success of ART treatment.
Electronic Mail ; Embryo Transfer ; Female ; Fertility ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Humans ; Korea* ; Live Birth ; Oocyte Donation ; Oocyte Retrieval ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Rate ; Pregnancy, Twin ; Reproduction ; Reproductive Techniques ; Reproductive Techniques, Assisted* ; Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-infected pneumonia emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019. In this retrospective multicenter study, we investigated the clinical course and outcomes of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from early cases in Republic of Korea. Methods: All of the cases confirmed by real time polymerase chain reaction were enrolled from the 1st to the 28th patient nationwide. Clinical data were collected and analyzed for changes in clinical severity including laboratory, radiological, and virologic dynamics during the progression of illness. Results: The median age was 40 years (range, 20–73 years) and 15 (53.6%) patients were male. The most common symptoms were cough (28.6%) and sore throat (28.6%), followed by fever (25.0%). Diarrhea was not common (10.7%). Two patients had no symptoms. Initial chest X-ray (CXR) showed infiltration in 46.4% of the patients, but computed tomography scan confirmed pneumonia in 88.9% (16/18) of the patients. Six patients (21.4%) required supplemental oxygen therapy, but no one needed mechanical ventilation. Lymphopenia was more common in severe cases. Higher level of C-reactive protein and worsening of chest radiographic score was observed during the 5–7 day period after symptom onset. Viral shedding was high from day 1 of illness, especially from the upper respiratory tract (URT). Conclusion The prodromal symptoms of COVID-19 were mild and most patients did not have limitations of daily activity. Viral shedding from URT was high from the prodromal phase. Radiological pneumonia was common from the early days of illness, but it was frequently not evident in simple CXR. These findings could be plausible explanations for the easy and rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the community.