We studied the relationship of deviated eye with dominant eye, dominant hand and visual acuity in 109 horizontal strabismic patients. Control group of 109 normal subjects without strabismus or specific ocular diseases were also examined. Right ocular dominance in normal subjects was noted in 66.1%. Strabismic patients showed ocular dominance of nondeviated eye in 78.5%. The dominance of right hand in normal subjects were noted in 89.0% and those were 82.6% in strabismic patients. Better visual acuity of right eye were noted in 40.4% of normal subjects, and 28.4% in left eye. Equal visual acuity between two eyes were 31.2% of the subjects. Strabismic patients showed better visual acuity in 70.9% of nondevia ted eye. Based on these results, the correlation of nondeviated eye with dominant eye, and better visual acuity were statistically significant(p<0.01, respectively), but not with dominant hand(p>0.05).
Dominance, Ocular ; Hand* ; Humans ; Strabismus* ; Visual Acuity

Amblyopia is defined as the reduction of best-corrected visual acuity of one or both eyes caused by conditions that affect normal visual development. The basic strategy to treat amblyopia is to obtain a clear retinal image in each eye and correct ocular dominance through forced use of the amblyopic eye. Treatment modalities include correcting any underlying organic disease, prescribing appropriate optical correction, and providing occlusion/penalization therapy for the non-amblyopic eye. Given the success of amblyopia treatment declines with increasing age, the detection and management of amblyopia should begin as early as possible during the sensitive period for visual development. Proper management of amblyopia during childhood can reduce the overall prevalence and severity of visual loss. This study aims to provide an update for the management of childhood amblyopia to provide better visual outcomes.
Amblyopia ; Dominance, Ocular ; Prevalence ; Retinaldehyde ; Visual Acuity

This study was designed to validate the usefulness of the near point of convergence(NPC)test in determination of dominant & non-domnant eyes in intermittent exotropia patients. We performed NPC test in 36 intermittent exotrpic patients, and then, determined the non-dominant eye which deviated outward beyond the NPC. The dominant eyes determined by the NPC were compared to those that were determined by amblyopia, sensory fusion and photophobia. Best corrected visual acuity was used to divide patients into two groups : 26 patients without amblyopia, and 10 with amblyopia. Among the amblyopia group, if the eyes with better visual acuity were taken as dominant eyes, then eight(80%)cases were identical with the NPC test and two(20%)cases were different. Ten patients had sensory anomaly, and among then, nine(90%)cases were identical with the NPC test and one(10%)case was different. Twenty six(64%)patients had photophobia in one eye and all(100%)cases were identical with the NPC test. In intermittent exotropia, determination of dominant eye by the NPC test showed high coincidence with other tests. Therefore, we suggest that the NPC test is an easy and accurate method in determining either the dominant or non-dominant eye for surgery.
Amblyopia ; Dominance, Ocular* ; Exotropia* ; Humans ; Photophobia ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: To evaluate the association between ocular dominance, hand dominance and eye deviation in orthophoric and strabismus patients under general anesthesia during surgery. METHODS: The subjects were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 was composed of 38 patients who underwent strabismus surgery and group 2 was composed of 107 patients who underwent non-strabismus surgery under general anesthesia. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), dominant hand and fixating eye were obtained before surgery, and ocular dominance was assessed using the hole-in-the-card test. Under general anesthesia, we took a digital photo of both eyes, and the deviating eye was determined. RESULTS: Under general anesthesia, the deviated eye showed no statistically significant correlation to the dominant eye and dominant hand in group I, respectively (p = 0.61, 0.74, respectively). In group II, there was no correlation between the deviated eye and the dominant eye (p = 0.65). The deviated eye also showed no correlation to the dominant hand in group II (p = 0.61). CONCLUSIONS: There was no correlation between the dominant and deviated eye under general anesthesia in the strabismus surgery group and the non-strabismus surgery group. Also, there was no correlation between the dominant hand and the deviated eye in patients under general anesthesia in the 2 groups.
Anesthesia, General* ; Dominance, Ocular ; Hand* ; Humans ; Strabismus ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: To measure and analyze ocular deviations between dominant and non-dominant eyes using video-oculography (VOG) in intermittent exotropia. METHODS: Fourteen subjects who were diagnosed with intermittent exotropia from July 2017 to July 2018 with age of 5 or more, visual acuity of 20/30 or better and corrected visual acuity of 20/25 or more and difference in vision of both eyes of 1 line or less on Snellen optotype were included. The subjects were asked to fixate on a black-on-white optotype at 1 m, which subtended a visual angle of 50 minutes of arc. The video files and data about ocular deviations were obtained using VOG with alternate cover test. We analyzed angles of ocular deviations in dominant and non-dominant eyes. RESULTS: Among the 14 subjects in this study, the mean age were 7.6 ± 1.7 (range 5–9 years). Seven of 14 subjects had the right eye dominance. Six of the 14 subjects were men. There was no significant difference of ocular deviations between the dominant and non-dominant eyes in VOG (p = 0.167). Additionally, there was no significant difference of the values of VOG when one eye was exodeviated or re-fixated (p = 0.244), when both eyes were deviated, and when both eyes were re-fixated (p = 0.195, 0.637). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, there was no significant difference of ocular deviations between the dominant and non-dominant eyes, between when an eye was exodeviated or fixated using VOG. Therefore, it may not be a problem even if alternate prism cover test is performed in any eye in intermittent exotropia of more than 50 prism diopter without amblyopia or refraction abnormality that could affect the uncorrected visual acuity.
Amblyopia ; Dominance, Ocular ; Exotropia ; Humans ; Male ; Strabismus ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: To investigate the relationship between dominant eye and refractive error in patients with myopic anisometropia. METHODS: This study population consisted of myopes less than 15 years old who were followed up for anisometropia defined as interocular difference of spherical equivalent (SE) ≥1.0 diopter (D). All patients underwent the hole-in-the-card test at far and near to determine ocular dominance. The data were analyzed for statistical significance using Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: A total of 102 eyes in 51 patients were analyzed. The mean age of the patients was 10.4 ± 1.4 years and 54.9% were male. The mean SE was −2.97 ± 1.95 D in the right eye and −3.02 ± 1.92 D in the left eye. The right eye was the dominant eye in 43.1% and 37.3% at distance and near, respectively. The agreement of dominancy between distant and near was 82.4%. The near dominant eyes showed statistically significant accordance with more myopic eyes (p = 0.009). On the other hand, there was no statistically significant relationship between more myopic eyes and distant dominant eyes (p = 0.09). CONCLUSIONS: The near dominant eye was more myopic eye in patients with myopic anisometropia. This was considered to be related with the lag of accommodation in dominant eye with near distance.
Anisometropia ; Dominance, Ocular ; Hand ; Humans ; Male ; Myopia ; Refractive Errors

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of dominant and non-dominant vision in controlling posture in quiet stance. METHOD: Twenty-five healthy elderly subjects aged over 60 years old and twenty-five young subjects aged under 30 years old were assessed by computerized dynamic posturography. Postural stability was measured in two conditions; dominant eye open and non-dominant eye open. We used the sensory organization test (SOT) for evaluating sensory impairment. A SOT assessed the subject's ability to use and integrate somatosensory input, vision, and vestibular cues effectively to maintain balance. The SOT was conducted 3 times, and the average value of the 3 trials was used for data analysis. Equilibrium scores reflected the subject's anteroposterior sway. The highest possible score was 100, which indicated that the subject did not sway at all, and a score of 0 indicated a fall from the footplate. Determination of ocular dominance was performed by a hole-in-the card test. RESULTS: For the twenty-five young subjects in this study, equilibrium score in two conditions did not differ. However, for elderly subjects over 60 years, the equilibrium score in dominant vision was higher than in nondominant vision (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: In young subjects, there were no significant differences in postural control between dominant vision and non-dominant vision. However, in elderly subjects, postural control in non-dominant vision was significantly impaired. Therefore, the evaluation of a dominant eye should be considered in rehabilitation programs for elderly people.
Aged ; Cues ; Dominance, Ocular ; Eye ; Humans ; Posture ; Statistics as Topic ; Vision, Ocular

PURPOSE: To evaluate the anatomical difference between the dominant and nondominant eyes in healthy, young adults by measuring macular, peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (PRNFL), and macular ganglion cell layer (MGCL) thicknesses. METHODS: Two hundred healthy adults were recruited and assessed for ocular dominance using 'a hole in the card test'. PRNFL, macular and MGCL thicknesses of both eyes were measured using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences for average thicknesses of MGCL in each of the six areas between the dominant and nondominant eyes. No difference was observed between temporal, inferior, average PRNFL thickness and macular thickness in dominant and nondominant eyes. CONCLUSIONS: There was no intraocular anatomical difference between the dominant and nondominant eyes in healthy, young adults.
Adult ; Dominance, Ocular ; Ganglion Cysts ; Humans ; Nerve Fibers ; Retinaldehyde ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: To evaluate differences between dominant and non-dominant eyes through analyzing refractive factors in determination of the dominant eye. METHODS: Sixty-two subjects without underlying ocular disease were recruited. Ocular dominance was determined using the hole-in-the-card test. Uncorrected visual acuity, refractive error, and intraocular pressure (IOP) were checked in both eyes. RESULTS: Mean uncorrected visual acuity of the dominant and non-dominant eye were 0.41 and 0.39, respectively. The number of patients whose uncorrected visual acuity of the dominant eye was superior to the non-dominant eye was 18(29%), and inferior to the non-dominant eye was 18(29%). Mean refractive power in the dominant eye was -3.2 diopter and -3.43 diopter degrees in the non-dominant eye, therefore no difference in degrees of myopia between the groups (P=0.282) was observed. The number of patients whose dominant eye had a greater degree of myopia than the non-dominant eye was 24(39%) and the patients with a lower degree of myopia in the dominant eye was 32(52%). Astigmatism of the dominant eye was lower than the non-dominant eye in 35(56%) of the patients, thus a significant relationship was shown between astigmatism and the dominant eye (P=0.0014). The mean IOP of the dominant eye was 15.4 mmHg and the non-dominant eye was 15.7 mmHg, showing no significant difference between eyes. CONCLUSIONS: The dominant eye showed a lower degree of astigmatism than the non-dominant eye. The previous belief that myopia is more progressed in the dominant eye than the non-dominant eye because of excessive accommodative use of the dominant eye requires further study.
Astigmatism ; Dominance, Ocular ; Eye ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Myopia ; Refractive Errors ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: To evaluate differences between dominant and non-dominant eyes by analyzing angle kappa in dominant and non-dominant eyes. METHODS: Fifty-seven subjects who had best corrected visual acuity 20/20 in the better-seeing eye and no underlying ocular disease were recruited. Ocular dominance was determined using the hole-in-the-card test. Corneal topography, refractive error, intraocular pressure (IOP), and axial length were evaluated in both eyes. RESULTS: On corneal topography examination, the angle kappa and white-to-white measurements were significantly smaller in the dominant eye than the non-dominant eye (p = 0.013 and p = 0.045, respectively). However, no significant differences in sim K's' astigmatism (p = 0.210), central corneal thickness (p = 0.533), and anterior chamber depth (p = 0.216) were observed. In addition, cylindrical powers of the subjects measured by autorefraction (AR) were significantly lower in the dominant eye (p = 0.026); however no differences in spherical equivalent measured by AR (p = 0.061), IOP measured using pneumonic tonometer (p = 0.536), or axial length measured using laser biometry (p = 0.093) were observed. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we found the angle kappa a new factor in determining the dominant and non-dominant eye. Difference in axial length and spherical equivalent between dominant and non-dominant eye may be associated with the difference in angle kappa.
Anterior Chamber ; Astigmatism ; Biometry ; Corneal Topography ; Dominance, Ocular ; Intraocular Pressure ; Refractive Errors ; Visual Acuity