BACKGROUND: Although the suicide rate in Korea is the highest in the world, only limited studies have been done on suicide and its associated factors. In this regard, we studied a conceptual model and the relationships and interactions of activity of daily living (ADL), social support, depression, and suicidal ideation among elderly women in Korea. METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study, subjects included 194 community-dwelling elderly women. Their ADL, multi-dimensional scale of perceived social support (MSPSS), depression, and suicidal ideation (SI) were examined. The t-test, ANOVA test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, multiple regression analysis, and structural equation modeling were utilized in data analysis. RESULTS: There were significant correlations between SI and economic status, social support, and depression. Depression was correlated with not only SI but also ADL (r=0.195, P=0.006) and social support (r=-0.337, P<0.001). Absolute fit indices demonstrated that the research model had a good model fit. There were significant factor loading values from depression to SI (standardized estimate=0.157, P=0.023) and from social support to SI (standardized estimate=-0.308, P<0.001). There were two indirect effects from social support to SI and from ADL to SI. The mediating factor of these two indirect effects was depression. CONCLUSIONS: Suicidal ideation in the elderly needs to be prevented; and more attention should be given to this end. Social support programs encouraging family participation are greatly effective in prevention of senior citizens' suicidal ideation.
Activities of Daily Living ; Aged* ; Depression ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Negotiating ; Statistics as Topic ; Suicidal Ideation* ; Suicide

No abstract available.
Hair Follicle* ; Hair* ; Nevus*

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to test effects of a cognition activation program on ADL, cognitive functions, depression, and QOL in the institutionalized elderly. METHODS: The subjects were 40 elders who were admitted to a nursing home, with 20 of them in the experimental group and the other 20 in the control group. Data were collected from September 1 to December 17, 2012. The experimental group participated in a 12 week intervention program. ADL, cognitive functions, depression, and QOL were measured before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed by t-test and regression analysis of the SPSS and AMOS programs. RESULTS: ADL (t=2.468, p=.017), depression (t=-2.625, p=012), and QOL (t=2.428, p=.020) were more significantly improved in the experimental group than in the control group, but there were no statistical differences in cognitive function between the two groups. Cognitive functions had positive effects on ADL (CR=-2.263, p=.024) and depression affected QOL (CR=-7.248, p<.001). CONCLUSION: The intervention program had positive effects on ADL, depression, and QOL except cognition. Cognitive functions of elders dramatically decrease after age 85, and it takes too much time to improve it. Therefore the program for the improvement of cognitive functions should be provided as early as possible.
Activities of Daily Living ; Aged ; Cognition* ; Depression ; Humans ; Clinical Trial ; Korea* ; Nursing Homes ; Quality of Life

BACKGROUND: Although oral health in the elderly significantly affects their physical health and quality of life, there have only been limited studies on the relationship between oral health and quality of life. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between oral health, ADL, depression and quality of life in the elderly in Korea, and to provide data to assist the development of health promotion programs in this population. METHODS: Study subjects included 201 community dwelling elders recruited during December 1 to 31, 2013. Data collected included socio-demographics, oral health (OHIP-14), activity of daily living (ADL), depression status (GDS-SF) and quality of life (QOL). For data analysis, ANOVA test, t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis were performed using the SPSS 20.0 and AMOS 20.0. RESULTS: Average score of OHIP was 0.71, depression was 6.34 and QOL was 2.12. There were significant differences in OHIP according to education (F=7.49, P=0.001), economic status (F=4.08, P=0.018) and disease staus (F=3.08, P=0.048). Also there were statistically significant differences in the depression status according to education (F=7.49, P=0.001) and economic status (F=4.08, P=0.018), and in QOL according to education (F=7.01, P=0.001), economic status (F=4.87, P=0.009) and disease (F=11.04, P<0.001). ADL influenced OHIP and depression, OHIP influenced depression and depression influenced QOL. CONCLUSIONS: Oral health in the elderly should be considered in developing health programs for quality of life.
Activities of Daily Living ; Aged* ; Depression* ; Education ; Female ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Korea ; Oral Health* ; Quality of Life* ; Statistics as Topic

BACKGROUND: Although oral health in the elderly significantly affects their physical health and quality of life, there have only been limited studies on the relationship between oral health and quality of life. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between oral health, ADL, depression and quality of life in the elderly in Korea, and to provide data to assist the development of health promotion programs in this population. METHODS: Study subjects included 201 community dwelling elders recruited during December 1 to 31, 2013. Data collected included socio-demographics, oral health (OHIP-14), activity of daily living (ADL), depression status (GDS-SF) and quality of life (QOL). For data analysis, ANOVA test, t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis were performed using the SPSS 20.0 and AMOS 20.0. RESULTS: Average score of OHIP was 0.71, depression was 6.34 and QOL was 2.12. There were significant differences in OHIP according to education (F=7.49, P=0.001), economic status (F=4.08, P=0.018) and disease staus (F=3.08, P=0.048). Also there were statistically significant differences in the depression status according to education (F=7.49, P=0.001) and economic status (F=4.08, P=0.018), and in QOL according to education (F=7.01, P=0.001), economic status (F=4.87, P=0.009) and disease (F=11.04, P<0.001). ADL influenced OHIP and depression, OHIP influenced depression and depression influenced QOL. CONCLUSIONS: Oral health in the elderly should be considered in developing health programs for quality of life.
Activities of Daily Living ; Aged* ; Depression* ; Education ; Female ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Korea ; Oral Health* ; Quality of Life* ; Statistics as Topic

BACKGROUND: According to the 2013 statistics, The prevalence rate of depression of women was twice compare to man. Especially, about 53% of depression patients were women over age 40. So this study was conducted to analyze whether women's depression is influenced by their socio-demographic characteristics, life stress, and social support. METHODS: This study was a descriptive survey, and data were collected during the period from the 1st to 31st of August in 2015, using a self-reporting questionnaire from 196 women aged between 40 and 60 who were sampled from an urban area through convenient sampling. RESULTS: First, among the sub-factors of life stress, health-related & role conflict stress were highest. And life stress was higher when social support was low. Second, social support was higher when exercise was done regularly. Lastly, the results of structural equation modeling analysis showed that life stress and social support had a significant effect on depression. Life stress had a significant direct effect on social support, and social support had a significant direct effect on depression. Life stress had an indirect effect on depression through the medium of social support, and their explanatory power was R2=0.68 and R2=0.64, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirmed that depression was in a very close relationship with life stress and social support. This finding suggests that future health policies for managing middle-aged women's depression should focus on reducing life stress and reinforcing their social support.
Depression* ; Female ; Health Policy ; Humans ; Prevalence ; Stress, Psychological

BACKGROUND: Although oral health in the elderly significantly affects their physical health and quality of life, there have only been limited studies on the relationship between oral health and quality of life. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between oral health, ADL, depression and quality of life in the elderly in Korea, and to provide data to assist the development of health promotion programs in this population. METHODS: Study subjects included 201 community dwelling elders recruited during December 1 to 31, 2013. Data collected included socio-demographics, oral health (OHIP-14), activity of daily living (ADL), depression status (GDS-SF) and quality of life (QOL). For data analysis, ANOVA test, t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis were performed using the SPSS 20.0 and AMOS 20.0. RESULTS: Average score of OHIP was 0.71, depression was 6.34 and QOL was 2.12. There were significant differences in OHIP according to education (F=7.49, P=0.001), economic status (F=4.08, P=0.018) and disease staus (F=3.08, P=0.048). Also there were statistically significant differences in the depression status according to education (F=7.49, P=0.001) and economic status (F=4.08, P=0.018), and in QOL according to education (F=7.01, P=0.001), economic status (F=4.87, P=0.009) and disease (F=11.04, P<0.001). ADL influenced OHIP and depression, OHIP influenced depression and depression influenced QOL. CONCLUSIONS: Oral health in the elderly should be considered in developing health programs for quality of life.
Activities of Daily Living ; Aged ; Depression ; Education ; Female ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Korea ; Oral Health ; Quality of Life ; Statistics as Topic

Objective: This study aimed to identify the central symptoms of late-life depression using network analysis and the item response theory. Methods: A total of 3,472 older adults were enrolled and the Geriatric Depression Scale-15 (GDS-15) was used to evaluate the depressive symptoms. To identify the central symptoms and the network structures among the individual symptoms, the analyses of symptom network structures and item response theory were performed. Results: Among items on the GDS-15, “Happy,” “Hopeless,” “Empty,” “Bored,” “Worthless,” and “Good spirits” showed significantly higher strength centrality than the other symptoms. Among all the edges, the edge between “Empty” and “Bored” was the strongest; however, these two symptoms were not connected strongly to other symptoms. In the analysis of item response theory, “Empty,” “Bored,” “Hopeless,” “Worthless,” “Happy,” “Helpless,” and “Satisfied” presented a very high value on the discrimination parameter. Conclusion Our study identified the central symptoms and the network structures among symptoms listed on the GDS-15. Most of central symptoms identified by network analysis and item response theory coincided. Our results suggest that these central symptoms need to be prioritized as highly comorbid symptoms and can contribute to the development of a brief screening tool for the elderly.

Background: The relationship between cystitis glandularis (CG) and bladder malignancy remains unclear. Methods: We identified the oncologic significance of CG at the molecular level using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis of 10 CG, 12 urothelial carcinoma (UC), and nine normal urothelium (NU) specimens. Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified based on an analysis of variance false discovery rate < 0.05, and their functional enrichment was analyzed using a network model, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, and Gene Ontology annotation. Results: We identified 9,890 proteins across all samples and 1,139 DEPs among the three entities. A substantial number of DEPs overlapped in CG/NU, distinct from UC. Interestingly, we found that a subset of DEP clusters (n = 53, 5%) was differentially expressed in NU but similarly between CG and UC. This “UC-like signature” was enriched for reactive oxygen species (ROS) and energy metabolism, growth and DNA repair, transport, motility, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and cell survival. Using the top 10 shortlisted DEPs, including SOD2, PRKCD, CYCS, and HCLS1, we identified functional elements related to ROS metabolism, development, and transport using network analysis. The abundance of these four molecules in UC/CG than in NU was consistent with the oncologic functions in CG. Conclusions Using a proteomic approach, we identified a predominantly non-neoplastic landscape of CG, which was closer to NU than to UC. We also confirmed a small subset of common DEPs in UC and CG, suggesting that altered ROS metabolism might imply potential cancerous risks in CG.

Background: This study aimed to compare the effects of applying a vibrating foam roller before resistance exercise versus after resistance exercise on changes in serum muscle damage markers, muscle stiffness, and range of motion. This study also aimed to provide foundational data for optimizing the timing of vibrating foam roller application to enhance recovery after resistance exercise in practical settings. Methods: Twelve healthy adult males were recruited as participants. Each participant was subjected to three interventions in a random order with a washout period of at least 5 days: vibration foam rolling before resistance exercise, vibration foam rolling after resistance exercise, and resistance exercise without vibration foam rolling. Blood creatine kinase, knee flexion range of motion, and muscle stiffness were measured before, immediately after, 24 hours after, and 48 hours after exercise and foam rolling protocols. Results: Creatine kinase levels in vibration foam rolling after resistance exercise were significantly lower than those in vibration foam rolling before resistance exercise at 24 and 48 hours post-exercise. Muscle stiffness was significantly lower immediately and 24 hours post-exercise in vibration foam rolling after resistance exercise than in vibration foam rolling before resistance exercise and resistance exercise without vibration foam rolling. Knee flexion range of motion was significantly lower in resistance exercise without vibration foam rolling than in vibration foam rolling after resistance exercise at 24 and 48 hours post-exercise. Conclusions The application of vibration foam rolling after resistance exercise was more effective than that before exercise in decreasing muscle damage markers, reducing muscle stiffness, and improving the range of motion.