No abstract available.
Spondylolisthesis*

No abstract available.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: After introduction of MRI with excellent capability of diagnosis In intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), old ICH is more readily detected in patients with ischemic stroke. However, very few studies have addressed the identification of clinical significance of mixed stroke. The aims of the study are to elucidate the incidence and the location of the coexisting ICH in non-embolic ischemic stroke. Also we tried to seek the difference of the vascular risk factors between ischemic strokes combined with and without ICH. MEHTODS: Having 222 patients with non-embolic ischemic stroke as subjects, we reviewed the clinical data and MRIs of them retrospectively. We have defined mixed stroke as ischemic stroke combined with MR evidence of coexisting old ICH. The diagnosis of old ICH was made on the basis of the following findings; T2 weighted image showing a low signal intensity lesion with or without a hyperintesity area within it, and Tl weighted image revealing a low intensity lesion in the corresponding area. The frequency of vascular risk factors in the patients with mixed stroke was compared to that of those with pure ischemic stroke. RESULTS: MRI examinations showed old coexisting ICH in 10.4% (23) of 222 non-embolic ischemic stroke patients. Of 23 patients, nineteen patients had old ICH associated with multiple lacunar infarction and others were cortical infarction. The anatomic distribution of the hemorrhage was as follows; basal ganglia and internal capsule 19(78.3%), thalamus 3(13.1%), corona radiata 1 (4.3%), cerebellum 1 (4.3%). Analyzing the vascular risk factors, no significant difference was noted between lacunar infarctions and mixed stroke. CONCLUSION: The results of the study support that lacunar infarction and hypertensive ICH are bases on similar vascular pathophysiology. Therefore, old intracerebral hemorrhage may have a similar significance as a risk factor like previous ischemic stroke and inadvertent anti-thrombotic therapy might be avoided in certain stroke subtypes, which must be defined in future study.
Basal Ganglia ; Cerebellum ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; Diagnosis ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infarction ; Internal Capsule ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Stroke* ; Stroke, Lacunar ; Thalamus

The authors have experienced 62 cases of chronic subdural hematoma from Jan. 1987 to May 1992 at National Medical Center. In these cases, 58 cases of chronic subdural hematoma were treated with burr hole and closed draninage, 4 cases were managed with conservative management. Male was predominant to female with the ratio of 6:1 and common age was 50-60 years old. Most common causes was head injury and there was cases of chronic subdural hematoma developed after shunt operation. Common symptom was mental change and headache. Brain expansion was delayed in old age group(over 50 years old), Brain CT was available in diagnosis but brain MRI was useful in diagnosis of scantly chronic subdural hematoma. Surgical outcome was related to preoperative neurologic grade and time interval of diagnosis. In this study, clinical improvement rates was 88% in surgically treated cases.
Brain ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Headache ; Hematoma, Subdural, Chronic* ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male

Two hundreds and four consecutive patients who sustained proven spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage with conservative treatment were studied retrospectively. The reasons for conservative treatment were poor condition for surgery, difficulties in surgery and operation refusal. Comparative study was done in proven 47 cases of aneurysmal SAH, 27 cases of SAH with negative angiography and 130 cases of SAH without angiography about age, aneurysm site & size, neurologic grade mortality & morbidity, etc. Death had occurred in 2 weeks after attack predominantly. Rebleeding was most common cause of mortality(64%, 68/107). Survivals had good quality of life(73%, 19/26).
Aneurysm ; Angiography ; Disulfiram ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Humans ; Mortality ; Retrospective Studies ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Mayer-Rokitansky-Kster-Hauser Syndrome is characterized by the absence of the vagina and uterus, the presence of apparently normal tubes and ovaries, feminine appeara-nce, normal female secondary sexual characteristics, a normal 46,XX karyotype, and a fem-inine psychosexual orientation. Various methods of surgical treatment have been introduced, but the ideal method is still not found. The two cases reviewed in this paper were all treated with McIndoe operation using full thickness skin graft. Both women were satisfied with vaginal depth and excellent result was achieved. We report two vaginoplasties in patients of Mayer-Rokitansky-Kster-Hauser Syndr- ome including a brief review of literature.
Female ; Humans ; Karyotype ; Ovary ; Skin ; Transplants ; Uterus ; Vagina

BACKGROUND: Studies on the incidence and seasonality of respiratory viruses that are the main cause of lower respiratory tract disease in children are insufficient in Korea. In the present study, the epidemiology of respiratory viruses in children was studied during the last 2 years and, the indirect immunofluorescent (IF) method was compared with the direct IF method. METHODS: A total of 814 pediatric inpatients hospitalized for lower respiratory tract infection at Hanyang University Hospital were studied from April, 1996 to July, 1998. Nasopharyngeal aspirates were obtained from these patients and indirect IF (Respiratory Panel I Viral Screening & Identification Kit, Light Diagnostics, Chemicon, Temecula, CA, USA) was performed for the following viruses : respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), parainfluenza virus type I, II and III, influenza virus A, B, and adenovirus. Sixty-nine of these samples were tested by direct IF (IMAGENTM, DAKO, UK) and indirect IF, simultaneously. RESULTS: 1) Viral pathogens were detected in 30.5% of nasopharyngeal aspirates. Among the positive cases, RSV was 60.6%, influenza A 35.3%, adenovirus 5.2%, influenza B 4.0%, and parainfluenza II 0.8%. 2) The occurrence rate of RSV in spring, summer, fall and winter was 7.3%, 13.6%, 31.45%, 33.45%, respectively, and showed a unique pattern in that the incidence rate in the summer of 1997 was 22.2%. A unique pattern was also observed for influenza A, which was continuously detected from December 1997 to July 1998. 3) The positive rate of indirect IF was statistically higher than that of direct IF. Excluding the results of the influenza A, there was no statistically significant difference between the two methods. CONCLUSION: RSV was the most frequently detected virus in viral respiratory infections in children. Infection usually began in the fall and most frequently detected in the winter and lasted until spring. High incidence of RSV in summer 1997 and continuous detection of influenza A till summer 1997 suggest some change of epidemic pattern. The discordance between direct and indirect IF was probably due to the difference in quality of the anti-influenza A reagent rather than a real difference in the two methods.
Adenoviridae ; Child* ; Epidemiologic Studies* ; Epidemiology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Influenza, Human ; Inpatients ; Korea ; Mass Screening ; Orthomyxoviridae ; Paramyxoviridae Infections ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses ; Respiratory Tract Diseases ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; Seasons

No abstract available.
Clone Cells* ; Cloning, Organism* ; DNA* ; Flagellin* ; Helicobacter pylori* ; Helicobacter* ; Sequence Analysis, DNA*

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to investigate the quality of basic life support (BLS) information for primary Korean-speaking individuals on the internet.METHODS: Using the Google © search engine, we searched for the terms ‘CPR’, ‘cardiopulmonary resuscitation (in Korean)’ and ‘cardiac arrest (in Korean)’. The accuracy, reliability and accessibility of web pages was evaluated based on the 2015 American heart association(AHA) guidelines for CPR & emergency cardiovascular care, the health on the net foundation code of conduct and Korean web content accessibility guidelines 2.1, respectively.RESULTS: Of the 178 web pages screened, 50 met criteria for inclusion. The overall quality of BLS information was not enough (median 5/7, IQR 4.75-6). 23(36%) pages were created in accordance with 2010 AHA guidelines. Only 24(48%) web pages educated on how to use the automated electrical defibrillator. The attribution and transparency of the reliability of pages was relatively low, 20(40%) and 16(32%). The web accessibility score was relatively high.CONCLUSION: A small of proportion of internet web pages searched by Google have high quality BLS information for a Korean-speaking population. Web pages based on past guideline were still being searched. The notation of the source of CPR information and the transparency of the author should be improved. The verification and evaluation of the quality of BLS information exposed to the Internet are continuously needed.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Defibrillators ; Education ; Emergencies ; Heart ; Heart Arrest ; Internet ; Resuscitation ; Search Engine

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy between switching patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) from galantamine or rivastigmine to donepezil because they were not responding adequately, and naive patients with AD who initiated therapy with donepezil. METHODS: A total of 108 patients were recruited for this 52-week study. The effect of donepezil on cognitive function was measured using Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale-preliminary Korean version (ADAS-cog-K). Patients' activities of daily living using Seoul-Activities of Daily Living (S-ADL) and the Seoul-Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (S-IADL);behavioral symptoms using the Korean version Neuropsychiatric Inventory (K-NPI) were measured at baseline, 13-weeks, 26-weeks, 39-weeks and 52-weeks. We defined the responsive patients to donepezil at those who showed a cognitive improvement or no change during the first six-month clinical trial. RESULTS: 86 naive patients and 22 switching patients were enrolled in the study. 74 patients completed the study and 34 discontinued their treatment before week 52. There was no significant difference between two patient groups in demographic data, baseline characteristics and dementia severity except duration of illness. The total ADAS-cog-K scores were not significantly different from baseline after 52 weeks of treatment in both groups. Both groups demonstrated deterioration of S-ADL and S-IADL at 52 weeks. The NPI scores did not significantly change in both groups. Based on the operational criteria, 61.6% of the naive group and 54.5% of the switching group were responders to donepezil. CONCLUSION: The switching group had similar levels of efficacy with the naive group who initiated therapy with donepezil. These results suggest that patients not responding adequately to rivastigmine or galantamine may improve or stabilize after switching to donepezil and prior medication does not effect donepezil's efficacy.