A twenty-month-old Chihuahua male dog was presented to us suffering with ataxia. Based on the physical examination, X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations, we diagnosed the dog with hydrocephalus, Chiari I malformation and syringomyelia. Treatment consisted of internal medical treatment and the placement of a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt. The ventricular dilatation was relieved and the dog improved neurologically; however, the Chiari I malformation and syringomyelia remained after surgically positioning the VP shunt.
Animals ; Dog Diseases/*therapy ; Dogs ; Hydrocephalus/diagnosis/therapy/*veterinary ; Male ; Syringomyelia/*veterinary ; Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt/*veterinary

Hyperadrenocorticism, a disorder characterized by excessive production of cortisol by the adrenal cortex, is wellrecognized in dogs. A 10-year-old, intact male, Yorkshire terrier dog was evaluated because of corneal ulceration and generalized alopecia. Diagnosis was made based on history taking, clinical signs, physical examination, and results of routine laboratory testing (complete blood count, serum biochemical analysis, and urinalysis). In addition, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test and abdominal ultrasonography were also used to diagnose this case. The patient was diagnosed as adrenal gland neoplasia and medical therapy using the adrenocorticolytic agent, mitotane, was initiated. An ACTH stimulation test was performed after initial therapy. After successful induction was obtained, maintenance therapy with mitotane still continued.
Adrenal Gland Neoplasms/complications/diagnosis/drug therapy/*veterinary ; Adrenocortical Hyperfunction/diagnosis/drug therapy/etiology/*veterinary ; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/blood ; Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/*therapeutic use ; Dog Diseases/*drug therapy ; Dogs ; Male ; Mitotane/*therapeutic use ; Radiography, Abdominal/veterinary ; Tomography, X-Ray/veterinary

A 5 year-old spayed female Cavalier King Charles Spaniel was presented after a 3- to 5-day onset of severe respiratory distress. The dog also had a history of several episodes of syncope prior to presentation. A comprehensive diagnostic investigation revealed a midsystolic click sound on cardiac auscultation, signs of left sided cardiac enlargement in ECG and thoracic radiography, mitral valvular leaflet protrusion into left the atrium, decreased E-point-to septal separation (EPSS) and mitral regurgitated flow in echocardiography, all of which are characteristic signs of mitral valvular prolapse. After intensive care with antidiuretics and a vasodilator with oxygen supplement, the condition of the dog was stabilized. The dog was then released and is being medicated with angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor with regular follow-up.
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Animals ; Diuretics/therapeutic use ; Dog Diseases/*diagnosis/drug therapy ; Dogs ; Enalapril/therapeutic use ; Female ; Furosemide/therapeutic use ; Mitral Valve Prolapse/diagnosis/drug therapy/*veterinary

In human medicine, diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is usually based on measurement of capillary 3-beta-hydroxybutyrate (3-HB) with a hand held ketone sensor. This study was conducted to determine if measurement of capillary 3-HB could be useful for the diagnosis and monitoring of canine DKA. Fifteen dogs with diabetic ketosis and 10 with DKA were evaluated. Paired measurements of 3-HB of capillary and venous blood samples were analysed by the electrochemical sensor and reference method. Use of capillary 3-HB measurement during DKA management was then evaluated through simultaneous measurements of capillary 3-HB, urinary AcAc and venous blood gas analysis. Good agreement between capillary and venous 3-HB measurement was detected by the electrochemical sensor and reference method. Monitoring treatment of DKA revealed a significant correlation between capillary 3-HB and acidosis markers, while no significant correlation was observed between AcAc and acidosis markers. A cut-off value of capillary blood 3-HB >3.8 mmol/L for diagnosis of DKA resulted in 70% and 92% sensitivity and specificity. The electrochemical sensor accurately measures 3-HB concentration in both capillary and venous blood samples, is accurate in diagnosing canine DKA, and appears to reflect the patient's metabolic status during DKA treatment.
3-Hydroxybutyric Acid/blood/*diagnostic use ; Animals ; Blood Chemical Analysis/standards/*veterinary ; Blood Specimen Collection/instrumentation/*veterinary ; Capillaries/chemistry ; Diabetic Ketoacidosis/diagnosis/therapy/*veterinary ; Dog Diseases/*diagnosis/therapy ; Dogs ; Electrochemical Techniques/instrumentation/*veterinary

A two-year-old male Pointer had been presented with anorexia, cachexia, and weight loss of 10-day duration. Upon physical examination, fever, lethargy, superficial lymph node enlargement, and tick infestation were noted. The only abnormality in CBC and serum chemistry analyses was mild hyperglobulinemia. Spleen was enlarged by radiography, and the lymph nodes showed neutrophilic lymphadenitis by cytological examination. A polymerase chain reaction test for babesiosis and commercial ELISA tests for Ehrlichia canis, heartworm, and Lyme disease was negative except for Lyme disease, which was verified by both an IFA-IgG test and a quantitative C6 assay. Doxycycline was administered for 2 weeks and the recovery was uneventful. Post-treatment C6 titer decreased to within normal limits.
Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Dog Diseases/*diagnosis/drug therapy/epidemiology/pathology ; Dogs ; Doxycycline/therapeutic use ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/veterinary ; Korea/epidemiology ; Lyme Disease/drug therapy/epidemiology/pathology/*veterinary ; Lymph Nodes/pathology ; Male ; Spleen/radiography

Cancer stem cell (CSC) research has increased exponentially to gain further insight into the mechanisms underlying both carcinogenesis and chemotherapy resistance. The present study was performed to explore the potential value of a side population (SP) assay for identifying and characterizing putative CSCs among canine lymphoma cells. Canine lymphoma cells from cell lines and clinical samples were subjected to the SP assay consisting of Hoechst 33342 staining and subsequent flow cytometric analysis. The SP assay revealed various amounts of a SP fraction among the canine lymphoma cells. The percentages of SP were not affected by inhibitors of membrane transporters, verapamil hydrochloride, or fumitremorgin C. Most of the canine lymphoma cells expressed high levels of Bmi-1 and membrane transporter proteins such as ABCG2 and phosphorylated (p)-glycoprotein. This investigation lays the groundwork for further studies of the biological behaviors and molecular characteristics of CSCs in cases of canine lymphoma.
Animals ; Benzimidazoles/*metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Dog Diseases/*diagnosis/drug therapy/pathology ; Dogs ; Flow Cytometry/*methods/veterinary ; Fluorescent Dyes/*metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Lymphoma/diagnosis/drug therapy/pathology/*veterinary ; Neoplastic Stem Cells/drug effects/*metabolism/pathology ; Side-Population Cells/drug effects/*metabolism/pathology