Multilobular tumour of bone (MTB) is an uncommon tumour and is usually located in the skull. A 13-year-old mixed breed dog was presented with a two-week history of progressively worsening vestibular dysfunction and cognitive abnormalities; it appeared demented and showed asymmetric ataxia and hypermetria of all limbs. The owner opted to have the animal euthanised. Necropsy revealed a large mass occupying the right occipital, parietal and temporal bones, severely compressing the cerebellum and the right occipital lobe. Histologically, it was characterised by the presence of multiple lobules containing osteoid or cartilage and separated by fibrous septae, features typical of MTB. Lung metastases were evident. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an MTB causing both severe cerebral and cerebellar compression and the second detailed report of an MTB of the occipital bone. MTB should be included in the differential diagnosis of bone tumours as well as in cases with central vestibular disease.
Animals ; Dog Diseases/*diagnosis/pathology ; Dogs ; Male ; Skull/*pathology ; Skull Neoplasms/diagnosis/pathology/*veterinary

Nasal diseases are very common in dogs and rhinoscopy is often required for a definitive diagnosis. Rhinoscopy, while superficial in nature, can guide the clinician to the final diagnosis. In this study, rhinoscopy was performed on 54 dogs with symptoms of chronic nasopharyngeal disease. The endoscopic diagnosis of neoplasia or chronic nasal inflammation was validated with histological examination of pathological samples, in order to evaluate the degree of concordance between endoscopic findings and histological diagnosis. The agreement between endoscopy and histology was tested by application of Cohen's kappa coefficient. We conclude that correlation between endoscopic results and histological diagnosis, expressed by a Cohen's kappa coefficient of 0.73, is only possible with a constant cooperation between the clinician and the pathologist.
Animals ; Dog Diseases/*diagnosis/*pathology ; Dogs ; Endoscopy/methods/*veterinary ; Histological Techniques/veterinary ; Italy ; Nasopharyngeal Diseases/diagnosis/pathology/*veterinary

Diagnosis of acute pancreatitis in dogs remains a significant challenge despite the development of advanced diagnostic methodologies. Visual inspection and pancreas biopsy using laparoscopy are generally considered to be procedures free of complications when conducted on healthy animals. However, the usefulness of laparoscopy for diagnosing acute pancreatitis has not been assessed. In the present study, the efficacy of laparoscopy for diagnosing acute pancreatitis in dogs was evaluated in animals with experimentally induced acute pancreatitis. Gross appearance of the pancreatic area was examined by laparoscopy to survey for the presence of edema, adhesions, effusion, pseudocysts, hemorrhage, and fat necrosis. Laparoscopic biopsy was performed and the histopathologic results were compared to those of pancreatic samples obtained during necropsy. The correlation between laparoscopy and histopathologic findings of the pancreas was evaluated. The presence of adhesions, effusion, and hemorrhage in the pancreatic area observed by laparoscopy significantly correlated with the histopathologic results (p < 0.05). There was no significant relationship between the histopathologic and laparoscopic biopsy findings. Results of this study suggested that laparoscopic evaluation of gross lesions has clinical significance although the laparoscopic biopsy technique has some limitations. This method combined with additional diagnostic tools can be effective for diagnosing acute pancreatitis in dogs.
Acute Disease ; Animals ; Dog Diseases/*diagnosis/etiology ; Dogs ; Female ; Laparoscopy/*veterinary ; Male ; Pancreas/*pathology ; Pancreatitis/diagnosis/etiology/*veterinary

We describe 2 cases of malignant fibrous histiocytomas (MFHs) that spontaneously developed in young pet dogs. To classify these tumors, we applied a panel of antibodies (vimentin, desmin, alpha-SMA, and ED1) and Azan staining for collagen. The MFHs were most consistent with osteoclast-like giant and inflammatory cell types. The first case had positive staining for ED1 and vimentin, and given the osteoclast-like giant cells, calcification sites accompanying peripheral giant cell infiltrates. The latter case, the inflammatory cell type, exhibited a storiform-pleomorphic variant of neoplastic cells, including an ossifying matrix. MFHs are among the most highly aggressive tumors occurring in soft tissue sarcomas in elderly dogs; however, MFHs have been poorly studied from a diagnostic point of view. Herein, we describe the histologic and immunohistologic features of MFHs in detail, thus classifying the subtypes of these tumors.
Animals ; Biopsy/veterinary ; Dog Diseases/diagnosis/*pathology ; Dogs ; Female ; Histiocytoma, Malignant Fibrous/diagnosis/pathology/*veterinary ; Immunohistochemistry/veterinary ; Male ; Soft Tissue Neoplasms/diagnosis/pathology/*veterinary

Tracheal ultrasonography was performed to measure the width of the tracheal ring shadow and to assess the clinical relevance of these measurements for identifying tracheal collapse. The first tracheal ring width (FTRW) and thoracic inlet tracheal ring width (TITRW) were measured on both expiration and inspiration. The mean of the FTRW width (129 dogs) was greater in expiration (10.97 +/- 1.02 mm, p = 0.001) than that in inspiration (9.86 +/- 1.03 mm). For 51 normal dogs, the mean of the TITRW width was greater in expiration (9.05 +/- 1.52 mm, p = 0.001) than in inspiration (8.02 +/- 1.43 mm). For 78 tracheal collapse dogs, the mean of the TITRW width was greater in expiration (15.89 +/- 1.01 mm, p = 0.001) than in inspiration (14.85 +/- 1.17 mm). The TITRW/FTRW ratio of the normal dogs was higher (p = 0.001) in expiration (0.81 +/- 0.09) than that in inspiration (0.79 +/- 0.10). When compared between the normal and tracheal collapse dogs, the TITRW/FTRW ratio was also increased (p = 0.001) both in expiration (1.54 +/- 0.09) and inspiration (1.47 +/- 0.08), respectively. Based on these results, the cutoff level of the TITRW/FTRW ratio was statistically analyzed according to the receiver operating characteristic curve and it could be set at 1.16 in expiration and at 1.13 in inspiration. We have demonstrated that tracheal ultrasonography is a useful technique for the evaluation of tracheal collapse and it can be a supportive tool together with the radiographic findings for making the correct diagnosis.
Animals ; Dog Diseases/diagnosis/pathology/*ultrasonography ; Dogs ; Female ; Male ; Radiography, Thoracic/*veterinary ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Trachea/*pathology/radiography ; Tracheal Stenosis/diagnosis/pathology/veterinary

OBJECTIVETo perform pathological observation and etiological identification of specimens collected from dairy cows, beef cattle and dogs which were suspected of rabies in Inner Mongolia in 2011, and analyze their etiological characteristics.

METHODSPathological observation was conducted on the brain specimens of three infected animals with Hematoxylin-Eosin staining, followed by confirmation using immunofluorescence and nested RT-PCR methods. Finally, phylogenetic analysis was conducted using the virus N gene sequence amplified from three specimens.

RESULTSEosinophilic and cytoplasmic inclusion bodies were seen in neuronal cells of the CNS; and rabies non-characteristic histopathological changes were also detected in the CNS. The three brain specimens were detected positive. N gene nucleotide sequence of these three isolates showed distinct sequence identity, therefore they fell into different groups in the phylogenetic analysis. N gene in the cow and dog had higher homology with that in Hebei isolate, but that in the beef cattle had higher homology with that in Mongolian lupine isolate and Russian red fox isolate.

CONCLUSIONRabies were observed in the dairy cow, beef cattle and canine in the farm in Inner Mongolia, in 2011, which led to a different etiologic characteristics of the epidemic situation.

Acetazolamide ; Animals ; Brain ; pathology ; Cattle ; Cattle Diseases ; epidemiology ; pathology ; Dog Diseases ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; Dogs ; Mongolia ; epidemiology ; Nucleoproteins ; genetics ; Phylogeny ; Rabies ; epidemiology ; veterinary ; Rabies virus ; genetics ; Time Factors

A 9-year-old emasculated male Spitz with tenesmus and constipation had a subcutaneous mass at the left ventral aspect of the anus with history of polyuria and polydipsia. A complete blood cell count, serum biochemistry panel, and urinalysis (cystocentesis sample) were evaluated. Abnormalities in the serum biochemistry panel included a mildly elevated serum cholesterol concentration (7.28 mmol/L; reference interval, 2.70-5.94 mmol/L), increased serum alkaline phosphatase activity (184 U/L; reference interval, 9-90 U/L), alanine transaminase (122 U/L; reference interval, 5-60 U/L) activity and aspartate aminotransferase (80 U/L; reference interval, 5-55 U/L) activity, severe increased total calcium concentration (16.3 mg/dL; reference interval, 8.2-12.4 mg/dL or 9.3-11.4 mg/dL), and decreased total calcium concentration (3.4 mg/dL, reference interval, 2.5-5.6mg/dL). Furthermore, testing revealed an increased intact parathyroid hormone concentration (38.6 pmol/L; reference interval, 3-17 pmol/L). On cytologic and histopathologic examinations, various types of cells were observed. Most of the cells were oval to polygonal and had elliptical or elongate nuclei and a moderate amount of pale to basophilic cytoplasm. The remaining cells had round to oval nuclei and pale to basophilic cytoplasm. Cells of both types were loosely adhered to each other and were arranged in rosette-like structures. Both neoplastic cell types had fine homogenous chromatin and either a small indistinct nucleolus or no visible nucleolus. Mild anisokaryosis and anisocytosis were observed. Histologically, the mass consists of glandular structures formed by cuboidal cells admixed with bundles of spindle cells. Based on location and histologic features, the final diagnosis was adenocarcinoma of the apocrine gland of the anal sac, which should be included as a cytologic differential diagnosis when spindle cells and typical epithelial cells are observed in masses in the region of the anal sac of dogs.
Adenocarcinoma ; diagnosis ; pathology ; surgery ; veterinary ; Anal Gland Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Anal Sacs ; pathology ; surgery ; Animals ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Dog Diseases ; diagnosis ; pathology ; surgery ; Dogs ; Male ; Species Specificity ; Treatment Outcome ; Ultrasonography

A two-year-old male Pointer had been presented with anorexia, cachexia, and weight loss of 10-day duration. Upon physical examination, fever, lethargy, superficial lymph node enlargement, and tick infestation were noted. The only abnormality in CBC and serum chemistry analyses was mild hyperglobulinemia. Spleen was enlarged by radiography, and the lymph nodes showed neutrophilic lymphadenitis by cytological examination. A polymerase chain reaction test for babesiosis and commercial ELISA tests for Ehrlichia canis, heartworm, and Lyme disease was negative except for Lyme disease, which was verified by both an IFA-IgG test and a quantitative C6 assay. Doxycycline was administered for 2 weeks and the recovery was uneventful. Post-treatment C6 titer decreased to within normal limits.
Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Dog Diseases/*diagnosis/drug therapy/epidemiology/pathology ; Dogs ; Doxycycline/therapeutic use ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/veterinary ; Korea/epidemiology ; Lyme Disease/drug therapy/epidemiology/pathology/*veterinary ; Lymph Nodes/pathology ; Male ; Spleen/radiography

Cancer stem cell (CSC) research has increased exponentially to gain further insight into the mechanisms underlying both carcinogenesis and chemotherapy resistance. The present study was performed to explore the potential value of a side population (SP) assay for identifying and characterizing putative CSCs among canine lymphoma cells. Canine lymphoma cells from cell lines and clinical samples were subjected to the SP assay consisting of Hoechst 33342 staining and subsequent flow cytometric analysis. The SP assay revealed various amounts of a SP fraction among the canine lymphoma cells. The percentages of SP were not affected by inhibitors of membrane transporters, verapamil hydrochloride, or fumitremorgin C. Most of the canine lymphoma cells expressed high levels of Bmi-1 and membrane transporter proteins such as ABCG2 and phosphorylated (p)-glycoprotein. This investigation lays the groundwork for further studies of the biological behaviors and molecular characteristics of CSCs in cases of canine lymphoma.
Animals ; Benzimidazoles/*metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Dog Diseases/*diagnosis/drug therapy/pathology ; Dogs ; Flow Cytometry/*methods/veterinary ; Fluorescent Dyes/*metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Lymphoma/diagnosis/drug therapy/pathology/*veterinary ; Neoplastic Stem Cells/drug effects/*metabolism/pathology ; Side-Population Cells/drug effects/*metabolism/pathology

A 12-year-old spayed female mixed-bred dog presented with nasal bleeding of 2 days duration and a skin nodule in the left flank. No abnormalities were found in coagulation profiles and blood pressure. Cytological evaluation of the nodule revealed numerous characteristic round organisms having a nucleus and a bar within macrophages and in the background, consistent with leishmaniasis. In vitro culture was unsuccessful but PCR of the nodular aspirate identified the organisms as Leishmania infantum, and the final diagnosis was canine leishmaniasis. No history of travel to endemic countries was noted. Because the dog had received a blood transfusion 2 years before the illness, serological screening tests were performed in all donor dogs of the commercial blood bank using the commercial Leishmania ELISA test kit, and there were no positive results. Additional 113 dogs with hyperglobulinemia from Seoul were also screened with the same kits but no positive results were obtained. To the best of the author's knowledge this is the first autochthonous case of canine leishmaniasis in Korea.
Animals ; Base Sequence ; DNA, Protozoan/chemistry/genetics ; DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry/genetics ; Dog Diseases/*diagnosis/epidemiology ; Dogs ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/veterinary ; Female ; Giant Cells/pathology ; Leishmania infantum/genetics/immunology/*isolation & purification ; Leishmaniasis, Visceral/diagnosis/*veterinary ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary ; Protozoan Proteins/genetics ; Republic of Korea ; Sequence Analysis, DNA/veterinary ; Serologic Tests/veterinary