Tooth movement is the result of bone metabolism in the periodontium, where various cytokines take important roles. Interleukin-6(Il-6) and nitrous oxide (NO) were reported to be secreted from osteoblasts in the process of bone resorption. The mechanism of the process has not been clearly understood, but the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) was known to be an important process in the release of the inflammatory cytokines in macrophages. In this regard, to prove the role of MAPK in the release of IL-6 and NO in MC3T3E-1 osteoblasts, Northern blot analysis, Western blot analysis and immune complex kinase assay were used. As a result, the treatment of MC3T3E-1 osteoblast cultures with combined interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) induces expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and IL-6, resulting in sustained releases of large amounts of NO and IL-6. However, IFN-gamma, LPS, and TNF-alpha individually induce a non-detectable or small amount of NO and IL-6 in MC3T3E-1 osteoblasts. The role of MAPK activation in the early intracellular signal transduction involved in iNOS and IL-6 transcription in the combined agents-stimulated osteoblasts has been investigated. The p38 MAPK pathway is specifically involved in the combined agents-induced NO and IL-6 release, since NO and IL-6 release in the presence of a specific inhibitor of p38 MAPK, 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(4-metylsulfinylphenyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)imidazole) (SB203580), were significantly diminished. In contrast, PD98059, a specific inhibitor of MEK1, had no effect on NO and IL-6 release. Northern blot analysis showed that the p38 MAPK pathway controlled the iNOS and IL-6 transcription level. These data suggest that p38 MAPK play an important role in the secretion of NO and IL-6 in LPS/IFNgamma- or TNF-alpha/IFN-gamma-treated MC3T3E-1 osteotion of
Antigen-Antibody Complex ; Blotting, Northern ; Blotting, Western ; Bone Resorption ; Cytokines ; Interferon-gamma ; Interleukin-6* ; Macrophages ; Metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II ; Nitric Oxide* ; Nitrous Oxide ; Osteoblasts* ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; Periodontium ; Phosphotransferases* ; Protein Kinases ; Signal Transduction ; Tooth Movement ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the postretention change of class II malocclusion treatment and to examine which factors were related to the relapse. Seventy-eight treated cases were divided into two groups according to the stability of treatment results. Various measurements in pre-treatment and post-treatment lateral cephalograms were evaluated and comparisons were drawn between the stable and relapse group by t-test and correlation analysis. 1. There were only a few differences in the skeletodental relationship in the pre-treatment phase between the stable and the relapse group. 2. Mandibles in the stable group were repositioned more anteriorly than those in the relapse group. 3. Mandibular incisors were more uprighted to the basal bone and maxillary incisors were less lingualized in the stable group than in the relapse group. 4. Occlusal plane was inclined forward and downward in the relapse group.
Dental Occlusion ; Incisor ; Malocclusion ; Mandible ; Recurrence*

Differentiation of renal(RH) and non-renal(NRH) hematuria is important in the diagnosis and treatment of the patients with hematuria. Recently, urine RBC immunoperoxidase(IPx) staining method was developed, but there was no report on the usefulness of IPx in Korea. We validated the usefulness of IPx by comparing with the PCM. Both PCM and IPx were performed at the same time in 26 patients with RH confirmed by renal biopsy and 23 patients with NRH confirmed by radiologic and/or pathologic studies who were admitted to Chungbuk National University Hospital from January 1996 to December 1996. The age of RH and NRH group were 36.6+/-15.0 and 56.5+/-22.2 years. 35.7+/-30.4% of urine RBC were stained by IPx in RH group and only 1.6+/-4.4% were stained in NRH group(P<0.001). 23.4+/-29.9% of urine RBC by PCM were counted as dysmorphic RBC in RH group and 5.7+/-13.6% were counted in NRH group(P<0.05). At the cut-off value of 20%, the sensitivity and specificity of IPx were 57.7% and 100%. At the cut-off value of 30%, those of PCM were 30.9% and 95.7%, respectively. When comparing overall test performance by calculating AUCs of ROC(receiver operating characteristics) curve, IPx was better than PCM. IPx was better than PCM in localizing the origin of hematuria. The NRH might be excluded when IPx(+) cells are more than 20% of total urine RBC.
Area Under Curve ; Biopsy ; Chungcheongbuk-do ; Diagnosis ; Hematuria* ; Humans ; Korea ; Microscopy, Phase-Contrast* ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Uromodulin