Abnormalities of the short arm of chromosome 12 are relatively common in childhood ALL. Approximately 5~7% of children with ALL have cytogenetic evidence of a translocation involving 12p, whereas 3~5% have deletions which suggest the presence of a tumor suppressor gene at this location. Through the use of sensitive molecular techniques, 12p or 12p 12~13 loss of heterozygosity (LOH) has been demonstrated in approximately 25 oyo of childhood ALL cases. FISH mapping has detected a minimum region of overlap for the 12p deletions between the TEL(ETV6) and CDKN1B(KIP1) geness). Recently, chromosomal translocations involving the TEL gene at 12p13 have been cloned in several hematopoietic disorders. In ALL cells with thet(12;21)(p13;q22), the 5' part of TEL is fused with the AML1 gene. Abnormalities of 12p, especially the t(12 ; 21), are more reliably detected by FISH than by classical cytogenetics because the translocated portions 12p and 21q are virtually identical cytologically. When FISH was combined with Southern blotting and RT-PCR, the t(12;21) was identified as a recur-ring chromosomal abnormality in 16~25% of childhood B-lineage ALL. Despite the identification of the fusion partners in the t(12;21), the actual function of the TEL-AML1 and AML1-TEL fusion proteins in promoting malignant transformation is unclear. Whether the TEL-AML1 fusion alone is necessary and sufficient for malignant transformation in ALL and whether TEL inactivation has a role in leukemogenesis is currently unknown. Loss of the CDKN2(p16) gene at 9p21 is a common genetic abnormality in ALL and a variety of other malignancies. Homozygous CDKN2 deketions have been deteced in approximate 15% of B-lineage ALL and 75% of T-lineage ALL cases. The p16 protein functions as an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase 4, and normally acts to stop cell cycle progression. Whether loss of p16 alone is necessary and sufficient for malignant transformation in childhood ALL has not been determined.
Arm ; Blotting, Southern ; Cell Cycle ; Child ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12 ; Clone Cells ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 ; Cytogenetics ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Humans ; Loss of Heterozygosity ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; Translocation, Genetic

The fact that therapeutic hypothermia (TH) has lowered intracranial pressure and protected brain in severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is well known throughout past sources and experimental data. In this paper, the result of TH in TBI needs to be confirmed. The result of North American Brain Injury Study; Hypothermia (NAVIS-H) 1 and 2, Eurotherm3235, Japan trauma society study was reviewed throughout randomized controlled study which performed recently. The prognosis was not confirmed throughout TH in NAVIS-H1; however, there was statistical significance among the group of 45 years or less and below 35 degree in celcius which checked when he or she visited initially. Hence, NAVIS-H2 study was preceded. In patient who had surgically removed hematoma, the effects of TH were proved compared to diffuse brain damage in NAVIS-H2 study. This was found in the result of Japan neurotrauma data bank. Eurotherm study has been doing, which leads to collect many data later on. The TBI of TH makes them better prognosis in patients who had surgically removed hematoma and lowered initial body temperature. Later on, it is considered further study is necessary.
Body Temperature ; Brain ; Brain Injuries* ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Hypothermia* ; Intracranial Pressure ; Japan ; Prognosis

We report a case of Ael in a 44-year old woman. The patient s red cells were typed as 0 and her serum had both anti-A and anti-B, but the agglutination strength with Al cell was weaker (2+) than with B cell (4+) in her serum. Additional tests showed that the red cells were not agglutinated by anti-A,B and A antigen on patient s RBC was demonstrated by adsorption-elution test. Her saliva contained H but no A substance, and the ABO genotyping test identified her blood type as AO. We concluded that this was a case of blood type Ael with anti-A. (Korean J Blood Transfusion 10(1): 69 75, 1999)
Adult ; Agglutination ; Blood Transfusion ; Female ; Humans ; Saliva

Chemonucleolysis is a significant innovation in the treatment of herniated lumbar disc disease. The prodedure is relatively safe and the results are highly acceptable, but in most studies, the failure rate is 20-25%. Computed tomography was performed from January, 1986 to June, 1987 at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yonsei University on six patients with herniated lumbar discs who did not improve with chemonucleolysis. The results of this study are as follows : 1. The herniated lumbar disc remained unchanged in 4 cases and was reduced in 2 cases. 2. In 2 cases of hernia reduced, the development of a diffuse annular bulging was noted and compression of the dural sac unchanged. 3. Chemonucleolysis was carried out at two levels in 2 cases and the herniated lumbar disc was not changed in these cases. 4. Thickening of the ligament flavum was noted in 1 cases. 5. Computed tomography findings after chemonucleolysis were good correlation with the clinical results in failed cases. In the cases not relieved the symptoms over 3–6 months after chemonucleolysis, it is necessary follow up computed tomography to decide the further treatment.
Follow-Up Studies ; Hernia ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc Chemolysis ; Ligaments ; Orthopedics

No abstract available.
Lip ; Neurofibroma

No abstract available.
Mucinoses

OBJECTIVES: Chronic pain is one of the most common experiences of humans and a typical psychophysiological disorder. The aim of this study was to measure the psychophysiological responses in chronic pain patients using a biofeedback system, and to compare them with the results from normal healthy subjects. METHODS: Forty two patients with chronic pain (17 males and 25 females, average age 44.67+/-11.10 years) and 42 normal healthy controls (17 males and 25 females, average age 45.17+/-10.46 years) participated in this study. Electromyography (EMG), skin conductance (SC), and skin temperature (ST) were recorded using biofeedback system during the 3 phases (baseline, stress, and recovery) of stress reactivity test, and average values of them were calculated. Difference of values between two groups in each corresponding phase was analyzed with independent t-test, and change of values across phases of stress reactivity test was analyzed with paired t-test (all two-tailed, p<0.05). RESULTS: Compared to normal controls, chronic pain patients had higher value of EMG (baseline : 8.10+/-5.97 micronV vs 4.72+/-1.52 micronV, t=-3.56, p<0.01 ; stress : 11.25+/-6.89 micronV vs 8.49+/-4.78 micronV, t=-2.13, p<0.05 ; recovery : 7.12+/-3.77 micronV vs 4.78+/-1.59 micronV, t= -3.70, p<0.01) and SC (baseline : 1.06+/-1.0 micronS vs 0.42+/-0.29 micronS, t=-4.0. p<0.01 ; stress : 1.87+/-2.05 micronS vs 1.03+/-0.86 micronS, t=-2.47, p<0.05 ; recovery : 1.74+/-1.77 micronS vs 0.64+/-0.59 micronS, t=-3.8, p<0.01) in all the 3 phases. But, skin temperature comparison did not reveal significant differences in all the 3 phases between two groups. CONCLUSION: Psychophysiological responses of chronic pain patients in stress reactivity test were different from those of normal healthy controls. These results suggest that sympathetic nervous system is more activated in chronic pain patients.
Biofeedback, Psychology ; Chronic Pain ; Electromyography ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Psychophysiologic Disorders ; Psychophysiology ; Skin ; Skin Temperature ; Sympathetic Nervous System

No abstract available.
Pancreas*

PURPOSE: To analyze the clinical features and treatment outcome of Langerhans' cell histocytosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From August 1996 to June 2013, 28 patients who histologically proven with LCH were analyzed of medical records, radiography, pathologic character retrospectively. RESULTS: A total of 28 cases of LCH including 22 child has been reported. Onset age was 0.6 to 51 years old, occurred in the average age was 14.8 years. Follow-up period was 6 months to 134 months average was 44.6 months. The M:F ratio was 2.5:1. The initial symptoms was pain in 18 cases, 5 cases of pathologic fracture, 3 case of palpable mass, 1 case of discovered by accident in radiography, 1 case of torticollis. In radiological examination osteolysis was seen all cases, 7 cases showed a periosteal reaction, 1 case showed soft tissue extension. Clinical type of all cases were eosinophilic granuloma. 25 cases were classified as unifocal disease and 3 cases were multifocal single systemic diseases. In all cases, incisional biopsy was performed. After histologic confirmed, 14 cases was treated with curettage or surgical excision of the lesion and the other 14 cases were followed up without treatment. There is no death during follow up period. 11 cases has no radiological improvement after 3-6 months observation, intralesional steroid injection was performed. CONCLUSION: Patients with LCH who has rapid systemic onset is very rare, so if you meet the young children who suspected LCH, you shoulder avoid the examination which cause excessive radiation exposure to the young patient. In order to confirm the diagnosis of disease, biopsy is needed. Close observation after confirmed by histological method will bring the satisfactory results. But the patients who had pathologic fracture or wide bone destruction already may need curettage and bone grafting to lesion or internal fixation. The lesion which has no radiological improvement after 3-6 months observation or appear with pain interferes daily life may need local steroid injection as a good treatment.
Age of Onset ; Biopsy ; Bone Transplantation ; Child ; Curettage ; Diagnosis ; Eosinophilic Granuloma ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fractures, Spontaneous ; Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Osteolysis ; Radiography ; Retrospective Studies ; Shoulder ; Torticollis ; Treatment Outcome*

Dynamic cardiomyoplasty is a recently introduced surgical method to improve myocardial performance. It consists of a placement of a skeletal muscle flap around the heart and stimulation of the flap in synchrony with ventricular contraction. We experienced a case of cardiomyoplasty in a 25 year old male patient with congestive heart failure. Anesthesia was induced and maintained with fentanyl, midazolam and isoflurane. The operation was performed for 8hrs without cardiopulmonary bypass and the patient was transferred to the intensive care unit. He was mechanically ventilated electively overnight and extubation was done 18hrs postoperatively. The patient was discharged home on the 40days after operation and improved in exercise tolerance. We report the anesthetic management and hemodynamic changes in a patient who underwent dynamic cardiomyoplasty.
Adult ; Anesthesia ; Cardiomyoplasty* ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; Exercise Tolerance ; Fentanyl ; Heart ; Heart Failure ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Isoflurane ; Male ; Midazolam ; Muscle, Skeletal