The incidence of trochanteric fracture of the femur is increasing, which is likely to continue for many years because of an increase in traffic accidents and the population of elderly people. The primary goal in the treatment of an elderly patient with an intertrochanteric hip fracture is to return the patient to his prefracture activity without any complication, as soon as possible. Rapid mobilization with stable internal fixation helps to prevent skin ulceration, pneumonia, urinary stasis, thromboembolic disease and other complications of confinement to bed in the elderly. Stable internal fixation depends mainly upon the fracture type and operative techniques. A clinical study of operative techniques was done in twenty three patients with trochanteric fracture of the femur who had been admitted and treated surgically at the Orthopaedic Department of W.M.B.H. during of two years from Mar. 1982 to Feb. 1984. The following are brief descriptions of the operative techniques. l. An L-shape incision and refiection of the vastus lateralis muscle provided wide exposure and facilitated anatomical reduction under direct vision. 2. The nail insertion site was selected at a slightly eccentric position anterior to rather than exactly midway from the opposite lateral cortex of the lesser trochanter. Therefore the nail could be laid rigidly between the thick anteromedial cortex and the posteromedial calcar portion. 3. The best stable position among the fracture line, the neck shaft angle and the nail plate could be obtained by the yoking procedure. It also allowed for later proximal migration of the shaft fragment and fracture impaction without impingement on the base of the barrel.
Accidents, Traffic ; Aged ; Clinical Study ; Femur ; Hip ; Humans ; Incidence ; Neck ; Pneumonia ; Quadriceps Muscle ; Skin Ulcer

No abstract available.
Macrophages, Peritoneal* ; Nitric Oxide ; Nitric Oxide Synthase* ; Shock* ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Materials and Methods: A total of 264 patients (74 CN and 190 AD), who underwent FBB imaging test and neuropsychological tests, were retrospectively analyzed. Early- and delay-phase FBB images were spatially normalized with an in-house FBB template. The regional standard uptake value ratios were calculated with the cerebellar region as a reference region and used as independent variables that predict the diagnostic label assigned to the raw image. Results: AD positivity scores estimated from dual-phase FBB showed better accuracy (ACC) and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) for AD detection (ACC: 0.858, AUROC: 0.831) than those from delay phase FBB imaging (ACC: 0.821, AUROC: 0.794). AD positivity score estimated by dual-phase FBB (R: −0.5412) shows a higher correlation with psychological test compared to only dFBB (R: −0.2975). In the relevance analysis, we observed that LSTM uses different time and regions of early-phase FBB for each disease group for AD detection. Conclusions These results show that the aggregated model with dual-phase FBB with long short-term memory and attention mechanism can be used to provide a more accurate AD positivity score, which shows a closer association with AD, than the prediction with only a single phase FBB.

PURPOSE: Airway eosinophilic inflammation is a characteristic feature of asthma. Sputum analysis can be used as a non-invasive tool to assess severity of the airway inflammation. This study was performed to compare relationships between sputum eosinophils to other parameters of airway inflammation and to evaluate the clinical utility of sputum eosinophils and ECP in childhood asthma. METHODS: A total of 40 asthmatic children over 6 years of age were divided into two groups : Group A of 15 current symptomatic subjects and Group B of 25 stable asymptomatic subjects with history of asthma for 2 weeks. Eosinophils in induced sputum were compared with the severity of asthma symptom, pulmonary function, bronchial hyperresponsiveness by methacholine, sputum ECP, blood eosinophils and serum ECP. RESULTS: 1) Asthmatics had a significantly higher proportion of sputum eosinophils than the control subjects (15.2+/-17.8% VS 3.8+/-4.5%, P<0.01). Group A had a significantly higher proportion of sputum eosinophils than group B (22.9+/-21.7% VS 11.2+/-14.8%, P<0.05). 2) Sputum eosinophils were correlated with symptom scores in asthmatics (r=0.76, P<0.01), inversely correlated with FEV1 in group A (r=-0.65, P<0.01) and with LogPC20 in group B (r=-0.45, P<0.05). 3) Sputum eosinophils were correlated with sputum ECP for group A; r=0.77 (P<0.01) and for group B; r=0.39 (P<0.05) but not correlated with serum ECP. 4) Sputum eosinophils were correlated with blood eosinophils in group A (r=0.67, P<0.05), but not in group B. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the proportion of eosinophils and the level of ECP in induced sputum may be sensitive and accurate means of assessing the airway inflammation in childhood asthma, and their relationships with blood eosinophils or serum ECP are to be studied further.
Asthma* ; Child ; Eosinophil Cationic Protein* ; Eosinophils* ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Methacholine Chloride ; Sputum*

Cardiac neurotransmission imaging allows in vivo assessment of presynaptic reuptake, neurotransmitter storage and postsynaptic receptors. Among the various neurotransmitter, I-123 MIBG is most available and relatively well- established. Metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) is an analogue of the false neurotransmitter guanethidine. It is taken up to adrenergic neurons by uptake-1 mechanism as same as norepinephrine. As tagged with I-123, it can be used to image sympathetic function in various organs including heart with planar or SPECT techniques. I-123 MIBG imaging has a unique advantage to evaluate myocardial neuronal activity in which the heart has no significant structural abnormality or even no functional derangement measured with other conventional examination. In patients with cardiomyopathy and heart failure, this imaging has most sensitive technique to predict prognosis and treatment response of betablocker or ACE inhibitor. In diabetic patients, it allow very early detection of autonomic neuropathy. In patients with dangerous arrhythmia such as ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation, MIBG imaging may be only an abnormal result among various exams. In patients with ischemic heart disease, sympathetic derangement may be used as the method of risk stratification. In heart transplanted patients, sympathetic reinnervation is well evaluated. Adriamycin-induced cardiotoxicity is detected earlier than ventricular dysfunction with sympathetic dysfunction. Neurodegenerative disorder such as Parkinson's disease or dementia with Lewy bodies has also cardiac sympathetic dysfunction. Noninvasive assessment of cardiac sympathetic nerve activity with I-123 MIBG imaging may be improve understanding of the pathophysiology of cardiac disease and make a contribution to predict survival and therapy efficacy.
3-Iodobenzylguanidine* ; Adrenergic Neurons ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Cardiomyopathies ; Dementia ; Guanethidine ; Heart ; Heart Diseases ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Lewy Bodies ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; Neurons ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; Norepinephrine ; Parkinson Disease ; Prognosis ; Synaptic Transmission ; Tachycardia, Ventricular ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon ; Ventricular Dysfunction

No abstract available.
Trophoblastic Neoplasms* ; Trophoblasts*

Pilomatricoma is a well defind and characteristic entity histologically, but this tumor may be encountered during aspiration biopsy of subcutaneous mass, and is, occasionally, confused with other neoplasms, particularly squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, and epidermal inclusion cyst. Recently, we have experienced a case of pilomatricoma diagnosed by aspiration biosy. The smear of the aspirate revealed anucleated "ghost" squamous cells, basaloid or basophilic squamous cells and nucleated squamous cells, which lack nuclear features of malignacy. These findings are consistent with pilomatricoma.
Basophils ; Biopsy, Needle ; Carcinoma, Basal Cell ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Child* ; Humans ; Pilomatrixoma ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

BACKGROUND: The physical environment (noise, temperature & humidity, microwaves, and jet lag) in the cockpit of air-transportation airplane is well known to have adverse effects on flight crew. But due to airplane security reasons and so on, the true environment could not be fully assessed up to now. The object of this study was to measure the status, to examine the effects of the environment, and to suggest the protection from them. METHODS: The status except jet lag was measured from the first officer seat in the B747-400/ B737-400/500 cockpit at several flight stage (pre-flight, after engine start, take off, climb, cruise, descent). Jet lag was examined through a flight crew schedule for 45 days. RESULTS: Noise level (74-84 dB), humidity (19%), microwaves(well above the caution and dangerous range), and jet lag (not enough to adjust from flight) were measured. The physical environment was examined which had considerable adverse effects on flight crew. CONCLUSION: The flight crew should be aware of the status which increase work load and physical load during flight. They must leave the cockpit as much as possible while they are off duty and be isolated from such status during rest.
Aircraft* ; Appointments and Schedules ; Humidity ; Microwaves ; Noise

No abstract available.
Bone Marrow* ; Radionuclide Imaging*

No abstract available.
Female ; Nifedipine* ; Obstetric Labor, Premature* ; Pregnancy ; Ritodrine*