No abstract available.
Aging* ; Female* ; Humans ; Korea*

No abstract available.
Aging* ; Female* ; Humans ; Korea*

No abstract available.

Endometriosis affects up to 5 million women in the united states. The number of cases observed at any time is 1 in 15(7%) women in the reproductive age range. Infertility occurs in as many as 30% to 40% of cases. Anatomical compromise with failure of oocyte capture and transport is an eviednt explanation for infertility in women suffering from advanced(stageIII/IV) endometriosis. In contrast, the pathophysiology in couples suffening from mild to moderate endometriosis as a sole infertility diagnosis is poorly understood. Research over the last decade indicates that women with endometriosis suffer from excessive activstion of immunocompetent cells within the pelvis. In experimental paradigms, adversd effects of a peritoneal fluid on the reproductive process of the endometriosis patients can be demonstrated and include:(1) Phagocytosis of sperm(2) Decreased sperm motility(3) Alteration of sperm-egg interactions(4) Failure of oocytes capture by the fimbria and(5) Impeded embryo development. These data raise the possibility that the intraperitoneal inflammatory process observed in women with endometriosis may be responsible for the associated infertility. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of peritoneal fluid(PF) from patient with moderate endometriosis on mouse embryo development.PF was aspirated from the posterior cul-de-sac at laparoscopy and centrifuged, and the cell-free superantant was not heat-inactivated and not filtered. Fifty percent PF in human tubular fluid(HTF) media was prepared as a study group. The control group consisted of PF with a nonendometriosis and of 0.5% bovine serum albumin and HTF. The in vitro fertilization was performed with these culture media. We were observed distribution of embryo under the microscopy at 24 hours, 72 hours, 92 hours and 120 hours after insemination. The 2-cell embryonic stages in the study group(254 ovums) and those in the control group(247 ovums) at 24 hours were 50.4%, 70.4%, respectively. At 72 hours, the embryonic stages of both groups were reached the morula stage. At 72 hours, only 7.0% of the embryos in the study group reached the hatching, versus 55.7% in the control group. (p < 0.001). At the 120 hours, 100% of embryos in study group were degenerating, versus only 13.2% in the control group. As a result, the peritoneal fluid of the endometriosis patients exert an adverse influence on early reproductive performance, especially inhibiting embryo development. The peritoneal fluid may be as a mediator in the pathogenesis of endometriosis associated subfertility.
Animals ; Ascitic Fluid* ; Culture Media ; Diagnosis ; Embryonic Development* ; Embryonic Structures* ; Endometriosis* ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Humans ; Infertility ; Insemination ; Laparoscopy ; Mice* ; Microscopy ; Morula ; Oocytes ; Pelvis ; Phagocytosis ; Pregnancy ; Serum Albumin, Bovine ; Spermatozoa ; United States

Endometriosis affects up to 5 million women in the united states. The number of cases observed at any time is 1 in 15(7%) women in the reproductive age range. Infertility occurs in as many as 30% to 40% of cases. Anatomical compromise with failure of oocyte capture and transport is an eviednt explanation for infertility in women suffering from advanced(stageIII/IV) endometriosis. In contrast, the pathophysiology in couples suffening from mild to moderate endometriosis as a sole infertility diagnosis is poorly understood. Research over the last decade indicates that women with endometriosis suffer from excessive activstion of immunocompetent cells within the pelvis. In experimental paradigms, adversd effects of a peritoneal fluid on the reproductive process of the endometriosis patients can be demonstrated and include:(1) Phagocytosis of sperm(2) Decreased sperm motility(3) Alteration of sperm-egg interactions(4) Failure of oocytes capture by the fimbria and(5) Impeded embryo development. These data raise the possibility that the intraperitoneal inflammatory process observed in women with endometriosis may be responsible for the associated infertility. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of peritoneal fluid(PF) from patient with moderate endometriosis on mouse embryo development.PF was aspirated from the posterior cul-de-sac at laparoscopy and centrifuged, and the cell-free superantant was not heat-inactivated and not filtered. Fifty percent PF in human tubular fluid(HTF) media was prepared as a study group. The control group consisted of PF with a nonendometriosis and of 0.5% bovine serum albumin and HTF. The in vitro fertilization was performed with these culture media. We were observed distribution of embryo under the microscopy at 24 hours, 72 hours, 92 hours and 120 hours after insemination. The 2-cell embryonic stages in the study group(254 ovums) and those in the control group(247 ovums) at 24 hours were 50.4%, 70.4%, respectively. At 72 hours, the embryonic stages of both groups were reached the morula stage. At 72 hours, only 7.0% of the embryos in the study group reached the hatching, versus 55.7% in the control group. (p < 0.001). At the 120 hours, 100% of embryos in study group were degenerating, versus only 13.2% in the control group. As a result, the peritoneal fluid of the endometriosis patients exert an adverse influence on early reproductive performance, especially inhibiting embryo development. The peritoneal fluid may be as a mediator in the pathogenesis of endometriosis associated subfertility.
Animals ; Ascitic Fluid* ; Culture Media ; Diagnosis ; Embryonic Development* ; Embryonic Structures* ; Endometriosis* ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Humans ; Infertility ; Insemination ; Laparoscopy ; Mice* ; Microscopy ; Morula ; Oocytes ; Pelvis ; Phagocytosis ; Pregnancy ; Serum Albumin, Bovine ; Spermatozoa ; United States

Bochdalek hernia through Bochdalek foramen, defect at the posterolateral side of the diaphragm is one of the congenital diaphragmatic hernias. It usually occurs in infants, but very rare in old age and also on the right side. We experienced the right-side Bochdalek hernia including kidney herniation in 68 years old man man ifested by hemoptysis. CT scan revealed diaphragmatic defect and herniated liver, colon and kidney. Thoracotomy was performed and the 10 cm-sized large defect was closed with patch. After then, the patient has been well without symptom.
Aged ; Colon ; Diaphragm ; Hemoptysis ; Hernia* ; Hernia, Diaphragmatic ; Humans ; Infant ; Kidney* ; Liver ; Thoracotomy ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

BACKGROUND/AIMS: It have been reported that operative mortality and morbidity rate rise significantly when emergency cholecystectomy is performed in critically ill patients with acute cholecystitis(AC), and many studies have also concluded that delayed or interval laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC) in patients with AC demonstrated high conversion rate and complication rate compared with early LC. However, if the acutely inflamed gallbladder(GB) is decompressed by emergent percutaneous gallbladder drainage(PGBD), it may decrease the technical difficulty of LC allowing successful delayed LC or may decrease the wound complication of delayed open cholecystectomy, when the patient is in better condition. The purpose of this retrospective study was to assess the outcome of delayed cholecystectomy focused on LC following PGBD in patients with AC METHODS: A total of 181 patients with AC were divided into PGBD(n= 66) and non-PGBD group(n= 115), and each group were subdivided into PGBD-delayed LC(after 72 hours of admission, n= 32), PGBD-open cholecystectomy(n= 20), non-PGBD-early LC(within 72 hours of admission, n= 40), non- PGBD-delayed LC(n= 17), non PGBD-open cholecystectomy group(n= 58) and others. PGBD group had higher incidence of comorbidity compared with non-PGBD group. Outcomes of cholecystectomy was assessed by conversion rate and morbidity rate(chi2 test), LC time and hospital stay(median test) for LC, and morbidity for open cholecystectomy in PGBD group compared with those of non PGBD group. RESULTS: PGBD promptly relieved of symptom of AC in 94 % of patients and showed 3 % of technical failure and 4.5 % of complication rate. Compared with non PGBD-early and delayed LC group, the PGBD-delayed LC group showed longer LC time(median 110 min vs 82.5, p < 0.05, vs 95 min), a little lower conversion rate(12.5 % vs 22.5 % vs 17.6 %), similar morbidity rate(19% vs 17.5 % vs 29 %) and prolonged total hospital stay(median 12.5 days vs 7 days, p < 0.001, vs 10 days). In open cholecystectomy series, PGBD group showed lower morbidity rate compared with non PGBD group(5% vs 24 %, p < 0.05) CONCLUSION: Unlike to open cholecystectomy series, PGBD did not significantly improve the outcome of LC for AC as assessed by conversion and morbidity rate and hospital stay compared with non PGBD. Thus we can conclude that although PGBD is a safe and effective emergency procedure for AC, it should be limited to higher risk group such as elderly or critically ill patients and to acalculous cholecystitis.
Acalculous Cholecystitis ; Aged ; Cholecystectomy ; Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic* ; Cholecystitis, Acute* ; Comorbidity ; Critical Illness ; Drainage* ; Emergencies ; Gallbladder* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Length of Stay ; Mortality ; Retrospective Studies ; Wounds and Injuries

The best treatment modality for spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage still remains to be controversial. Stereotactic surgery can be performed safely and easily but its indication and optimal timing of operation have to be determined. We treated 80 patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage by stereotactic surgery from October 1994 to December 1997. We investigated clinical status of the patients before and after surgery, amount of hematoma, evacuation rate, timing of operation, transcranial Doppler sonography(TCD), and computerized tomography(CT) findings. The results were as follows: 1) The outcome of early surgery(within 24 hours of bleeding) was better than that of late surgery(after 24 hours of bleeding)(p=0.034). 2) The outcome was better in the patient with higher evacuation rate(p=0.014). 3) TCD monitoring showed beneficial effect of surgery on hemodynamic status. We conclude that the early surgery within 24 hours after bleeding is correlated with the better outcome, and TCD monitoring is useful for evaluation of perioperative hemodynamic change.
Cerebral Hemorrhage* ; Hematoma ; Hemodynamics ; Hemorrhage ; Humans

PURPOSE: The main treatment for stage IV breast cancer is currently systemic therapy. Surgical resection of the primary tumor is usually done for treating the tumor-related complications. Recent studies have suggested that surgery may improve the long-term survival of stage IV breast cancer patients. We evaluated the impact of the primary surgical resection site on the survival of stage IV breast cancer patients. METHODS: We reviewed the records of the stage IV breast cancer patients who were treated at Seoul University Hospital between April 1992 and December 2007. The tumor and clinical characteristics, the type of treatments and the overall survival were compared between the surgically versus nonsurgically treated patients. RESULTS: Of the 198 identified patients, 110 (55.8%) received surgical excision of their primary tumor and 88 (44.2%) did not. The mean survival was 67 months vs. 42 months for the surgically treated patients vs. the patients without surgery, respectively (p=0.0287). On a multivariate analysis with using the Cox model and after adjusting for the estrogen receptor status, visceral metastases, the number of metastatic sites and trastuzumab treatment, surgery was an independent factor for improved survival (hazard ratio, 0.55; 95% confidence interval, 0.31-0.97; p=0.041). CONCLUSION: Surgical resection of the primary tumor in stage IV breast cancer patients was independently associated with improved survival. Randomized prospective trials are needed to firmly recommend surgical resection of the primary tumor in stage IV breast cancer patients.
Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Estrogens ; Humans ; Multivariate Analysis ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Trastuzumab

PURPOSE: The main treatment for stage IV breast cancer is currently systemic therapy. Surgical resection of the primary tumor is usually done for treating the tumor-related complications. Recent studies have suggested that surgery may improve the long-term survival of stage IV breast cancer patients. We evaluated the impact of the primary surgical resection site on the survival of stage IV breast cancer patients. METHODS: We reviewed the records of the stage IV breast cancer patients who were treated at Seoul University Hospital between April 1992 and December 2007. The tumor and clinical characteristics, the type of treatments and the overall survival were compared between the surgically versus nonsurgically treated patients. RESULTS: Of the 198 identified patients, 110 (55.8%) received surgical excision of their primary tumor and 88 (44.2%) did not. The mean survival was 67 months vs. 42 months for the surgically treated patients vs. the patients without surgery, respectively (p=0.0287). On a multivariate analysis with using the Cox model and after adjusting for the estrogen receptor status, visceral metastases, the number of metastatic sites and trastuzumab treatment, surgery was an independent factor for improved survival (hazard ratio, 0.55; 95% confidence interval, 0.31-0.97; p=0.041). CONCLUSION: Surgical resection of the primary tumor in stage IV breast cancer patients was independently associated with improved survival. Randomized prospective trials are needed to firmly recommend surgical resection of the primary tumor in stage IV breast cancer patients.
Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Estrogens ; Humans ; Multivariate Analysis ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Trastuzumab