It is widely blieved that the new bone formation is provoked by fine electrical stress to bone. There have been maay experimental studies that showed much efforts to define these small amounts of electricity, and these fine electricities are being used in the orthopedic field for the treatment of various fractures, nonunions and pseudsrthrosia The auther has checked the electrical potentials changing in the course of fractvre hesling in rabbits femur. Comparing these data with that of the normal control group, the following results were obtained. 1. In the normal rabbit's femur the electrical potentisl was 13.6mV less on the concave side than on the convex side. This finding can be explained by the existence of stress generated potential or piexoelectricity. 2. Electrcal potentials on the fractured femoral sites were lowered significantly from that of the control group. So auther could confirm the existence of bioelectrical generated by increased electrical activity of the living bone. 3. The electrical potential of the fractured femoral site has been decreased 50% and 20% as low as that of the normal site at 8 weeks respectively. It is expected that these lowered electrical potentials may become dose to the normal values when the changed metabolic process due to the fractured bone is no longer functioning and it is believed to take human 2 years to get the normal value.
Electricity ; Femur ; Fracture Healing ; Humans ; Metabolism ; Orthopedics ; Osteogenesis ; Rabbits ; Reference Values

No abstract available.

Morphological changes of the kidney after ESWL in 130 patients are analyzed with CT at Dept. of Urology, Chung-Ang University Hospital from March 1987 to May 1987. Of 130 patients, 9 patients(6.9%) showed renal hematoma. Among 9 patients, 5 patients (3.8%) had subcapsular hematoma and 4 patients(3.1%) had parenchymal hematoma. We analyzed these 9 patients radiologically and clinically. These hematoma were clinically insignificant and self-limited in all cases. So ESWL can be regarded as a safe modality for treatment of the renal and ureteral calculi.
Hematoma* ; Humans ; Kidney ; Shock* ; Ureteral Calculi ; Urology

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of pre-incisional lidocaine injected into tonsils with low-dose fentanyl supplementation on the cardiovascular stability and on the developrnent of intraoperative arrhythmia for pediatric adenotonsillectomy under general anesthesia. Thirty-three pediatric patients undergoing adenotonsillectomy under general anesthesia were randomly aUocated to one of the 3 groups according to the medications used for anesthesia.; 1) N2-O2-halothane only, 2) N2-O2-halothane plus pre-incisional infiltration of 2% lidocaine and 1: 80,000 epinephrine into tonsils after tracheal intubation, 3) N2-O2-halothane plus 2 mcg/kg intravenous fentanyl before induction of anesthesia plus pre-incisional infiltration of 2% lidocaine and 1: 80,000 epinephrine into tonsils after tracheal intubation. All Patients received (0.01/kg+0.15) mg atropine sulfate and 5 mg/kg thipental sodium and inhaled N2-O2-halothane (2 L-2 L-2 vol%) for induction. Tracheal intubation was facilitated with 1.5 mg/kg succinylcholine. After tracheal intubation, anesthesia was maintained with 5% N2O in oxygen and 1 vo1% halothane. 0.1 mg/kg vecuronium was used for myorelaxation. SBP, DBP, MAP, and HR were measured at 1 min, 3 min after intubation, immediately after the incision of tonsils, and after the position change of endotracheal tube. ECG changes were also observed during surgery. After surgery, the degree of irritability and the recovery time were evaluated in all patients in the recovery room. The results were as follows; 1) In Gmup 3, the increases of systolic BP at 3 min and HR at 1 min after tracheal intubation were significantly lower than other two groups. 2) The maximum value of intraoperative systolic BP was the highest in Group 1, followed by Group 2, and then Group 3. 3) The peak intraoperative HR attained was the lowest in Group 3. Difference between Group 1 and 2 was not significant. 4) No cardiac arrhythmia was present in Group 3, 5) The degree of postaperative imtabiTity was the lowest in Gmup 3 and the highest in Group 1. In conclusion, these results indicate that supplementation of low-dose fentanyl and preincisional infiltration of tonsils with lidocaine for pediatric adenotosillectomy under genral anesthesia is useful in reducing cardiovascular instability during tracheal intubation and surgery as well as the incidence of intraoperative cardiac arrhythmia, and postoperative pain.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Atropine ; Blood Pressure* ; Electrocardiography ; Epinephrine ; Fentanyl* ; Halothane ; Heart Rate* ; Heart* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intubation ; Lidocaine* ; Oxygen ; Pain, Postoperative ; Palatine Tonsil* ; Recovery Room ; Sodium ; Succinylcholine ; Vecuronium Bromide

BACKGROUND: Dexmedetomidine has a sedative analgesic property without respiratory depression. This study evaluated the efficacy of dexmedetomidine as an appropriate sedative drug for monitored anesthesia care (MAC) in outpatients undergoing cataract surgery on both eyes compared with combination of propofol and alfentanil. METHODS: Thirty-one eligible patients were randomly divided into two groups on the first operation day. Dexmedetomidine was administered in group D at 0.6 microg/kg/h, and propofol and alfentanil was infused concomitantly in group P at a rate of 2 mg/kg/h and 20 microg/kg/h, respectively. Sedation was titrated at Ramsay sedation score 3. Iowa satisfaction with anesthesia scale (ISAS) of the patients was evaluated postoperatively. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), heart rate (HR), respiration rate (RR), and peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) were recorded throughout the surgery. For the second operation, the group assignments were exchanged. RESULTS: Postoperative ISAS was 50.3 (6.2) in group D and 42.7 (8.7) in group P, which was statistically significant (P < 0.001). SBP was significantly lower in group D compared with group P from the beginning of the operation. HR, RR, and SpO2 were comparable between the two groups. There were 8 cases (25.8%) of hypertension in group P, and 1 case (3.2%) in group D (P < 0.05). In contrast, 1 case (3.2%) of hypotension and 1 case (3.2%) of bradycardia occurred in group D. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with the combined use of propofol and alfentanil, dexmedetomidine could be used appropriately for MAC in cataract surgery with better satisfaction from the patients and a more stable cardiovascular state.
Alfentanil ; Anesthesia ; Blood Pressure ; Bradycardia ; Cataract ; Dexmedetomidine ; Eye ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Hypotension ; Iowa ; Outpatients ; Oxygen ; Propofol ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Respiratory Rate

Unlike the small cell carcinoma of the lung, much remains to be discovered about the natural history and of optimal therapy of primary small cell carcinoma of the pancreas. We experienced a case of a primary small cell carcinoma of pancreas with both adrenal metastasis. The patient was a seventy-year old woman who had complained of right upper quadrant abdominal pain for 1 month. Chest x-ray revealed no abnormality. Abdominal CT scan showed a non-enhancing low density mass in uncinate process of pancreas, retropancreatic lymphadenopathy and well defined masses in both adrenal gland. CT-guided biopsy of pancreas showed small cell carcinoma. Herein, we report a case of primary small cell carcinoma of the pancreas with both adrenal metastasis and review the literature.
Abdominal Pain ; Adrenal Glands ; Biopsy ; Carcinoma, Small Cell* ; Female ; Humans ; Lung ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Natural History ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pancreas* ; Thorax ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVES: This study was done to evaluate present status of child and adolescent psychiatric practice in the view of medical consumers. Help seeking behaviour process after recognizing their children's problem, satisfaction with psychiatric service, and difficult problems during practice were evaluated, and variable factors affecting them were analysed. METHODS: Through 10 multi-center point epidemiologic survey, 540 parents and their psychiatrists were involved in this study by structured questionnaire. RESULTS: Above 70% of subjects reported positive response to psychiatric service. The barrier to psychiatric service were different by subjects' age. In children, parents' inability to identify severity of children's problem and proper management place were major reason. However in adolescent, children's lack of desire to receive help and parents' worry about stigma related to receiving help were major barrier to psychiatric service. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest the importance of interagency collaboration and education services. Researchers and policymakers should consider strategies to reduce barrier related to perceptions of mental health problems and services, especially in adolescents.
Adolescent ; Child ; Cooperative Behavior ; Education ; Epidemiologic Studies* ; Humans ; Mental Health ; Parents ; Psychiatry ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: To evaluate accuracy of magnetic resonance(MR) imaging for staging of lung cancer and to compare the accuracies of CT and MRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 25 cases of lung cancer, which were confirmed surgically and pathologically. Five experienced radiologists participated in the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to evaluate and compare accuracies of the CT and MR imaging in preoperative staging of non small cell lung cancer by assessing tumor invasion of bronchus, mediastinum, chest wall, and hilar or mediastinal lymph node metastasis. Imaging results were evaluated against "truth" data based on both surgery and pathologic examination. RESULTS: Sensitivity of CT in distinguishing T3-T4 tumors was 60% ;specificity was 76%. These values for MR imaging were not significantly different(53% and 72%). With ROC analysis, no difference existed between accuracies of CT and MR imaging in diagnosis of bronchial involvement, but MR imaging was significantly more accurate than CT(p<0.05) in diagnosis of mediastinal invasion. There was no significant difference between accuracies of CT and MR imaging in detecting mediastinal node metastasis(N2 or N3); sensitivities were 64% and 78%, respectively, and specificities were 64% and 66%. CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference in accuracies of CT and MR imaging in preoperative tumor classification and assessment of mediastinal node metastasis, but MR imaging was more accurate than CT in assessment of mediastinal invasion.
Bronchi ; Carcinoma, Bronchogenic* ; Classification ; Diagnosis ; Lung Neoplasms ; Lymph Nodes ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Mediastinum ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Retrospective Studies ; ROC Curve ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma ; Thoracic Wall

PURPOSE: To evaluate accuracy of magnetic resonance(MR) imaging for staging of lung cancer and to compare the accuracies of CT and MRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 25 cases of lung cancer, which were confirmed surgically and pathologically. Five experienced radiologists participated in the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to evaluate and compare accuracies of the CT and MR imaging in preoperative staging of non small cell lung cancer by assessing tumor invasion of bronchus, mediastinum, chest wall, and hilar or mediastinal lymph node metastasis. Imaging results were evaluated against "truth" data based on both surgery and pathologic examination. RESULTS: Sensitivity of CT in distinguishing T3-T4 tumors was 60% ;specificity was 76%. These values for MR imaging were not significantly different(53% and 72%). With ROC analysis, no difference existed between accuracies of CT and MR imaging in diagnosis of bronchial involvement, but MR imaging was significantly more accurate than CT(p<0.05) in diagnosis of mediastinal invasion. There was no significant difference between accuracies of CT and MR imaging in detecting mediastinal node metastasis(N2 or N3); sensitivities were 64% and 78%, respectively, and specificities were 64% and 66%. CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference in accuracies of CT and MR imaging in preoperative tumor classification and assessment of mediastinal node metastasis, but MR imaging was more accurate than CT in assessment of mediastinal invasion.
Bronchi ; Carcinoma, Bronchogenic* ; Classification ; Diagnosis ; Lung Neoplasms ; Lymph Nodes ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Mediastinum ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Retrospective Studies ; ROC Curve ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma ; Thoracic Wall

The pathogenesis of thrombocytopenia in the gestational thrombocytopenia is not understood.This syndrome may represent either the de novo development of ITP or an accelerationof the physiologic pattern of increased platelet destruction that occurs during gestation. Thisdisorder is not easily distinguishable from classical ITP. However, the recognition and diagnosisof this syndrome is important because infants born to individuals with gestational thrombocytopeniaappear to have a markedly reduced risk of developing thrombocytopenia when comparedto infants born to patients with a history of ITP antedating pregnancy. We represent a caseof delivery in severe gestational thrombocytopenia with brief review of the literature.
Blood Platelets ; Humans ; Infant ; Pregnancy ; Thrombocytopenia*