The spine can be divided into two structural columns; an anterior column consisting of vertebral bodies, discs and ligaments and a posterior column consisting of the neural arch, facet joints and interconnecting ligaments. Disruption of both anterior and posterior columns results in spinal instability. Laminectomy may produce greater spinal instability and will convert a stable injury into a unstable one. The compression that exists in these injury is anterior and therefore posterior laminectomy do little more than produce spinal instability. The technique of open reduction and Harrington rod fixation of unstable fractures improved nursing care, shortened rehabilitation and was effective in maintaining fracture reduction and promoting bony healing. Between 1978 and 1980, thirteen consecutive patient with unstable fractures and fracture-dislocations of thoracolumbar spine were treated by open reduction and spinal fusion with Harrington rod fixation at the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of the Han Gang and Kang Nam Sacred Heart Hospitals. The following results were obtained from analysis of the cases. 1. The reduction and stability after reduction with Hsrrington instrumentation was excellent. 2. Laminectomy produced greater spinal instability. 3. Early ambulation was possible and the period of hospitalization was shortened. 4. Neurological recovery from incomplete neural deficit was good but from complete paraplegia was less effective.
Dislocations ; Early Ambulation ; Heart ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Laminectomy ; Ligaments ; Nursing Care ; Paraplegia ; Rehabilitation ; Spinal Fusion ; Spine ; Zygapophyseal Joint

A case of hair strangulation on right toe of two months old female patient is reported together with a brief review of references in this paper. This hair strangulation was on the proximal interphanlangeal joint of the right third toe. The distal portion of the hair strangulation was discolored as black, swollon, cold and no evidence of circulation. Amputationon the metatarsophalangeal joint was done.
Female ; Hair ; Humans ; Joints ; Metatarsophalangeal Joint ; Toes

PURPOSE: We studied enhanced method to view the vessels in the brain using Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA). Noticing that Maximum Intensity Projection (MIP) image is often used to evaluate the arteries of the neck and brain, we propose a new method for view brain vessels to stereo image in 3D space with more superior and more correct compared with conventional method. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We use 3T Siemens Tim Trio MRI scanner with 4 channel head coil and get a 3D MRA brain data by fixing volunteers head and radiating Phase Contrast pulse sequence. MRA brain data is 3D rotated according to the view angle of each eyes. Optimal view angle (projection angle) is determined by the distance between eye and center of the data. Newly acquired MRA data are projected along with the projection line and display only the highest values. Each left and right view MIP image is integrated through anaglyph imaging method and optimal stereoscopic MIP image is acquired. RESULTS: Result image shows that proposed method let enable to view MIP image at any direction of MRA data that is impossible to the conventional method. Moreover, considering disparity and distance from viewer to center of MRA data at spherical coordinates, we can get more realistic stereo image. In conclusion, we can get optimal stereoscopic images according to the position that viewers want to see and distance between viewer and MRA data. CONCLUSION: Proposed method overcome problems of conventional method that shows only specific projected image (z-axis projection) and give optimal depth information by converting mono MIP image to stereoscopic image considering viewers position. And can display any view of MRA data at spherical coordinates. If the optimization algorithm and parallel processing is applied, it may give useful medical information for diagnosis and treatment planning in real-time.
Angiography ; Arteries ; Brain ; Eye ; Head ; Linear Energy Transfer ; Magnetic Resonance Angiography ; Neck

No abstract available.
Anemia, Aplastic* ; Pregnancy*

Hallux valgus has been defined as a static subluxation of the first metatarsophalangeal joint with lateral deviation of the proximal phalanx on the first metatarsal head from the longitudinal axis of the first metatarsal with medial deviation of the first metatarsal. And first-second metatarsal angle is increased as well as bursal hypertrophy over the medial eminence of the first metatarsal head. Many procedures have been reported for the treatment of the hallux valgus ranging from resection arthroplasty to distal first metatarsal or basal first metatarsal osteotomy. Of these, Johnson and Corless have required sufficiently good results in the modifying Mitchell osteotomy into Chevron osteotomy. The Chevron procedure is an osteotomy involving the distal portion of the first metatarsal, lateral displacement of the metatarsal head with exostosectomy, and tightening of the medial capsular structures. Authors studied 17 cases in 10 patients with the hallux valgus deformity treated by Chevron osteotomy at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Capital Armed Forced General Hospital from September 1987 to September 1989. The results were as follows; 1. Seven patients (12 cases) were male and three patients (5 cases) were female. All patients had bilateral hallux valgus deformity. 2. The average first-second intermetatarsal angle was 11 degrees and average valgus angle was 32 degrees, preoperatively. They were corrected to 9 degrees and 14 degrees respectively. 3. The metatarsalgia of the great toe was subsided in all cases and they were satisfied with the result of their operations in respect to cosmetically and functionally. Avascular necrosis of capital fragment, nonunion, and dorsal angulation were not developed in any case. But, one case had marginal skin necrosis, presumably due to excessive compressive dressing. 4. Chevron osteotomy is a technically easy procedure and it can be obtained early bone healing with less complication.
Arm ; Arthroplasty ; Bandages ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Female ; Hallux Valgus ; Hallux ; Head ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Male ; Median Eminence ; Metatarsal Bones ; Metatarsalgia ; Metatarsophalangeal Joint ; Necrosis ; Orthopedics ; Osteotomy ; Skin ; Toes

No abstract available.
Thyroiditis, Autoimmune ; Turner Syndrome

Diverticulum of the vermiform appendix is infrequently encountered, and in the absence of inflammation, it has been reported to be asymptomatic. Furthermore, hemorrhage from an appendiceal diverticulum is extremely rare, and has not yet reported in our country. We report a case of hemorrhage occurring in appendiceal diverticulum.
Appendix* ; Diverticulum* ; Hemorrhage* ; Inflammation

Tinnitus-the perception of sound in the absence of an actual external sound-represents a symptom of an underlying condition rather than a single disease. Several theories have been proposed to explain the mechanisms underlying tinnitus. Tinnitus generators are theoretically located in the auditory pathway, and such generators and various mechanisms occurring in the peripheral auditory system have been explained in terms of spontaneous otoacoustic emissions, edge theory, and discordant theory. Those present in the central auditory system have been explained in terms of the dorsal cochlear nucleus, the auditory plasticity theory, the crosstalk theory, the somatosensory system, and the limbic and autonomic nervous systems. Treatments for tinnitus include pharmacotherapy, cognitive and behavioral therapy, sound therapy, music therapy, tinnitus retraining therapy, massage and stretching, and electrical suppression. This paper reviews the characteristics, causes, mechanisms, and treatments of tinnitus.
Auditory Pathways ; Autonomic Nervous System ; Cochlear Nucleus ; Massage ; Music Therapy ; Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous ; Tinnitus

No abstract available.
Intracranial Hypotension*

BACKGROUND: In chronic airway disease, mucus secretion in increased, but extraction of mucin, which is the main component of mucus secretion, is a very complicated and limited in clinical use. Recently, monoclonal antibody for mucin was developed for possible clinical use. In this study, cellular analysis and quantification of respiratory mucin in sputum of patients with chronic airway diseases were performed. METHOD: Sputum was collected from patients with asthma(n=33), bronchiectasis(n=8) or chronic bronchitis(n=13) by spontaneous expectoration or by hypertonic saline induction, Collected sputums was treated by 0.1% dithiotreitol to dissociate the disulfide bond of the mucus and filtered through a nylon gauze. Total cell count, viability and differential count were measured. For detection of mucin, collected samples were treated with sodium dodoecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and then with monoclonal antibody(HMO2), as the primary antibody, and PAS stain. The amount of mucin was measured with ELISA by HMO2. Correlation with clinical information, cellular analysis, and amount of measured mucin were analyzed. RESULTS: Total cell counts of sputum were significantly increased in patients with bronchiectasis but viability remained the same. Eosinophils were significantly increased in patients with asthma, neutrophils in bronchiectasis chronic bronchitis, respectively (p<0.05). The results of Western blotting and PAS staining confirmed the presence of glycoproteins and matched? with mucin. The amounts of mucin measured by ELISA were not significantly different among the disease groups. Significant correlation was identified between the amount of mucin and viability(r=-0.482, p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Inflammatory cells in the sputum of those with chronic airway disease were different for each disease type. Measurement of mucin by ELISA via monoclonal antibodies may be a simple method for the evaluation of chronic airway disease.
Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Asthma ; Blotting, Western ; Bronchiectasis ; Bronchitis, Chronic ; Cell Count ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Eosinophils ; Glycoproteins ; Humans ; Mucins* ; Mucus ; Neutrophils ; Nylons ; Sodium ; Sputum*