No abstract available.
Pilomatrixoma* ; Vaccination*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Mycosis Fungoides* ; Spondylitis, Ankylosing* ; Infliximab

No abstract available.
Erythema Multiforme* ; Erythema* ; Pemphigoid, Bullous*

No abstract available.
Foot* ; Neuroma*

Cardiac arrest associated with hyperkalemia during red blood cell transfusion is a rare but fatal complication. Herein, we report a case of transfusion-associated cardiac arrest following the initiation of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support in a 9-month old infant. Her serum potassium level was increased to 9.0 mEq/L, soon after the newly primed circuit with pre-stored red blood cell (RBC) was started and followed by sudden cardiac arrest. Eventually, circulation was restored and the potassium level decreased to 5.1 mEq/L after 5 min. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) priming is a relatively massive transfusion into a pediatric patient. Thus, to prevent cardiac arrest during blood-primed ECMO in neonates and infants, freshly irradiated and washed RBCs should be used when priming the ECMO circuit, to minimize the potassium concentration. Also, physicians should be aware of all possible complications associated with transfusions during ECMO.
Blood Transfusion ; Death, Sudden, Cardiac ; Erythrocyte Transfusion ; Erythrocytes ; Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation* ; Heart Arrest* ; Humans ; Hyperkalemia* ; Infant* ; Infant, Newborn ; Potassium

BACKGROUND: The internet is a growing source of information for patients, with increasing numbers of people searching for health information on the web. Patients with acne attempt to search for medical information from the internet. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to investigate the current information of acne on the internet. METHODS: We chose the largest portal sites to investigate the current information of acne and search for 'acne'. RESULTS: 5.3% of the information provided by question-and-answer platform were written by dermatologist. 0.7% of the information provided by personal blog were written by dermatologist. 1.4% of the information provided by internet message board were written by dermatologist. Overall, only 2.4% of the information were written by dermatologist for provide the medical information. CONCLUSION: The internet provides a great deal of information in many types of resources. However, the quality of information has been more of a concern. Dermatologists should continue to counteract inaccurate information by providing quality information on the internet. Dermatologists should be more aware of the health-related online information and should guide patients to take the accurate information.
Acne Vulgaris* ; Blogging ; Humans ; Internet* ; Skin Diseases* ; Skin*

Background: Mobile applications are useful in the field of dermatology as diagnosis and treatment are based on visual inspection. However, in Korea, dermatology-related applications have not been developed effectively despite the high rate of mobile internet usage. In addition, there is no report on the current trends of dermatology-related mobile application. Objective: This study aimed to identify and categorize the available dermatology-related mobile application and compare the current trends in Korea with those in the US. Methods: Eight dermatologic terms were queried in two mobile platforms, Android and iOS. Applications were categorized by function based on their description. The number of reviews, rating, provider, target audience, and price of applications were recorded. Results: A total of 213 dermatology-related applications were identified. Approximately 10.8% of the applications were related to skin diseases, 23.5% were related to skin care, and 65.7% were others. Among the applications related to skin diseases, 4.2% were self-surveillance/diagnosis apps, 3.3% were disease guide and reference apps, and 1.4% were dermoscopy apps. No applications were related to educational aid and photography search. Among the applications related to skin care, 12.7% were self-surveillance/diagnosis apps used for general skin care, 3.8% were skin care apps, and 2.8% were cosmetics apps. Other categories included shopping (24.9%), advertisements (15.0%), and hospital searches (15.0%). Conclusion The development and use of dermatology mobile applications can contribute to the efficient delivery of accurate information to patients, educate patients, and further reduce the prevalence of skin diseases. Therefore, dermatologists should play a leading role in presenting the direction for dermatology-related mobile application development.

Background: Estrogen deficiency affects the structure and function of the salivary glands in women, leading to a decrease in salivary secretion and a change in the composition of saliva. Previous studies on changes in the salivary glands that cause estrogen deficiency have reported only partial results for the parotid and submandibular glands, and there are few comparative morphological studies of histological changes between the parotid and submandibular glands in ovariectomized rats (OVX) leading to estrogen deficiency. This study aimed to analyze the histopathological and histochemical changes in the parotid and submandibular salivary glands causing estrogen deficiency by using OVX, and to discuss the mechanism on these changes. Methods: The parotid and submandibular glands from sacrificed control and OVX groups were fixed with cold 4% paraformaldehyde in phosphate buffer (pH 7.2). The tissues were dehydrated using a series of graded ethyl alcohol and embedded in paraffin. For histopathological analysis, sections cut to a thickness of 6 to 7 μm were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). For histochemical analysis, Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), Alcian blue (AB, pH 2.5), and PAS+AB (pH 2.5 and pH 1) staining was performed. Results: Histopathological analysis of OVX tissue showed that the parotid and submandibular salivary glands were broadly and clearly separated and divided into lobes. In OVX, acinar and ductal cells with condensed polymorphic or pyknotic nucleus, which are presumed to be characteristic of apoptotic cells, and degenerated cells with lipid deposition in cytoplasmic granules and ruptured membranes were increased. Histochemical analysis of OVX, confirmed an increase in the number and acidification of acinar secretory granules. Conclusion Histopathological and histochemical changes and the effects of estrogen deficiency are more evident in the submandibular salivary gland than in the parotid gland.

PURPOSE: To compare pain levels in cataract surgery under topical anesthesia only and topical anesthesia under monitored anesthesia care. METHODS: We recruited 243 patients who were scheduled to undergo cataract surgery under topical anesthesia only or topical anesthesia with monitored anesthesia care (MAC) using fentanyl and midazolam. Anesthesia methods were selected based on the patient's preference. All patients completed an anxiety and information scale survey preoperatively. Vital signs during the operations were recorded. A 0-to-10 visual analog scale pain score survey was conducted immediately and at 2 hours, 6 hours, and 1 day after surgery. RESULTS: Of the 237 patients who completed the study, 183 patients selected topical anesthesia, and 54 patients selected MAC. Mean pain scores according to the aforementioned time points after surgery were 0.50, 0.58, 0.29, and 0.12 in the topical anesthesia group, and 0.22, 0.16, 0.06, and 0.09 in the MAC group, respectively. The differences in pain score between the two groups was statistically significant at 2 hours (p = 0.019) and 6 hours (p = 0.040) after surgery. The mean patient anxiety score for anesthesia was 10.50 in the topical anesthesia group and 11.41 in the MAC group (p = 0.280). Mean systolic blood pressure at the start of surgery was 140.6 mm Hg in the topical anesthesia group, and 158.2 mmHg in the MAC group. CONCLUSIONS: Monitored anesthesia care consistently resulted in less pain throughout the post-operative period. However, transient systolic blood pressure should be carefully monitored for a rise related to intravenous anesthetics.
Anesthesia* ; Anesthetics, Intravenous ; Anxiety ; Blood Pressure ; Cataract* ; Fentanyl ; Humans ; Midazolam ; Visual Analog Scale ; Vital Signs

BACKGROUND: The incidence of scalp tumors has increased, despite medical advances and environmental improvement. However, few studies have reported the clinical and histopathologic features of scalp tumors. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and histopathologic features of scalp tumors. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical and histopathologic features and occurrence rates of scalp diseases in 418 patients whose lesions were biopsied in the department of dermatology between January 2004 and December 2013. RESULTS: The mean age of patients exhibiting scalp tumors was 44.9 years old. The male to female ratio was 1:0.69. The most common benign scalp tumor diagnosed was seborrheic keratosis (22.6%) followed by epidermal inclusion cyst (15.3%), intradermal nevus (8.7%), sebaceous nevus (7.1%), actinic keratosis (5.2%), pyogenic granuloma (3.0%), neurofibroma (2.5%), compound nevus (2.2%), epidermal nevus (1.1%), dermatofibroma (1.1%), and hemangioma (1.1%). The most malignant scalp tumor diagnosed was basal cell carcinoma (34.6%) followed by squamous cell carcinoma (32.7%), metastatic cancer (11.5%), angiosarcoma (7.7%), Bowen's disease (7.7%), lymphoma (3.8%), and apocrine adenocarcinoma (1.9%). CONCLUSION: This study provides data on the incidence of scalp tumors. The results of our study were different from previous studies possibly owing to regional differences between reported patient populations. We advise physicians to appropriately diagnose and treat scalp tumors at the earliest suspicion of malignancy.
Adenocarcinoma ; Bowen's Disease ; Carcinoma, Basal Cell ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Dermatology ; Female ; Granuloma, Pyogenic ; Hemangioma ; Hemangiosarcoma ; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous ; Humans ; Incidence ; Keratosis, Actinic ; Keratosis, Seborrheic ; Lymphoma ; Male ; Neurofibroma ; Nevus ; Nevus, Intradermal ; Retrospective Studies ; Scalp*