No abstract available.
Hemorrhage*

Recently attention has been focused on the biology of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1). TGF-beta1, a potent regulator of cell proliferation, stimulates the proliferation of many cell types of mesenchymal origin and inhibits the growth of many epithelial cells. But its cellular distribution and temporal expression remain unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate immunohistochemically the cellular distribution and temporal expression of TGF-beta1 during rat hepatic fibrosis induced by dimethylnitrosamine (DMN). At an early stage of liver fibrosis, there was evidence of multiple centrilobular hemorrhagic necrosis with parenchymal lobular collapse, and at a late stage, there was septal fibrosis with micronodule formation of the parenchyme. TGF-beta1 peptide was first expressed in centrilobular clusters of macrophage which were surrounded by many TGF-beta1 negative fat-storing cells (FSCs). Along with the progression of fibrosis, the TGF-beta1 peptide was expressed in the alpha-smooth muscle actin positive FSCs and also in some peripherally located hepatocytes of micronodules. Serum IFN-gamma was detected in the serum 2 weeks after an initial administration of DMN had reached the peak level at the 4th week and then markedly decreased at the 5th week. We think that TGF-beta1 peptide is produced by macrophages influenced by soluble IFN-gamma, and is expressed in the -smooth muscle actin positive mesenchymal cells and regenerating hepatocytes, and that this cytokine may have an important role in the synthesis of the extracellular matrix and in the regulation of hepatocytic regeneration.
Actins ; Animals ; Biology ; Cell Proliferation ; Dimethylnitrosamine* ; Epithelial Cells ; Extracellular Matrix ; Fibrosis* ; Hepatocytes ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Liver* ; Macrophages ; Necrosis ; Rats* ; Regeneration ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1*

No abstract available.
Pancreas*

This article explores the indigenization of licorice(Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.) which was the most important medicine of the Oriental Medicine. There are a lot of records on licorice even before the Joseon Dynasty. The licorice had been used mainly in stomach related diseases such as food poisoning or indigestion. But the licorice was an imported medicine until the early days of the Joseon Dynasty. As the Joseon Dynasty began, the licorice production became necessary with the investigation and obtaining the herbs. And a large amount of licorice was needed when the epidemics outbroke under the reign of King Sejong. In particular, the licorice had been essential in treating the diseases of the Cold Damage which was focused in the Joseon Dynasty. That was why King Sejong ordered to plant the licorice in the Chollado province and Hamgildo province in 1448. But the licorice cultivation was not easy for two reasons. First, it was difficult to find the proper soil for proper soil for planting. Second, the people didn't actively grow the licorice, because they had to devote the licorice as the tax when the indigenization of licorice was succeeded. King Sejo and King Seongjong encouraged the people to plant the licorice. The recognition that the licorice is essential in pediatric diseases such as smallpox got stronger then before. Finally the indigenization of licorice was completed under the reign of King Seongjong. According to the Dongguknyeojiseungnam, edited in 1481, and Shinjeungdongguknyeojiseungnam, edited in 1530, the licorice was planted in seven districts. With the success of the indigenization of licorice, the approach of the people to the Oriental Medicine treatment had became much easier.
Glycyrrhiza uralensis/*growth & development ; History, 15th Century ; History, 16th Century ; History, Medieval ; Korea ; Medicine, Korean Traditional/*history

The author examined the immunophenotype and expression of Epstem-Barr virus RNA (EBERs) used in the situ hybridization technique in 20 cases of conventional malignant lymphoma and 28 cases of polymorphic reticulosis and malignant lymphoma with features of polymorphic reticulosis occured in the upper aerodigestive tract including the upper digestive tract(palatine tonsil), and upper respiratory tract(nasal cavity, paranasal sinus, nasopharynx). The results obtained were summarized as followings; 1. The favorable site of malignant lymphoma that occured in the upper aerodigestive tract was in the palatine tonsil(11 out of 20 cases, 55%), those of polymorphic reticulosis and malignant lymphoma with features of polymorphic reticulosis were nasal cavity and nasopharynx(19 out of 28 cases, 78%). 2. The immunophentype of malignant lymphoma that occured in the upper aerodigestive tract was mostly B-cell phenotype (15 out of 20 cases, 75%), and that of polymorphic reticulosis and malignant lymphoma with features of polymorphic reticulosis was predominantly T-cell phenotype(22 out of 28 cases, 79%). 3. The EBERs positivity of malignant lymphoma that occured in the upper aerodigestive tract was 25%(5 out of 20 cases), but that of polymorphic reticulosis and malignant lymphoma with features of polymorphic reticulosis was 57%(16 out of 28 cases). 4. The positive cases for EBERs revealed angiocentricity with necrosis(16 out of 21 cases, 76%), predominantly T-cell phenotype(19 out of 21 cases, 90%), and favorably involved the nasal cavity and nasopharynx(16 out of 21 cases, 76%). Based on the above results, it was concluded that polymorphic reticulosis and malignant lymphoma with features of polymorphic reticulosis that occurred in the upper respiratory tract was an EBV-positive angiocentric T-cell lymphoma favorably involving the nasal cavity and nasopharynx.

Neonatal infective endocarditis is fatal and rare disease but recently there is a trend of an increase in incidence even without congenital heart disease when there are high risk as prematurity, central vein catheterization and neonatal cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Symchych reported that in about 3% of autopsy cases of an year, the findings of infective endocarditis were noted. In Korea, there was a case report but it was case of a premature infant who had umbilical vein catheterization and respiratory ventilator treatment. We experienced a case of neonatal infective endocarditis in a female infant who was delivered at 34 weeks gestational age without receiving central vein catheterization or neonatal cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Although she received intensive antibiotic therapy for staphylococcus cultured in blood, she died necessarily. We reported a case of neonatal infective endocarditis without cardiac anomaly with brief review of related literature.
Autopsy ; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Catheterization ; Catheters ; Endocarditis* ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Korea ; Rare Diseases ; Staphylococcus ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Umbilical Veins ; Veins ; Ventilators, Mechanical

No abstract available.
Seasonal Affective Disorder* ; Seasons*

No abstract available.
Bile Ducts* ; Bile* ; Gallbladder*

PURPOSE: To determine the accuracy of automated computer aided volumetry for simulated small pulmonary nodules at computed tomography using various types of phantoms MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three sets of synthetic nodules (small, calcified and those adjacent to vessels) were studied. The volume of the nodules in each set was already known, and using multi-slice CT, volumetric data for each nodule was acquired from the three-dimensional reconstructed image. The volume was calculated by applying three different threshold values using Rapidia(R) software (3D-Med, Seoul, Korea). RESULTS: Relative errors in the measured volume of synthetic pulmonary nodules were 17.3, 2.9, and 11.5% at -200, -400, and -600 HU, respectively, and there was good correlation between true volume and measured volume at -400 HU (r=0.96, p<0.001). For calcified nodules, relative errors in measured volume were 10.9, 5.3, and 16.5% at -200, -400, and -600 HU, respectively, and there was good correlation between true volume and measured volume at -400 HU (r=1.03, p<0.001). In cases involving synthetic nodules adjacent to vessels, relative errors were 4.6, 16.3, and 31.2 % at -200, -400, and -600 HU, respectively. There was good correlation between true volume and measured volume at -200 HU (r=1.1, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Using computer-aided volumetry, the measured volumes of synthetic nodules correlated closely with their true volume. Measured volumes were the same at each threshold level, regardless of window setting.
Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Seoul

PURPOSE: If a mesocolon or colon invasion of gastric cancer was clinically suspected during an operation, a colon resection combined with a gastrectomy is generally recommended. However, sometimes no pathologic invasion of cancer cells is experienced. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare post operative pathohistologic T3 and T4 in cases of clinical proven T4 when treated by a radical gastrectomy combined a colon segmental resection. METHODS: Thirty-eight patients were treated by a radical gastrectomy (D2 lymph node dissection) combined with a colon segmental resection at the Department of Surgery, Gospel Hospital, Kosin University, between Jan. 1990 and Dec. 2001. The accuracy of the preoperative clinical T-stage was analyzed, along with a retrospective analysis of age, gender, tumor site and size, type of gastrectomy, histology, lymph node metastasis, Borrmann type, tumor marker (CEA), and the rates of complications, mortality and survival between pathohistologic T3 and T4. The survival rate was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method using the SPSS statistical program; other statistical analyses were performed using the chi-squared test. RESULTS: Stomach cancer, suspected of mesocolon mesentery or colon invasion in the operation field, was treated with an extended radical gastrectomy with colon segmental resection (122 cases). Of the 122 cases 84, which had incurable factors, such as peritoneal metastasis, liver metastasis and follow up loss, were excluded. The remaining 38 cases were curatively treated with an extended radical gastrectomy combined colon segmental resection and D2 lymph node dissection. The accuracy of the clinical T-stage from preoperative CT scans were clinical and pathological T4 in 23 (60.5%) and 17 (44.8%) of the 38 cases, respectively. The 5 year survival rates of pathohistologic T3 and T4 were 21.2 and 13.5%, respectively. CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference between the pathohistologic T3 or T4 stages with respect to the survival rate and other clinical features. For these reasons, a radical gastrectomy combined a colon segmental resection is suggested with stomach cancer when mesocolon mesentery or colon invasion is suspected.
Colon* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gastrectomy* ; Humans ; Liver ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymph Nodes ; Mesentery ; Mesocolon ; Mortality ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms* ; Survival Rate ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed