No abstract available.
Stroke*

Cognitive deficit is frequently observed in patients with schizophrenia. It is significantly associated with functional outcome. In the past 20 years, due to significant advances on the concept of schizophrenia, cognitive deficit has been accepted as a core feature. In the DSM-5, cognitive deficit does not introduce diagnostic criteria of schizophrenia, but did one dimension of diagnosis of psychosis. Existing schizophrenia drugs are effective in treatment of positive symptoms of schizophrenia, but lack of effectiveness on improving cognitive function. Led by NIMH (National Institute of Mental Health), the MATRICS (Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia) meeting was conducted in order to achieve consensus on measuring tools and neuropharmacological targets for clinical trials for development of new drugs for improvement of cognitive function in schizophrenia. At the MATRICS consensus meeting, glutamatergic modulators and nicotinic and muscarinic agonists are expected to be promising, but should be proven by a double-blind placebo-controlled multicenter study for patients.
Cognition ; Consensus ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Muscarinic Agonists ; National Institute of Mental Health (U.S.) ; Psychotic Disorders ; Schizophrenia*

Immunological effect of the extract (KM-110) from Korean mistletoe (Viscum album coloratum) was examined. Lymphocytes obtained from KM-110-administrated mice showed increased responsiveness to mitogens, concanavalin-A (Con.A) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In order to study cytokine induct ability of the KM-110, macrophages from the Balb/c mice were cultivated in the medium containing the extract. the macrophages were shown to induce secretion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin 1 and 6 (IL-1, IL-6) and interferon-gamma (INF-gamma). We then tested antitumor activity of the macrophages activated by the KM-110. Peritoneal macrophages harvested from the KM110-treated Balb/c mice exhibited cytotoxicity against the syngeneic 3LL carcinoma cells. ...continue...
Animals ; Interferon-gamma ; Interleukin-1 ; Lymphocytes ; Macrophages ; Macrophages, Peritoneal ; Mice ; Mistletoe* ; Mitogens ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; Viscum album* ; Viscum*

No abstract available.
Brain Abscess* ; Brain* ; Catheters*

PURPOSE: We describe our successful experience using a capsular tension ring (CTR) and iris repair during cataract surgery in a patient with bilateral coloboma. METHODS: A 67-year-old woman had no history of trauma, but had zonular deficiency and inferonasal iris defects in both eyes. An extracapsular cataract extraction and intraocular lens (IOL) scleral fixation was performed in the left eye. A CTR was implanted in the right eye through a sclerocorneal incision. After the IOL was placed centrally in the capsular bag, two paracenteses were made at the limbus (5 o'clock and 7 o'clock). A long, straight needle was passed through the 7 o'clock paracentesis site into a angled, blunt tipped 27 gauge needle inserted from the 5 o'clock paracentesis. The two needles were pulled out at 5 o'clock. After inserting the long needle into the blunt tipped needle at 7 o'clock, both were passed back through the 7 o'clock paracentesis site. The needles were pulled out again at the 5 o'clock paracentesis site tied. Equal tension was used to tie both sides. RESULTS: Visual acuity improved to 20/20 in the right eye. CONCLUSIONS: Both capsular tension ring implantation and iris repair was successfully performed at the time of cataract surgery in a coloboma patient, which resulted in improvements in visual function and cosmesis.
Prosthesis Implantation/*methods ; *Prostheses and Implants ; Lens Implantation, Intraocular ; Iris/*surgery ; Humans ; Follow-Up Studies ; Female ; Coloboma/complications/*surgery ; Cataract Extraction ; Cataract/*complications ; Aged

OBJECTIVE: The tolerance and the safety of temporary arterial occlusion in aneurysm surgery are variable among patients because of individual variations of their collateral circulation. We recorded continuous intraoperative regional cortical blood flow(rCoBF) with thermal diffusion flowmetry(TDF) in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage to determine a safe time limit for temporary occlusion in relation to rCoBF. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From Oct. '97 to Sep. '98, 40 patients with cerebral aneurysm at anterior cerebral artery(ACA) or middle cerebral artery(MCA) were included in this study. The TDF probe was placed over the cortex which was supplied by corresponding arteries. For data analysis, we included only the patients with Hunt-Hess grade I or II on admission. RESULTS: The total occlusion time of the proximal parent artery in 24 patients was on average 21.8 minutes, ranging between 9 minutes and 68 minutes. The lowest rCoBF in relation to temporary occlusion time in patient with excellent outcome was as follows: 0ml/100mg/min for 13 minutes and 6ml/100mg/min(11% of basal rCoBF) for 18 minutes in the middle cerebral artery and bilateral anterior cerebral arteries, respectively. The multiple regression equation regarding safe time for temporary clipping was as follows: safe time = 5.5 + 0.06 X rCoBF intra + 0.25 X rCoBF pre. And reperfusion time for the full recovery of rCoBF was within 4 minute in most cases, except some no-reflow cases. CONCLUSION: In our study with proper brain protection, a safe time limit for temporary occlusion was calculated 18 minutes even at 0ml/100mg/min in the MCA and this technique seems to be very useful to detect a continuous real time change of rCoBF during aneurysm surgery.
Aneurysm* ; Anterior Cerebral Artery ; Arteries ; Brain ; Collateral Circulation ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm ; Middle Cerebral Artery ; Parents ; Reperfusion ; Statistics as Topic ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ; Thermal Diffusion

PURPOSE: To evaluate the morphological changes in the external eyes after upper blepharoplasty. METHODS: Twenty-six eyes of 13 patients undergoing upper blepharoplasty from May 2002 to May 2003 were selected. All surgeries were performed by one surgeon. MRD1, MRD2, interpalpebral fissure height, and levator function test were each measured twice, and the averages were calculated. Likewise, significant changes were checked before and after the operation. The subjects were divided into two groups. For group A (n=12), a double line suture was stitched at the levator aponeurosis, which was directly superior to the tarsal plate. In group B (n=14) the suture was stitched at a levator aponeurosis 3 mm superior to tarsal plate. The delta levator function (postoperative mean levator function minus preoperative mean levator function) measurements were calculated and compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The MRD1 was 2.04+/-0.75 (mean+/-SD) before the operation, and 2.0+/-0.81 after the operation. MRD2 was 5.23+/-0.75 before the operation, 5.35+/-0.54 after operation. Interpalpebral fissure height was 7.27+/-0.38 before the operation and 7.35+/-0.63 after the operation. There were no statistically significant factors before and after the operation in MRD1, MRD2 and interpalpebral fissure height. The levator function was 14.04+/-1.80 before versus 16.19+/-1.58 after. This increase was statistically significant (p<0.01, Wilcoxon signed ranks test). The delta levator function was 1.58+/-0.90 for group A and 1.96+/-1.36 for group B. CONCLUSIONS: After upper blepharoplasty, the measurement of levator function increased significantly.
Blepharoplasty* ; Eyelids* ; Humans ; Sutures

Brain retraction, aneurysm dissection, and proper neck clipping without compromise of perforating vessel are essential procedures for successful aneurysm surgery. One method of facilitating aneurysm dissection and preventing premature aneurysmal rupture is temporary occlusion of the parent artery. This review included a variety of intraoperative electrophysiological and hemodynamic monitoring related to mainly temporary vessel occlusion during aneurysm surgery.
Aneurysm ; Arteries ; Brain ; Electroencephalography ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm* ; Middle Cerebral Artery* ; Monitoring, Intraoperative* ; Neck ; Parents ; Rupture

We experienced a case of falcine mesenchymal chondrosarcoma in a 22-year-old pregnant woman. Cartilage cell tumors within the cranium are very rare, only less than 0.2% of all intracranial tumors. Because a few examples of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma in this locttion have been reported, we reviewed previous reports cases, to determine the natural history of intracranial chondrosarcomas. The distinguishing features of this rare tumor are compared with previous cases of itracranial tumors derived from cartilage.
Cartilage ; Chondrosarcoma* ; Chondrosarcoma, Mesenchymal ; Female ; Humans ; Natural History ; Pregnant Women ; Skull ; Young Adult

Diffuse telangiectatic type of pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is an uncommon disease entity in which numerous small arteriovenous connections occur throughout the lungs. It has rarely been confirmed by pulmonary angiography. We report a case of diffuse telangiectatic pulmonary AVM occurring in a patient with dyspnea and confirmed by CT using the slab maximum intensity projection (MIP) technique and conventional direct pulmonary angiography.
Angiography ; Arteriovenous Malformations* ; Dyspnea ; Humans ; Lung ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed*