PURPOSE: To evaluate the prognostic significances of angiogenesis and bc1-2, and association of each other, we investigated the correlation of microvessel count for angiogenesis and bcl-2 expression in breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analysed immunohistochemistry staining from paraffin blocks in a series of 145 women with breast cancer. Immunohistochemical staining to detect factor VIII-related antigen highlighted the microvessels within primary invasive breast carcinoma. Using light microscopy, we counted microvessels per 200X field in the most active areas of neovascularization. To determine the bcl-2 immunoreactivity, we used a monoclonal antibody directed against the bcl-2 protein. RESULTS: The median of microvessel count (MVC) was 31.5, and the proportions of tumors with low and high MVC were 51% and 49%. Eighty (55.2%) cancers showed the bcl-2 immunoreactivity in the cytoplasm. The microvessel count were correlated with lymph node status (p <0.001), tumor size (p=0.001), and lymphatic invasion around tumor (p=0.009). bcl-2 expressions were corelated with estrogen receptor positivity (p<0.001) and progesterone recepter positivity (p=0.029). The microvessel counts were negatively correlated with bcl-2 expression (p=0.006). CONCLUSION: This study suggest that the angiogenesis which was investigated by micro- vessel counts was negatively correlated with bcl-2 expression.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Cytoplasm ; Estrogens ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymph Nodes ; Microscopy ; Microvessels ; Paraffin ; Progesterone ; von Willebrand Factor

No Abstract Available.
Case-Control Studies*

No abstract available.
Hand ; Hyperplasia

Purpose: We report a case of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) in a high hyperopia and appositional angle closure glaucoma (AACG) patient mimicking glaucomatocyclitic crisis.Case summary: A 57-year-old man presented with headache, ocular pain, and visual disturbance in the right eye for 3 days. There was no past medical history. The best corrected visual acuity was 0.02 and the intraocular pressure (IOP) was 30 mmHg in the right eye. Refractive errors were +7.25 diopters in the right eye. Slit-lamp examination revealed corneal edema, anterior chamber (AC) inflammation (+1), 6 mm-dilated fixed pupil, and >1/4 peripheral AC depth in the right eye. Fundus examination revealed optic disc swelling, and visual fields test demonstrated inferior altitudinal field defects in the right eye. Glaucomatocyclitic crisis and NAION in the right eye were diagnosed. Topical anti-glaucoma eyedrops and intravenous steroid were administered. IOP was not controlled and then, gonioscopy revealed a grade 1 360° B10s appositional angle closure on Shaffer classification in the right eye. Laser iridotomy was performed. IOP increasement, ocular pain of the right eye, and headache disappeared. After 1 month later, fundus examination revealed an improved optic disc swelling and 0.4 cup-to-disc ratio in the right eye. The visual acuity in the right eye didn’t improve after 3 months. Conclusions NAION may occur in AACG patient with high hyperopia even if there is no underlying systmemic disease or small cup-to-disc ratio.

Purpose: To investigate the prevalence of ophthalmic manifestations in patients with Tourette syndrome using big data based on samples extracted from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. Methods: The study participants included Korean patients under the age of 18 years who had received a Tourette syndrome diagnostic code (F95.2) between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2016. Ophthalmic manifestations reported to be related to Tourette syndrome such as tic disorder, blepharospasm, involuntary gaze abnormality, and strabismus were selected as ophthalmic clinical diagnostic codes; amblyopia and refractive errors that had never been investigated in conjunction with Tourette syndrome were also selected. Prevalence was investigated using big data. Results: A total of 3,643 Tourette syndrome patients (2,777 men and 866 women) were included in the study. The number of patients receiving a tic disorder diagnostic code was 3,643 (100%); blepharospasm, 48 (1.3%); involuntary gaze abnormalities, 9 (0.2%); and strabismus, 109 (3%). In addition, the number of patients receiving an amblyopia diagnostic code was 29 (0.8%), and the number of patients with a refractive errors code was 1,306 (35.8%). Conclusions Tourette syndrome can be accompanied by several ophthalmic manifestations. Thus, cooperation between a neuropsychiatrist and an ophthalmologist, and regular ophthalmological examinations, are considered necessary.

Purpose: We report a case of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) in a high hyperopia and appositional angle closure glaucoma (AACG) patient mimicking glaucomatocyclitic crisis.Case summary: A 57-year-old man presented with headache, ocular pain, and visual disturbance in the right eye for 3 days. There was no past medical history. The best corrected visual acuity was 0.02 and the intraocular pressure (IOP) was 30 mmHg in the right eye. Refractive errors were +7.25 diopters in the right eye. Slit-lamp examination revealed corneal edema, anterior chamber (AC) inflammation (+1), 6 mm-dilated fixed pupil, and >1/4 peripheral AC depth in the right eye. Fundus examination revealed optic disc swelling, and visual fields test demonstrated inferior altitudinal field defects in the right eye. Glaucomatocyclitic crisis and NAION in the right eye were diagnosed. Topical anti-glaucoma eyedrops and intravenous steroid were administered. IOP was not controlled and then, gonioscopy revealed a grade 1 360° B10s appositional angle closure on Shaffer classification in the right eye. Laser iridotomy was performed. IOP increasement, ocular pain of the right eye, and headache disappeared. After 1 month later, fundus examination revealed an improved optic disc swelling and 0.4 cup-to-disc ratio in the right eye. The visual acuity in the right eye didn’t improve after 3 months. Conclusions NAION may occur in AACG patient with high hyperopia even if there is no underlying systmemic disease or small cup-to-disc ratio.

Purpose: To investigate the prevalence of ophthalmic manifestations in patients with Tourette syndrome using big data based on samples extracted from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. Methods: The study participants included Korean patients under the age of 18 years who had received a Tourette syndrome diagnostic code (F95.2) between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2016. Ophthalmic manifestations reported to be related to Tourette syndrome such as tic disorder, blepharospasm, involuntary gaze abnormality, and strabismus were selected as ophthalmic clinical diagnostic codes; amblyopia and refractive errors that had never been investigated in conjunction with Tourette syndrome were also selected. Prevalence was investigated using big data. Results: A total of 3,643 Tourette syndrome patients (2,777 men and 866 women) were included in the study. The number of patients receiving a tic disorder diagnostic code was 3,643 (100%); blepharospasm, 48 (1.3%); involuntary gaze abnormalities, 9 (0.2%); and strabismus, 109 (3%). In addition, the number of patients receiving an amblyopia diagnostic code was 29 (0.8%), and the number of patients with a refractive errors code was 1,306 (35.8%). Conclusions Tourette syndrome can be accompanied by several ophthalmic manifestations. Thus, cooperation between a neuropsychiatrist and an ophthalmologist, and regular ophthalmological examinations, are considered necessary.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine the electromyographic activities of the erector spinae muscle of the back and the rectus femoris muscle of the thigh, and to measure the angles of the spinal and knee flexions in order to determine the effect of wearing a back belt. METHODS: Fifteen healthy males participated in the study. Surface electromyography was used to measure the level of muscle activities at the two muscle groups. The Simi system, utilizing two-dimensional analysis of movement, was used to examine the range of motion of the back and low extremity. RESULTS: Firstly, the angle of the spinal flexion was significantly less in the back-belt-wearing group than in the control, and that of the knee flexion was significantly increased in the back-belt-wearing group. Secondly, there was no significant change in the electromyographic signals of the erector spinae muscle of the back and the rectus femoris muscle of the thigh. CONCLUSIONS: The use of back belts helps workers to correct their posture when lifting boxes. It can therefore protect workers from acute back injuries.
Back Injuries ; Electromyography ; Extremities* ; Humans ; Knee ; Lifting* ; Male ; Posture ; Quadriceps Muscle ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Thigh

PURPOSE: Airway eosinophilic inflammation is a characteristic feature of asthma. Sputum analysis can be used as a non-invasive tool to assess severity of the airway inflammation. This study was performed to compare relationships between sputum eosinophils to other parameters of airway inflammation and to evaluate the clinical utility of sputum eosinophils and ECP in childhood asthma. METHODS: A total of 40 asthmatic children over 6 years of age were divided into two groups : Group A of 15 current symptomatic subjects and Group B of 25 stable asymptomatic subjects with history of asthma for 2 weeks. Eosinophils in induced sputum were compared with the severity of asthma symptom, pulmonary function, bronchial hyperresponsiveness by methacholine, sputum ECP, blood eosinophils and serum ECP. RESULTS: 1) Asthmatics had a significantly higher proportion of sputum eosinophils than the control subjects (15.2+/-17.8% VS 3.8+/-4.5%, P<0.01). Group A had a significantly higher proportion of sputum eosinophils than group B (22.9+/-21.7% VS 11.2+/-14.8%, P<0.05). 2) Sputum eosinophils were correlated with symptom scores in asthmatics (r=0.76, P<0.01), inversely correlated with FEV1 in group A (r=-0.65, P<0.01) and with LogPC20 in group B (r=-0.45, P<0.05). 3) Sputum eosinophils were correlated with sputum ECP for group A; r=0.77 (P<0.01) and for group B; r=0.39 (P<0.05) but not correlated with serum ECP. 4) Sputum eosinophils were correlated with blood eosinophils in group A (r=0.67, P<0.05), but not in group B. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the proportion of eosinophils and the level of ECP in induced sputum may be sensitive and accurate means of assessing the airway inflammation in childhood asthma, and their relationships with blood eosinophils or serum ECP are to be studied further.
Asthma* ; Child ; Eosinophil Cationic Protein* ; Eosinophils* ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Methacholine Chloride ; Sputum*

PURPOSE: c-erbB2 encodes 185 kDa oncoprotein with tyrosine kinase activity and has homology to the epidermal growth factor receptor. c-erbB2 proto-oncogene is found to be overexpressed in approximately 20 to 30% of primary breast cancer and has been associated with poor prognosis and lower response to conventional chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We perfonned a study on 40 infiltrating ductal breast cancers treated with primary surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. We investigated c-erbB2 expression by immunohistochemistry in paraffin-embedded tissue using polyclonal antipeptide antibody(DAKO). We evaluated the relationships between its expression and the results after over 6 cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy including cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and 5-FU. RESULTS: The median age at diagnosis was 43 years and the median follow-up time was 47.3 months. Thirteen(32.1%) of 40 patients showed the c-erbB2 overexpression in the external domains of protein. There were no correlations among c-erbB2 amplification and other prognostic factors such as hormonal receptors, histologic grade and tumor size. Estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor showed tendency of inverse correlation with c-erbB2 overexpression but it was not statistically significant(p>0.05). c-erbB2 positive patients showed shorter disease free survival compared to c-erbB2 negative patients in univariate analysis(p<0.05)(Kaplan Meire analysis). The patients without c-erbB2 overexpression seemed to survive longer but had no significant survival benefit(p>0.05). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that overexpression of c-erbB2 may be a marker of poor response to adjuvant chemotherapy with CMF regimen and may be an indicator of more aggressive therapy.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Cyclophosphamide ; Diagnosis ; Disease-Free Survival ; Drug Therapy* ; Estrogens ; Fluorouracil ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Methotrexate ; Prognosis ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; Proto-Oncogenes ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; Receptors, Progesterone