No abstract available.
Humans ; Trigger Points*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone* ; Hydrocortisone* ; Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation*

Purpose: To report a case of massive retinal hemorrhage during epiretinal membrane (ERM) peeling in a patient with iron deficiency anemia (IDA).Case summary: A 59-year-old female presented with gradually decreasing visual acuity and dysmorphopsia in the right eye for several months. She had a history of chronic IDA due to subtotal gastrectomy from gastric cancer 20 years prior. The patient was diagnosed as having macular ERM and underwent vitrectomy. During ERM peeling with intraocular forceps, we found a massive retinal hemorrhage which was presumed to have originated from the superotemporal branched retinal artery. After hemostasis, the operation was completed without critical complications. However, 2 months after surgery, the patient presented with decreased visual acuity once again. In fundus examination, diffuse macular tractional ERM was evident in the proximity of the previous intraoperative hemorrhage site. The patient underwent tractional membrane and internal limiting membrane removal surgery. The patient is currently undergoing follow-up without complications to date following the second surgery. Conclusions Our case study describes a patient having experienced massive retinal hemorrhage presumably having originated from a superotemporal branched retinal artery during ERM peeling. We speculate that the endothelial cells of retinal vessels are more vulnerable than normal in patients with severe chronic IDA.

Purpose: To report a case of massive retinal hemorrhage during epiretinal membrane (ERM) peeling in a patient with iron deficiency anemia (IDA).Case summary: A 59-year-old female presented with gradually decreasing visual acuity and dysmorphopsia in the right eye for several months. She had a history of chronic IDA due to subtotal gastrectomy from gastric cancer 20 years prior. The patient was diagnosed as having macular ERM and underwent vitrectomy. During ERM peeling with intraocular forceps, we found a massive retinal hemorrhage which was presumed to have originated from the superotemporal branched retinal artery. After hemostasis, the operation was completed without critical complications. However, 2 months after surgery, the patient presented with decreased visual acuity once again. In fundus examination, diffuse macular tractional ERM was evident in the proximity of the previous intraoperative hemorrhage site. The patient underwent tractional membrane and internal limiting membrane removal surgery. The patient is currently undergoing follow-up without complications to date following the second surgery. Conclusions Our case study describes a patient having experienced massive retinal hemorrhage presumably having originated from a superotemporal branched retinal artery during ERM peeling. We speculate that the endothelial cells of retinal vessels are more vulnerable than normal in patients with severe chronic IDA.

Ureteritis cystica is one of the cystic diseases formed in the mucosa or submucosa of the renal pelvic, ureter and bladder by chronic inflammation or irritation. A rare case of ureteritis cystica confirmed by ureteroscopy is presented with review of the literatures.
Inflammation ; Mucous Membrane ; Ureter* ; Ureteroscopy ; Urinary Bladder

OBJECTIVE: We studied the effects of the age factor in pregnant women who are over the age of 35 on pregnancy, parturition and verified its usefulness in the future managements of the old aged pregnancy. METHODS: Out of 2,526 mothers who delivered in Dongguk university hospital from April 2000 to June 2003, we selected 183 mothers who aged more than 35 years as a study group, and 150 mothers aged between 25 and 29 years as a control group. We then statistically evaluated and analyzed the two groups. RESULTS: Study group consumed up to 7.24%. Placenta previa, male birth delivery, abnormal presentation, low birth weight, iron deficiency anemia and preterm labor was noted more in the study group. Likewise, preterm delivery, pregnancy induced hypertension and cesarean section rates were significantly high in the study group. CONCLUSION: Pregnancy in old age is currently a rising trend. Whlie they might have the tendency to show prenatal complications, neonatal complication and difficult decision making in delivery method, early detection and treatment of presumable complications by adequate antenatal care and appropriate selection of delivery method can reduce the section rates and obtain relatively successful pregnancy outcome.
Age Factors ; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency ; Cesarean Section ; Decision Making ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Mothers ; Obstetric Labor, Premature ; Parturition ; Placenta Previa ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Pregnancy* ; Pregnant Women*

Fungal corneal ulcer is well known longstanding and troublesome disorder in eye clinic. Paecilomyces, a well known saprophytic fungi, is rarely pathogenic in normal humal being. Authors experienced a case of corneal ulcer caused by Paecilomyces in diabetic patient wearing soft contact lens, that was proved by Gram stain and Sabouraud agar culture. We report this as the first case of corneal ulcer caused by Paecilomyces in Korea.
Agar ; Contact Lenses, Hydrophilic* ; Corneal Ulcer* ; Fungi ; Humans ; Korea ; Paecilomyces*

PURPOSE: To report a case of Purtscher's retinopathy accompanied by serous retinal detachment in a patient with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) who was referred to us for treatment of post-traumatic visual discomfort. CASE SUMMARY: A 36-year-old man with history of RP was referred to us with the chief complaint of bilateral visual discomfort after chest injury from a traffic accident. His corrected visual acuity was 0.3 and 0.6 in the right and left eyes, respectively. Fundus examination revealed findings characteristic of RP in both eyes, along with a lesion in the right eye, which was suspected to be a serous elevation of the macula, as well as suspected exudates near the optic nerves. Optical coherence tomography indicated serous retinal detachment in the right eye, and fluorescein angiography findings were characteristic of RP. Seven days later, the amount of cotton-wool exudate in the right eye had increased and was more distinct than at the initial examination, and retinal hemorrhage was observed. Based on the medical history and specific fundus findings, the patient was diagnosed with Purtscher's retinopathy. One month later, the serous retinal detachment in the right eye had improved, but the vision loss and total anopsia in the right eye persisted. CONCLUSIONS: The concomitant occurrence of RP and Purtscher's retinopathy is very rare. Moreover, the presence of accompanying serous retinal detachment and delayed onset of typical clinical symptoms are not present in typical Purtscher's retinopathy.
Accidents, Traffic ; Adult ; Exudates and Transudates ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Humans ; Optic Nerve ; Retinal Detachment* ; Retinal Hemorrhage ; Retinaldehyde* ; Retinitis Pigmentosa* ; Retinitis* ; Thoracic Injuries ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: To report an unusual case of endogenous endophthalmitis in a patient with Klebsiella pneumoniae primary liver abscess. CASE SUMMARY: A-54-year-old man with diabetes mellitus and liver abscess was referred to us for consultation of visual loss in his left eye for 2 days. On the first examination, the patient's left visual acuity was hand motion and the left intraocular pressure was 13 mmHg. Vitreous opacity and inflammatory membrane were detected with increased echogenicity using ultrasonography. Vitectomy and intravitreous antibiotic injection were performed under the impression of endogenous endophthalmitis caused by liver abscess on the day of the first visit. Culture revealed Klebsiella pneumoniae from blood and liver abscess. After vitrectomy, the patient showed improvement. However, on the 20th and 40th postoperative days, the patient complained of blurred vision, and inflammation and hypopyon were observed in the anterior chamber. An intracameral antibiotic injection and anterior chamber washing were performed. The patient has not complained of any other symptoms to date. CONCLUSIONS: In this patient with endophthalmitis, inflammation and hypopyon in the anterior chamber were evident three times after vitrectomy. Ultimately, the inflammation was effectively controlled by intracameral antibiotic injection and anterior chamber washes.
Anterior Chamber ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Endophthalmitis* ; Hand ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Intraocular Pressure ; Klebsiella pneumoniae ; Klebsiella* ; Liver Abscess ; Membranes ; Pneumonia* ; Ultrasonography ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy