With the rapid developments of science and technology, the diagnosis technology based on nuclear physics and radiotherapy technology are widely used in medicine, but radiation at the same time could have different levels of damage to human body. Therefore, it is of great significance to research and develop drugs that can prevent and treat radiation damage. The research progresses and prospects of radiation-resistant natural products, such as polysaccharides, flavonoids, phenolic acids, saponins and so on, were reviewed in this paper in order to provide a reference for further developments.