OBJECTIVETo analyze the content of tanshinone IIA in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae from different habitats are regularly altered and find out the deviation between the studies.

METHODThe data of the content of tanshinone IIA in samples of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae from different areas and related information since 1997 was collected and statistically analyzed.

RESULT AND CONCLUSIONThe content of tanshinone IIA in wild Salvia was generally higher than that in the cultivated Salvia, and the content in nearly half cultivated Salvia was less than 0.2%. There existed a big difference between the used statistical model, and the data related the content in samples from Sichuan was the most divisive. The coefficient of variation of wild Salvia was below the cultivated Salvia, and the cultivated Salvia from different areas showed different coefficients of variation. The content of tanshinone IIA was lower when samples were extracted using the heating reflux method.

Diterpenes, Abietane ; Phenanthrenes ; analysis ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; chemistry

This review presents the most recent chemical and biological investigations on one of the marine invertebrates, gorgonian octocoral. It summarizes all 432 new compounds published in 2002-2009, which consists of 46 sesquiterpenoids (including 2 new natural products, NNP), 282 diterpenoids (including 4 from Pennatulacea octocoral and one artifact), 76 steroids, and 29 alkaloids or other types (2 NNP included). In this paper, according to the structure division, the new compounds are described in combination with the taxonomy of the investigated animals, and its simultaneous bioactivity results. Novel skeletons and complex structures are paid most emphasis on its features, means of structural elucidation and the proposed biogenesis pathway. The source of all new compounds and the different diterpenoid skeleton types are all listed and analyzed, as well as the commonly used Chinese names or some proposed ones for diterpenoid skeletons. Furthermore, this papers deals with all biological test toward the gorgonian new metabolites, i.e. anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial(against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, Mycobacterium tuberculosis etc), anti-malaria, and anti-fouling as well, in which anti-cancer activity and cytotoxicity were additionally, a discussion and prospect are proposed regarding chemical overview on gorgonian. This review, hopefully, can be useful in proving data and references for further chemical and biological research of China sea gorgonian, for the studies on chemical ecology, and for the discovery of new and bioactive compounds or the marine-derived leading targets.
Alkaloids ; analysis ; Animals ; Anthozoa ; chemistry ; physiology ; Diterpenes ; analysis ; Sesquiterpenes ; analysis ; Steroids ; analysis

Andrographis paniculata from different parts and origins were analyzed by UPLC-PDA fingerprint to provide refererice for related preparation technology. Using the peak of andrographolide as reference, 27 common peaks were identified, and digitized UPLC-PDA fingerprints for 23 batches of andrographis paniculata were established in this research. Principal component analysis (PCA) was carried out after feature extraction. The contents of andrographolide, neoandrographolide, deoxyandrographolide, dehydroandrographolide were determined by external standard method. The Plackett-Burman design combined with pareto chart was used to analyze the factors influencing the robustness of the method. It was found that the medicinal part has a more remarkable influence on the quality of andrographis paniculata than the origin. The contents of the 4 lactones the differ greatly in the different parts of andrographis paniculata, and the pH of the mobile phase is an important factor that influenced the robustness of the method.
Andrographis ; chemistry ; Chromatography, Liquid ; methods ; Diterpenes ; analysis ; Drug Stability ; Glucosides ; analysis ; Principal Component Analysis ; Tetrahydronaphthalenes ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo compare the contents of diterpenoid pigments among the fruit, seed, and pericarp from Gardenia jasminoides.

METHODThe separation of Crocin 1, Crocin 2, Crocin 3 were carried out simultaneously on a Kromasil C18 column at 35 degrees C with the methanol-acetonitrile-0.3% formic acid anhydrous in gradient elution as the mobile phrases. The detection wavelength was set at 440 nm and the flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1).

RESULTThe obtained linearity of the three components was better over 0.999 5 and the average recoveries were 97.50%, 98.76%, 97.67%, respectively. The results exhibited the remarkable variation among the different parts of the fruit.

CONCLUSIONThe contents of three constituents in seed were higher than in pericarp.

Carotenoids ; analysis ; Diterpenes ; analysis ; Fruit ; chemistry ; Gardenia ; chemistry ; Pigments, Biological ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo investigate the alkaloids from Aconitum handelianum.

METHODThe column chromatographic methods were employed for the isolation and purification of the chemical constituents. The structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods.

RESULTEight diterpenoid alkaloids were isolated and identified as acoforine (1), acoforestinine (2), 14-O-acetylsachaconitine (3), vilmorrianine C (4), vilmorrianine D (5), talatizamine (6), chasmanine (7) and yunaconitine (8).

CONCLUSIONAll compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Aconitum ; chemistry ; Alkaloids ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Diterpenes ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; isolation & purification

In order to study the correlation between the traits of Andrographis paniculata. The main agronomic traits and the content of four kinds of diterpene lactons were measured by the seedlings and the unmutagenized seeds carried by the spacecraft,and multiple comparisons,correlations and principal component analysis were carried out. The results showed that the agronomic traits of A. paniculata have different degrees of difference after being carried by space. The contents of diterpene lactones were quite different. The variation coefficients of deoxyandrographolide content,fresh weight,leaf dry weight,dehydrated andrographolide content,dry weight,neoandrographolide content and andrographolide content were all over 35%. There was a significant correlation between multiple traits,and the leaf weight ratio was significantly positively correlated with the number of primary tillers,leaf dry weight and dry weight,and was significantly negatively correlated with the content of deoxyandrographolide. Andrographolide content was a significantly negatively correlated with the number of leaves and the number of primary tillers,and positively correlated with the other three lactones. Five principal components were extracted from principal component analysis,and the cumulative contribution rate was 83. 127%,which were yield factor,plant type factor,leaf type factor,component factor and seed weight factor. Among the traits affecting the quality of A. paniculata,the yield factor for reliability of the selection of A. paniculata is higher than other factors. There are abundant variations among the traits of A. paniculata,carried in space which increase the genetic diversity. The principal component analysis method can be used to select the principal component factors according to the breeding requirements,which provides a theoretical basis for the breeding of high-yield and high-quality A. paniculata and the high-yield and stable cultivation of A. paniculata.
Andrographis ; chemistry ; Diterpenes ; analysis ; Lactones ; analysis ; Phytochemicals ; analysis ; Plant Leaves ; Reproducibility of Results

Tanshinone II A, which was known unique to the salvia, was separated and purified by silica gel column chromatography and recrystallisation from an ethyl acetate-soluble portion (the anti-inflammatory active portion) of ethanol extract of Periploca forrestii. The diterpenoid quinone was obtained from the Periploca for the first time.
Diterpenes ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Periploca ; chemistry ; Quinones ; analysis ; isolation & purification

The chemical constituents of Taxus chinensis var. mairei cell cultures were investigated by chromatographic methods, including silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 and preparative HPLC. Thirteen compounds were isolated from the 80% ethanol extract of cultured cells and their structures were elucidated by spectral data and physicochemical properties, which were identified as 2α,4α,7β,9α,10β-pentaacetoxy-14β-hydroxytax-11-ene (1), 2α,4α,7β,9α,10β-pentaacetoxytax-11-ene (2), 1β-deoxybaccatin VI (3), 2α-acetoxytaxusin (4), taxuyunnanine C (5), yunnanxane (6), 2α,5α,10β-triacetoxy-14β-propionyloxy-4 (20), 11-taxadiene (7), 2α,5α,10β-triacetoxy-14β-isobutyryloxy-4 (20), 11-taxadiene (8), 2α,5α,10β-triacetoxy-14β-(2'-methyl)butyryloxy-4 (20), 11-taxadiene (9), 13-dehydroxylbaccatin III (10), 13-dehydroxy-10-deacetylbaccatin III (11), paclitaxel (12) and (13) β-sitosterol. Among them, compound 1 is a new compound, and compounds 2, 4, 10 and 11 are isolated from the cell culture of Taxus chinensis var. mairei for the first time.
Alkenes ; analysis ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Cells, Cultured ; Diterpenes ; analysis ; Molecular Structure ; Paclitaxel ; analysis ; Sitosterols ; analysis ; Taxoids ; analysis ; Taxus ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo establish a method for the determination of andrographolide bulk drug by HPLC.

METHODThe condition of HPLC was Diamonsil C18 (2) column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) with methanol-water (60:40) as a mobile phase. The flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1) and the detection wavelength was 235 nm.

RESULTThe standard curve was linear in the range of 0.5-5.0 microg and the correlation coefficient was 1.000. The average recoveries of the low, middle and high concentrations were 99.1%, 99.5% and 100.8%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe method is simple, precise and accurate, and it can be used for the quality control of andrographolide bulk drug.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Diterpenes ; analysis ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Reproducibility of Results

OBJECTIVETo optimize the method in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia for determining Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma.

METHODTanshinone II(A) and salvianolic acid B were selected as the index in optimization of the sample preparation method of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma in Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Orthogonal test was used to optimize the extraction process of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, and concentration of contents were detected by high performance liquid chromatography method. A detection of using methanol-water (85: 15) at wavelength of 270 nm was employed for tanshinone II(A) and a detection of using methanol-acetonitrile-formic acid-water (30:10:1: 59) at wavelength of 286 nm was employed for salvianolic acid B.

RESULTThe optimized extraction process of tanshinone II(A) and salvianolic acid B was: extracted by 90% methanol and reflux twice (0.5 h each time) at 75 degrees C, extracted by 70% methanol and reflux twice (1.5 h each time) at 75 degrees C, respectively.

CONCLUSIONOptimized extraction and determination methods could be used to reflect the content of tanshinone II(A) and salvianolic acid B in Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma more accurately and efficiently.

Benzofurans ; analysis ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Diterpenes, Abietane ; analysis ; Rhizome ; chemistry ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; chemistry ; Temperature