Child ; Cough ; chemically induced ; Disinfectants ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Irritants ; adverse effects ; Male

Although formaldehyde is well known to cause type 4 hypersensitivity, immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated hypersensitivity to formaldehyde is rare. Here, we report a case of recurrent generalized urticaria after endodontic treatment using a para-formaldehyde (PFA)-containing root canal sealant and present a review of previous studies describing cases of immediate hypersensitivity reactions to formaldehyde. A 50-year-old man visited our allergy clinic for recurrent generalized urticaria several hours after endodontic treatment. Prick tests to latex, lidocaine, and formaldehyde showed negative reactions. However, swelling and redness at the prick site continued for several days. The level of formaldehyde-specific IgE was high (class 4). Thus, the patient was deemed to have experienced an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction caused by the PFA used in the root canal disinfectant. Accordingly, we suggest that physicians should pay attention to type I hypersensitivity reactions to root canal disinfectants, even if the symptoms occur several hours after exposure.
Disinfectants/*adverse effects ; Formaldehyde/*adverse effects ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity, Immediate/*chemically induced ; Immunoglobulin E/*immunology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Recurrence ; Skin Tests ; Time Factors ; Urticaria/*chemically induced/diagnosis ; Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement/*chemistry

In an effort to characterize, on the molecular scale, the Acanthamoeba initially isolated from the cornea of an amoebic keratitis patient associated with overnight-wear orthokeratology lens in Korea, we conducted mitochondrial DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism, 18S rDNA sequencing, and drug sensitivity analyses on the isolate (KA/PE1). The patient was treated with polyhexamethylene biguanide, chlorhexidine and oral itraconazole, which resulted in resolution of the patient's ocular inflammation. The majority of the molecular characteristics of the KA/PE1 were determined to be identical, or quite similar, to those of A. castellanii Ma strain, which had been isolated also from amoebic keratitis. The risk of Acanthamoeba keratitis as a potential complication of overnight orthokeratology is briefly discussed.
*Sequence Analysis, DNA ; RNA, Ribosomal, 18S/genetics ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Parasitic Sensitivity Tests ; Myopia/therapy ; Itraconazole/administration & dosage ; Humans ; Female ; Disinfectants/administration & dosage ; DNA, Ribosomal/analysis ; DNA, Protozoan/analysis ; DNA, Mitochondrial/analysis ; Contact Lenses/*adverse effects ; Chlorhexidine/administration & dosage ; Biguanides/administration & dosage ; Astigmatism/therapy ; Antiprotozoal Agents/administration & dosage ; Animals ; Adolescent ; Acanthamoeba Keratitis/drug therapy/*parasitology ; Acanthamoeba/classification/*genetics/*isolation & purification