Objective The deformed nasal bone is commonly seen in clinical practice of plastic surgery, and up to now, there is still lack of systemic classification to direct clinical treatment. Attempt was made in this study to classify the deformed nasal bone and present their plastic surgery treatment. Methods According to the orientation of the nasal bone deviation, the nasal bone deformities were divided into seven types, including the depressed, deviated, combination of the depressed and deviated, convex, widened, shortened ones and others. Of the 78 cases with the deformed nasal bone, 52 cases were corrected by the bone osteotomy techniques, and 26 cases by augmentation rhinoplasty. Results The satisfactory repair outcomes were achieved in 48 nasal bone deformities of the 52 cases (92%), and then secondary procedures were performed in 4 cases for further improvements (8%). Augmentation rhinoplasty in 26 cases showed good results. Conclusions Those types of classification are relatively simple and comprehensive, which is conducive to clinical treatment. The nasal bone osteotomy is effective to repair the deformed nasal bone.

ObjectiveTo investigate the changes of lymph flow by microwave heating whichhad achieved an excellent result in the management of lymphedema of extremities. Methods26 caseswith lymphedema of the extremities had been evaluated by means of lymphoscintigraphy using 99mTc －Dextran and SPECT to examine the lymph flow speed and half－ time(T1/2)clearance of the injection siteas well as lymphatic images of the affected limbs before and after treatment. Results The averagelymph flow speed in the affected limbs was significantly lower than that of the contralateral normal limbswith 7.82cm/min and 10.41cm/min respectively before treatment, and they increased significantly from7.82 to 9.36cm/min after two courses of treatment; in contrary, T1/2 was higher in the lymphedema-tous limbs with an average value of 154.21 min in comparison with 91.55 min contralaterally, and de-creased significantly to 115.38 min after treatment. In addition, lymphatic image disturbances improvedmarkedly in 22/26 cases(84.6% ) after treatment, especially in the patients with infectious lymphede-ma, and showed no changes in two cases. ConclusionThe results demonstrated that there was evi-dent lymph flow stasis in lymphedematous limbs, based on the preliminary calculation of lymph flow in-dexes; microwave heating could promote the lymph flow in lymphedema of extremities.

Objective To examine the effectiveness of a gene transfer of rat glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor(GDNF)into Schwann cells Methods Rat GDNFcDNA was amplified from newly-born rat sciatic nerve by RT-PCR and ligated into the retroviral vector pLNCX-2 A fter being packaged by the amphotropic packaging cell line PT67,the viral supernatants from these anti-clonal producing lines were titred on fibroblast N IH3T3 The highest tire recombinant retrovirus was used to infect deviding populations of newly-born rat SCs The level of GDNF mRNA in GDNF-SCs and normal SCs was tested by RT-PCR The GDNF protein in genetically modified SCs and normal SCs was assayed by immunocytochemistry The amounts of GDNF in conditioned medium of GDNF-SCs in different phrase and normal SCs were detected by enzyme-linked immunoassay sensitive assay Biological activity of the secreted GDNF was tested using motoneuron bioassay by MTT method Results (1)The GDNF cDNA band of GDNF-SCs was more prominent than that of SCs (2)Cells in both groups were immunohistochemically positive for GDNF expression Staining for GDNF was more prominent in the Scs infected with pLNCX2-GDNF (3)The rate of GDNF secreted by GDNF-Scs was 5 1-fold compared with normal SCs (4)The bioassay comfirmed that the secreted GDNF from GDNF-Scs was biologically active,and more motoneurons survived than normal SCs group Conclusion With the help of retrovirus,GDNF gene can be transferred and stably expressed in SCs,and it′s may be a better way to graft SCs promoing regeneration of PNS injuries.

Objective To investigate the aesthetic relations and internal regularities in normal craniofacial stereoscopic architecture. Methods By means of computer aided three dimensional measurement and analysis, a study on morphological features and inter relations of the cranio orbitozygomatic maxilla structures of twenty youths with pretty facial appearance was carried out. Results There were remarkable differences between each craniofacial structure in different sexes, but the ratio indices that represented the inter-relations of different craniofacial structures were closely similar in both sexes. In the group of youths the asymmetry ratios between bilateral craniofacial structures were below 5 % , presenting the perfect symmetry feature. The asymmetry ratios and their standard deviations of the zygomas and angulus mandibulae were relatively large . The results suggested that these two characteristic parts which influence the whole appearance were easily changeable with different individuals. There were close co relations between coronal axis width and sagittal axis protrusion in main structures of craniofacial region. These relationships could sum up in linear regression equations. Conclusion There are internal aesthetic regularities of coordinative ratios and harmonious symmetry in normal three dimensional craniofacial architecture, which determines the pretty appearance of youths. These internal regularities and aesthetic principles should be considered in designing and performing craniofacial aesthetic plastic operation so as to get excellent surgical results.

AIM: To study whether caspase-3,8 is activated during azurin-induced apoptosis in U2OS cells. METHODS: AnnexinV /PI method was used to detect apoptosis. The changes of procaspase-3 were analyzed by Western blot, the changes of caspase-3 mRNA were detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR, and caspase-3 relative activity was determined by colorimetric assay. RESULTS: After U2OS cells were treated with 0, 25, 50, 100, 200, 500 mg/L azurin for 24 h, respectively, the level of procaspase-3 protein decreased and the level of caspase-3 mRNA increased as azurin concentration increased. When the cells were treated with 100 mg/L azurin for 6, 12, 24, 48 h , respectively, the caspase-3 activity began to rise from 6 h,reached the peak at 24 h,and was still higher than the control group at 48 h ( P

Objective To screen possible factors affecting prognosis of chondrosarcoma.Methods A total of 37 patients with chondrosarcoma,who had undergone surgical treatment from December 2005 to March 2008 in our hospital and had complete follow-up data and definitive pathological diagnosis,were enrolled in this retrospective study.There were 16 males and 21 females,ageing from eleven to eighty-four years (average,42.8 years).The univariate analysis of survival rate was performed with Kaplan-Meier method and tested with the Log-rank test.Chi-squared test or Fisher's exact test were used to analyze numeration data,and then the significant indexes after univariate analysis were performed multivariate analysis with COX regression model to screen the independent factors affecting prognosis.On the basis of literatures,8factors including gender,age,duration of disease,tumor site,Enneking stage,surgical approach,distant metastasis and local recurrence were analyzed.Results Statistical significance was found in Enneking stage,surgical approach and distant metastasis,which indicated that they were related to survival rate 3years after surgery.However,gender,age,duration of disease,tumor site,and local recurrence had no significant correlation with prognosis.After multivariate analysis of Enneking stage,surgical approach,distant metastasis,the results showed that Enneking stage and surgical procedure were the independent prognostic factors,while distant metastasis was not an independent prognostic factor.Conclusion Enneking stage and surgical approach are the independent prognostic factors for chondrosarcoma,which can be used to evaluate prognosis of chondrosarcoma.

Objective To solve the problem of castration resistant prostate cancer (castrationresistant prostate cancer,CRPC) the problem of drug resistance by studing the expression of the CUDC-101 inhibitor of castration resistant prostate cancer androgen receptor splice variant 7.Methods In this study,the expression of AR-V7 protein in prostate cancer cell lines PC-3,VCaP,22Rv1,LNCap was detected by imnmunoblotting between April 2015 and April 2016,and the highest expression level of cell lines was selected follow-up experiments.Through the cell proliferation and activity experiments,the epigenetic inhibitors:histone deacetylase inhibitor CUDC-101,histone methylation inhibitor DZNeP,DNA methylation inhibitor gemcitabine,histone acetyltransferase inhibitor MG149 to select an inhibitor that reduces the expression of AR-V7 protein in CRPC cells.22Rv1 cells were treated with 30 nmol and 300 nmol of CUDC101 and 1,10 and 20 μmol of Enzalutamide (MDV3100),respectively,and their inhibitory effects on the growth of 22Rv1 cells were examined.Results The results of immunoblotting showed that AR-V7 protein was only expressed in CRPC cell line 22Rv1 and negative in non-CRPC cell line.The expression of AR-V7 in 22Rv1 cells treated with CUDC-101 was significantly lower than that of negative control.While other inhibitors had no effect on the expression of AR-V7.In the cell proliferation and activity assay,the inhibitory rates of 30 nmol CUDC-101 and 1,10 and 20 μmol MDV3100 were 10％,35％ and 45％,respectively,higher than that of MDV3100 alone.28％ and 42％,the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).The inhibitory rates of 300 nmol CUDC-101 and MDV3100 were 30％,60％ and 65％,respectively,which were significantly higher than those of MDV3100 alone (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions CUDC-101 can inhibit the castration resistant prostate cancer androgen receptor splice variant 7 expression,and solved the resistance problem of CRPC.

Objective To observe the effect of MG-132 on NF-κB signal path of cartilage and synovium in a rat model of knee osteoarthritis.Methods The rat models of knee osteoarthritis were established by performing anterior cruciate ligament amputation and partial medial meniscectomy.Totally 144 adult SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:MG-132 group,100 ml 0.007 g/L MG-132 solution was injected in to the knee joints of rat model 24 h after surgery; DMSO group,100 ml 0.1％ DMSO solution was injected 24 h after surgery; sham surgery group,merely the knee capsulotomy was performed and no solution was injected;control group,100 ml 0.007 g/L MG-132 solution was injected into the knee joints.The cartilage and synovium specimens were obtained at 2,4,12 weeks postoperatively.Pathomorphological observation was taken.The levels of NF-κB p65,I-κB,TNF-α and IL-1β at mRNA were detected by real-time PCR,and the activityof 20S proteasome was measured by fluorospectrophotometry.Resnlts The Mankin score of MG-132 groupwas lower than that of DMSO group.The Mankin scores of sham surgery and control groups were lower thanthose of MG-132 and DMSO groups with significant difference.The mRNA levels of NF-κB p65,IL-1 β,TNF-α of cartilage and synovium in MG-132 group were lower than those of DMSO group with significant differenceexcept for NF-κB p65 of synovium at 2 weeks and IL-1β of cartilage at 12 weeks.The mRNA levels of I-κB of cartilage at 2 weeks and I-κB of synovium at 4 weeks in MG-132 group were higher than those in DMSO group with statistical significance.Conclusion MG-132,the proteasome inhibitor,could postpone the progress of osteoarthritis through alleviating synovial inflammation and defending the articular cartilage.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the value of application of recombinant human VEGF to accelerate flap viability in a rat model of non-ischemic prefabricated flap.

METHODSPrefabricated Flaps were created in 48 SD rats. An autologous tail artery loop was anastomosed to the femoral artery and vein, and implanted subcutaneously in the lower abdomen. Flaps were divided into four groups of 12 each. At the time of loop implantation, the control groups received 0.9% NaCl (Control 1) and 16% (V/W) polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution (Control 2). The treatment groups received VEGF in 0.9% NaCl (treatment 1) and VEGF in PVA (treatment 2). In each group, a 3 cm x 4 cm flap nurtured by the tail artery pedicle was elevated and resutured into place after 3, 4 and 5 weeks. The percentage of surviving skin of each flap was determined by planimetry 7 days after flap elevation.

RESULTSMean skin survival areas at 3, 4, and 5 weeks were 1%, 0%, 10% in control; 0%, 16%, 25% in control 2; 3.57%, 39.13%, 75.00% in treatment 1; 8.13%, 41.98%, 58.41% in treatment 2. VEGF significantly improved flap survival by 5 weeks (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThese results suggest VEGF can accelerate maturation of prefabricated flaps.

Animals ; Endothelial Growth Factors ; pharmacology ; Female ; Lymphokines ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Recombinant Proteins ; pharmacology ; Surgical Flaps ; physiology ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors

Objective To investigate the most appropriate surgical methods,different surgical modes of osmidrosis and their clinical effi-cacy were observed. Methods Clinical data was collected from 200 cases of axillary osmidrosis from January 2011 to July 2013. These cases were divided into four groups of the traditional group,minimally invasive group,RF pen-frequency electric cautery group and improved curet-tage group. Results The traditional group(80 cases) has an average healing period of 18. 7 days for operative incision including 78 cured cases(97. 5%)and 2 significant improved cases(2. 5%). The minimally invasive group(60 cases)has an average healing time of 8. 6 days, among which there are 3 cured cases(5%),8 significant improved cases(13. 3%),16 improved cases(26. 7%),4 cases(6. 7%)with weak curative effect and 29 failed cases(48. 3%). In the RF pen-frequency electric cautery group(30 cases),there are 5 significant improved ca-ses(16.7%),8improvedcases(26.7%)and17failedcases(56.6%).Theimprovedcurettagegroup(30cases)withanaverageincision healingtimeof9.8dayscontains28curedcases(93.3%)and2significantimprovedcases(6.7%). Conclusion Thetraditionalgroup shows the best curative effect,nevertheless the incision needs a considerably amount of time to recover. The patients under the treatment of minimally invasive surgery or RF pen-frequency electric cautery can recover in short time but recrudescence always occur. The improved cu-rettage method,which is effective and safe,combines the advantages of traditional surgery and minimally invasive surgery. However,large scar left from this method still remains as its major disadvantage but the overall curative effect is satisfactory. The improved curettage is proved to be the most appropriate method for axillary osmidrosis.