Rubella is an acute and contagious disease which is mainly characterized by fever, rash, and cervical lymphadenopathy. This contagious disease spreads easily through nasopharyngeal secretions, droplet or direct contact with patients. Meanwhile clinical features of scarlet fever include a sore throat, skin rash and strawberry tongue. A descriptive study was conducted to describe the epidemiological characteristic of diseases at a Training Camp in Mersing. Data obtained on demographic details, onset and time of fever and rash or contact with ill person 14 to 21 days prior to symptoms. Screening and interview conducted for all suspected cases of Rubella. 47.4% of the cases presented on 5th June 2012 followed by 15.8% on 11th June 2012 and 13.5% on 12th June 2012. Maculo papular rash was the predominant presenting symptom among students with acute infection in this outbreak (100%) followed by fever (36.8%). Measles specific IgM was not detected in the serum taken but rubella specific IgM was detected in 66.7% (6/19) of samples. 55% (11/20) were positive for ASOT. 4 trainees had Rubella and Scarlet Fever co-infection. It was found out that the outbreak occurred among 391 residents in the camp who shared common places for activities such as lecture, physical activity and meal. Rapid dissemination was due to overcrowded environment and close contact during common activities of the residents. Theoretically co-infection would be presented with severe clinical symptoms but not in this outbreak where all affected trainees only presented with mild fever and rashes.
Disease Outbreaks

No abstract available.
Disease Outbreaks

The clinical picture in severe cases of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza is markedly different from the disease pattern seen during the epidemics of seasonal influenza as many of those affected were previously healthy young people. Current predictions estimate that during a pandemic wave, 12~30% of the population will develop clinical influenza (compared with 5~15% for seasonal influenza) with 4% of those patients requiring hospital admissions and one in five requiring critical care. Until July 6, 94,512 people have been infected in 122 countries, of whom 429 have died with an overall case-fatality rate of <0.5%. Most of the confirmed cases of S-OIV (Swine- Origin Influenza A Virus) infection have been characterized by a self-limited, uncomplicated febrile respiratory illness and 38% of the cases have also included vomiting or diarrhea. Efforts to control these outbreaks are based on our understanding of novel S-OIV (Swine-Origin Influenza A Virus) and the previous influenza pandemics. So, this review covers the experience with S-OIV (Swine-Origin Influenza A Virus) for the admission and background data and the clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment of H1N1 in pediatric patient with S-OIV (Swine-Origin Influenza A Virus) at YUMC, 2009.
Critical Care ; Disease Outbreaks ; Humans ; Influenza, Human ; Pandemics ; Seasons ; Vomiting

An epidemiological investigation was carried out on a local cluster of outbreak caused by imported cases of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in rural areas of Chengdu in December 2020, to find out the source of infection and the chain of transmission. According to
COVID-19 ; Disease Outbreaks ; Epidemics ; Humans ; Quarantine ; SARS-CoV-2

The study showed some remarks on epidemiological characteristics and pathogens of an acute diarrhea outbreak. The outbreak including 25 patients without death occurred on some communes in Hanoi on May, 2004. V. cholerae 01 was isolated from 13/25 patients. Although it was not clear about the source of infection, the initial proof on bio-molecule showed that the outbreak occurred strain might have the same source with V. cholerae O1 isolated in 2000, 2002 and 2003 around Vietnam. In addition, the study also showed some comments and experiences on preventing outbreak
Epidemiology ; Diarrhea ; Disease Outbreaks

Although EPI have been implemented successfully during some years from 1989 to 2000, but from 1998 to 2000 measles outbreak had been occurred in Khanh Hoa province with following characteristics: Almost of cases were children with whom had not been injected measles vaccine only 9.9% of cases had been vaccinated. There was no difference in gender, a majority of cases were in age groups of 1-4 and 5-9. Erythema symptom was occurred in 80% of cases. Serological and isolated results of virus showed that, there were no significant different among gender, age group and injecting vaccine
Epidemiology ; Measles ; Disease Outbreaks

Over the past few years, malaria situation in Hue province, particularly in Nam Dong and Phu Loc districts, has been improved due to the effective malaria control measures. The number of malaria cases, complicated cases and deaths was obviously reduced. Malaria outbreaks were controlled. These results have exceed the expected targets. However, there is a risk of resurgence of malaria due to the unstable social and natural factors. According to the survey data in 2001-2004, malaria cases in two districts of Nam Dong and Phu Loc were annually reduced. In 2003-2004, no malaria in pregnant women and children under five years old was found in both of these districts. The imported malaria patients have been reduced but still remained (accounted for 46.34 % of the total malaria cases in Nam Dong and 100% in Phu Loc) and this may have bad effects on the stable malaria situation. In order to sustain the malaria control
Malaria ; Disease Outbreaks

Retrospective study on the epidemiology of 9 cholera outbreaks at Hai Phong city during 1976-1996 was carried out basing on some epidemiological characteristics of cholera outbreaks allowed providing the hypothesis of cholera at Hai Phong was imported. V.cholera O1 generated the Ogawa serum type in 1976, 1980 and 1981; Inaba serum type in 1983, 1986 and 1987; Ogawa serum type in 1994, 1995 and 1996. The incidence from 22 to 43/100.000 population and it was high in the first outbreaks. The rate of adults was higher (64%-87%) than that in children and old people.
Disease Outbreaks ; epidemiology

There were 89 patients, no death in an outbreak of cholera in Dong Thap province, which happened on January 1st 1999 and lasted for 2 months. The morbidity was 5,61/100.000 inhabitants with all ages; the disease occurred at districts, towns along the Cuu Long river. Local authorities had conducted measures for cholera prevention and control.
Cholera ; Disease Outbreaks

There was not cholera outbreak at Nghe An province during 1996-1999. The cholera outbreak happened from the end of August to the beginning of 9/2000 at 2 Thai minority hamlets of a mountainous commune, Tuong Duong district. There were 52 cases, 1 death of 75 years old, 29 males and 23 females, the disease occurred mainly in adults (92,3%). 3 samples of patients' faces were cultivated and isolated found Ogawa serum Vibrio cholera type vibrio. There were 10 preventive measures.
Cholera ; Disease Outbreaks