Disabled Persons/rehabilitation* ; Humans ; International Classification of Diseases ; International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health

Rehabilitation medicine is the medical specialty that integrates rehabilitation as its core therapeutic modality in disability management. More than a billion people worldwide are disabled, and the World Health Organization has developed the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health as a framework through which disability is addressed. Herein, we explore paradigm shifts in neurorehabilitation, with a focus on restoration, and provide overviews on developments in neuropharmacology, rehabilitation robotics, virtual reality, constraint-induced therapy and brain stimulation. We also discuss important issues in rehabilitation systems of care, including integrated care pathways, very early rehabilitation, early supported discharge and telerehabilitation. Finally, we highlight major new fields of rehabilitation such as spasticity management, frailty and geriatric rehabilitation, intensive care and cancer rehabilitation.
Disability Evaluation ; Disabled Persons ; classification ; rehabilitation ; Humans ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Rehabilitation ; methods ; standards ; trends ; World Health Organization

PURPOSE: This study examined the residential environment and accessibility of rehabilitation for cerebral palsy (CP) to identify the problems with residential laws pertaining to the disabled and provide basic data on the health legislation for the rights of the disabled. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The literature was searched using three keywords: residence, rehabilitation, and accessibility. Two items were selected: residential environment and rehabilitation accessibility. The questionnaire included 51 items; 24 were scored using a Likert scale and 27 were in the form of multiple-choice questions. RESULTS: This study included 100 subjects, of which 93 lived at home and seven lived in a facility. Of these 93 subjects, 65% were living in apartments, usually two or more floors above ground, and 40% of them were living without elevators. According to the Gross Motor Function Classification System, subjects with I to III belonged to the ambulatory group and IV, V were in the non-ambulatory group. Subjects from both groups who lived at home found it most difficult to visit the rehabilitation center by themselves. In contrast, among those who lived at the facility, the ambulatory group found it most difficult to leave the facility alone, while the non-ambulatory group found it most difficult to use the toilet alone. Moreover, 83% of respondents thought that rehabilitation was necessary for CP. On the other hand, 33% are receiving rehabilitation services. Rehabilitation was performed for an average of 3.6 sessions per week, 39 minutes per session. CONCLUSION: There is no law that ensures secure and convenient access of CP to higher levels. Laws on access routes to enter rooms are insufficient. The disabled people's law and the disabled person's health law will be implemented in December 2017. It is necessary to enact laws that actually reflect the difficulties of people with disabilities. Based on the results of this study, an investigation of the housing and rehabilitation of patients with CP through a large-scale questionnaire will necessary.
Cerebral Palsy ; Classification ; Disabled Persons ; Elevators and Escalators ; Hand ; Housing ; Humans ; Jurisprudence ; Legislation as Topic ; Rehabilitation Centers ; Rehabilitation ; Surveys and Questionnaires

BACKGROUND: Due to the increase in average life expectancy, the number of elderly people in the population has also increased and it is argued that this has led to a rise in chronic regression type diseases or dementia and related psychoneurological diseases, together with the growing occurrence of cognitive function disorders. However, it can be said that research in Korea towards systematic general function assessment or machinery for diagnosis is insufficient. Accordingly, the authors of this paper, investigated elderly people, both institutionalized and shill living in the community for their cognitive functions and their ability to carry out daily life skills. Afterwards, the early diagnosis of mental illness and rehabilitation management for elderly patients was put into operation for this research. METHODS: During October of 1997 a certain retirement home in Kyonggi-do and a public health centre in Seoul were visited and forty patients from the home, and forty-five patients from the health centre, all over 65 years of age, were the objects of tests for cognition functions using the mini-mental status examination -Korea(MMSE-K), Their ability to carry out activity of daily living was tested through the modified Ballhel index for measurement, comparison and analysis. RESULTS: The group from the institution had an average MMSE-K of 24.05 with no significant difference between gender, age and degree of education. The health centre group's MMSE-K of 26.16 was a higher ,score(p<0.05), by men and by at least elementary ,school education. If we look at different classifications, the institutionalized group included 13 people(32.5%) ar a normal level, 18 people (45.0%) with mildly impairments, 9 people(17.5%) had moderately impairments and no severly handicapped patients. Looking at the community elderly, 23 people(51.1%) were at a normal level, 19 people (42.2%) had middle impairments, 3 people(6.7%) had moderately impairments and there were no severly impairments. With the MBI, the institutionalized group had an average of 95.9 and the community group had an average of 98.62 so both ,scored highly(p<0.05). If the MBI of the two group's dependency is compared, 17 people(42.5%) of the institution's elderly were independent in activity of daily living, 17 people(42.5%) were minimal dependent and the remaining 6 people(15.%) were mild dependent. 30(66.7%) of the community elderly were independent in daily living activity, 14 people (31.1%) were mild dependent and 1 people(2.2%) war mild dependent. Even the elderly with normal cognitive functions had disorders with their daily living activity Therefore a sample of the patients have above average damaged cognitive functions and severe living activity disorders are being seen in both groups. CONCLUSION: Both the community and institutionalized elderly had resonable cognition and the institutionalized groups had especially high levels. It is now believed that there is a relation between this and the lack of suitable evaluation in Korea. Even if the daily living activity disorders were not severe, they were observed in both groups, so henceforth, if cognitive function tests were made with consideration given to age and gender, and activity of daily living tests were implemented efficiently, the overall health and well-being of the elderly, and therefore demands for medical treatment and social services, could be decided and put into operation.
Activities of Daily Living ; Aged* ; Classification ; Cognition ; Dementia ; Diagnosis ; Disabled Persons ; Early Diagnosis ; Education ; Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; Korea ; Life Expectancy ; Male ; Nursing Homes* ; Nursing* ; Public Health ; Rehabilitation ; Retirement ; Seoul ; Social Work

To examine the current state and social ramifications of disability evaluation in Japan, public data from Annual Reports on Health and Welfare 1998-1999 were investigated. All data were analyzed based on the classification of disabilities and the effects of age-appropriate welfare services, which have been developed through a half-century of legislative efforts to support disability evaluation. These data suggest that disability evaluation, while essentially affected by age and impairment factors at a minimum, was impacted more by the assistive environment for disabilities. The assistive environment was found to be closely linked with the welfare support system related to a global assessment in the field of community-based rehabilitation.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Community Health Services/economics ; *Disability Evaluation ; Disabled Persons/classification/rehabilitation ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Japan ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Social Support ; Social Welfare