PURPOSE: Kidney stones (nephrolithiasis) are a widespread disease. Thus, blocking stone formation and finding new therapeutic methods is an important area of study. Diosmin (a major component of the bile) is known to have antioxidant as well as renoprotective effects. The present investigation aimed to evaluate the effect of diosmin on renal tissue protection in rats with ethylene glycol-induced nephrolithiasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The rats were randomly divided into three groups. Group one (control) did not receive any treatments. In groups two and three, nephrolithiasis was induced by 2.5% (V/V) ethylene glycol + 2.5% (W/V) ammonium chloride (2 mL/d). The second and the third groups received distilled water or diosmin (80 mg/kg/d) by gavage for 21 days. RESULTS: Stereological estimation of the renal structures revealed that the average volume of calcium oxalate (CaOx) in the nephrolithiasis+diosmin rats was -63% less than in the rats with untreated nephrolithiasis (p<0.01). The volume of the glomeruli, proximal and distal convoluted tubules, Henle's loop, collecting ducts, and vessels was reduced -32% to 58% after the induction of nephrolithiasis (p<0.001). In the nephrolithiasis+diosmin rats, on average, -70% to 96% of the glomeruli, proximal convoluted tubules, Henle's loop collecting ducts, and vessels remained intact (p<0.01). Degeneration of the cortical tissue was 5-fold that of the medulla. In the nephrolithiasis+diosmin rats, degeneration in the renal cortical tissue and medulla was reduced -70% and 44%, respectively, compared with that in the untreated nephrolithiasis group (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Diosmin reduces CaOx deposition and the degeneration of glomeruli and tubules in a rat model of nephrolithiasis.
Ammonium Chloride ; Animals ; Calcium ; Calcium Oxalate ; Diosmin ; Ethylene Glycol ; Ethylenes ; Kidney Calculi ; Nephrolithiasis ; Rats ; Water

Fifty four patients who received closed hemorrhoidectomy were randomized into two parallel groups and treated with Venitol(R)(a micronized flavonoidic fraction containing diosmin 450 mg and hesperidin 50 mg) (group 1) or placebo (group 2). Venitol(R) was administered at the dosage of three toblets b.i.d. the first four days and two tablets b.i.d following three days. Postoperative analgesia and laxative prescription as well as hospital stay were same in two groups. Though there is no difference of symptoms at D1, improvement of symptoms of complications was greater in group 1 than in group 2 at D18. The clinical severity of postoperative spot-bleeding, pain and anal discharge diminished in both groups but to a greater extent in group 1 (P<0.005). There was no side-effects in using Venitol(R). In summary, Venitol(R) is effective in reducing complications after hemorrhoidectomy.
Analgesia ; Diosmin ; Hemorrhage ; Hemorrhoidectomy* ; Hesperidin ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Prescriptions ; Prospective Studies* ; Tablets

PURPOSE: Hepatopulmonary syndrome is an arterial oxygenation disorder brought about by advanced liver failure and pulmonary vascular dilatations. The reason why hypoxia develops in hepatopulmonary syndrome depends on the broadening of perialveolar capillary veins. Our study aims to investigate the effects of Flavanoid on hepatopulmonary syndrome through its inhibition of nitric oxide. METHODS: Three groups, each having 8 rats, were formed within the scope of our study. Group I (the control group) only received laparatomy, group II received choledoch ligation, and group III was administered Flavanoid (90% flavonoid diosmin, 10% flavonoid hesperidin) following choledoch ligation. The rats were administered Flavanoid at week two following choledoch ligation. The rats' livers and lungs were examined histopathologically following a five-week follow-up and the perialveolar vein diameters were measured. Arterial blood gases and biochemical parameters were evaluated. RESULTS: It was seen that fibrosis and oxidative damage in the liver with obstructive jaundice as well as hypoxia with pulmonary perialveolar vein sizes were significantly lower than the other group with cirrhosis formed through the administration of Flavanoid. CONCLUSION: We have concluded that Flavanoid administration might be useful in the treatment of hypoxia in hepatopulmonary syndrome and the delay of cirrhosis contraction.
Animals ; Anoxia ; Capillaries ; Contracts ; Dilatation ; Diosmin ; Fibrosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gases ; Hepatopulmonary Syndrome* ; Jaundice, Obstructive ; Ligation ; Liver ; Liver Failure ; Lung ; Oxygen ; Rats ; Veins

OBJECTIVETo establish a HPLC method for the determination of diosmin in Rats plasma and to study the pharmacokinetics of diosmin in Rats.

METHODRats were given diosmin with 3 doses as 225, 325, 425 mg x kg(-1). Blood samples were collected at different times after oral administration. The plasma concentration of diosmin was determined by HPLC, and the pharmacokinetics parameters were calculated by 3p97 program.

RESULTThe typical equation of diosmin in rats plasma was Y = 3.05 x 10(-3) C + 1.55 x 10(-3), the calibration curves of diosmin was linear in the range from 0.5-100 microg x mL(-1) (R =0. 996 4). The lowest concentration of diosmin in plasma was 0. 2 g x mL(-1). Its recoveries was more than 85%, and the interday and intraday precision, which was expressed as RSD, were all less than 15%. After 3 doses oral administration of diosmin in rats, the mean plasma concentration-time curves were found to fit one compartment model, and the main pharmacokinetics parameters were obtained.

CONCLUSIONIt is first time to establish the HPLC method to determine the concentration of diosmin in rats plasma, and the method described in this report has high sensitivity and selectivity, and it was suitable for pharmacokinetics studies of diosmin. The internal process of diosmin in rats is fit to one compartment model.

Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Area Under Curve ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Diosmin ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Female ; Male ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents from the seeds of Notopterygium franchetii.

METHODEthanol extracts of seeds N. franchetii were separated and purified by such methods as normal and reversed phase column chromatographies and thin-layer chromatography and structurally elucidated by MS and NMR evidences.

RESULTTwenty nine compounds were separated, they were isoimperatorin (1), [3-sitosterol (2), phellopterin (3), bergapten (4), N-tetra, hexa, octacosanoylanthranilic acid (5-7), daucosterol (8), oxypeucedanin hydrate (9), umbelliferone (10), demethylfuropinnarin (11), (2S, 3S, 4R, 8E)-2-[(2'R)- 2'-hydroxydoco, trico, tetraco, entaco, hexaco sanosylamino] -octadecene-1, 3, 4-triol (12-16), (-)-oxypeucedanin (17), diosmetin (18), bergaptol-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (19), nodakenin (20), 1'-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(2R, 3S)-3-hydroxynodakenetin (21), uracil (22), decuroside V (23), 8-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-5-hydroxypsoralen (24), 8-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-5-methoxylpsoralen (25), diosmin (26), alaschanioside C (27), kynurenic acid (28) and mannitol (29).

CONCLUSIONAll of these compounds were separated from the seeds of N. franchetii for the first time. Of them, 18, 22, 26 and 29 were firstly obtained from genus Notopterygium.

Apiaceae ; chemistry ; Chromatography, Thin Layer ; Coumarins ; chemistry ; Diosmin ; chemistry ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; Furocoumarins ; chemistry ; Glucosides ; chemistry ; Kynurenic Acid ; chemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Mannitol ; chemistry ; Methoxsalen ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; Seeds ; chemistry ; Sitosterols ; chemistry ; Uracil ; chemistry

OBJECTIVEThe present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of diosmin in diabetic neuropathy in type 2 diabetic rats.

METHODSType 2 diabetes was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg) and high-fat diet. Four weeks after the confirmation of diabetes, diabetic rats were treated with diosmin (50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) for next 4 weeks. Rats were evaluated for biochemical, behavioral and oxidative stress parameters. Eddy's hot plate and tail immersion test were performed on 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th and 10th weeks of experiment to assess thermal hyperalgesia and cold allodynia respectively. Further, the walking function test was performed for assessing the motor responses at the end of the treatment schedule.

RESULTSRats were fed with high-fat diet throughout the experiment schedule and administration of low-dose streptozotocin induced significant elevation in blood glucose level and insulin resistance which was confirmed by oral glucose tolerance test. Treatment with diosmin at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg significantly restored the reduced body weight, elevated blood sugar and lipid profiles. Further the dose-dependent improvement was observed in thermal hyperalgesia, cold allodynia and walking function in diabetic rats treated with diosmin. Elevated levels of malondialdehyde, and nitric oxide and decreased glutathione levels and superoxide dismutase activity in diabetic rats were restored significantly after the 4 weeks of diosmin treatment.

CONCLUSIONDiosmin has shown beneficial effect in preventing the progression of early diabetic neuropathy in rats.

Animals ; Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; Cholesterol ; metabolism ; Citrus ; chemistry ; Diabetic Neuropathies ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; prevention & control ; Diosmin ; administration & dosage ; Glutathione ; metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Plant Extracts ; administration & dosage ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley