Contamination with sanitary microorganisms from Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, Staphylococcaceae, Micrococcaceae and Bacillaceae families in flower bee pollen from Bulgaria after one-year vacuum-packed cold storage has been found. Dried flower bee pollens intended for human consumption were with high incidence rate of contamination with Pantoea sp. (P. agglomerans and P. agglomerans bgp6) (100%), Citrobacter freundii (47%), Proteus mirabilis (31.6%), Serratia odorifera (15.8%) and Proteus vulgaris (5.3%). Bee pollens were also positive for the culture of microorganisms from Staphylococcaceae, Micrococcaceae and Bacillaceae families: Staphylococcus hominis subsp hominis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Arthrobacter globiformis, Bacillus pumilis, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. It was concluded that, if consumed directly, the vacuum-packed cold stored dried bee pollen, harvested according hygienic requirements from bee hives in industrial pollution-free areas without intensive crop production, is not problem for healthy human.
Arthrobacter ; Bacillaceae ; Bacillus ; Bacillus subtilis ; Bees* ; Bulgaria ; Citrobacter freundii ; Crop Production ; Enterobacteriaceae ; Flowers* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Micrococcaceae ; Pantoea ; Pollen* ; Proteus mirabilis ; Proteus vulgaris ; Pseudomonadaceae ; Serratia ; Staphylococcaceae ; Staphylococcus epidermidis ; Staphylococcus hominis ; Urticaria ; Vacuum*

Multidrug resistant and methicilin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is involved in severe difficult to treat skin and soft tissue infections in humans. In the present study the antibacterial reduction effect of royal jelly (RJ), rape honey (RH), as well as in combination (RJ:RH, 1:100 w/w) against multidrug resistant MRSA strains was evaluated by means of a microbiological method "in vitro". Royal jelly and rape honey mixture possessed a higher antibacterial activity than rape honey. The concentrations of royal jelly (20 and 30% v/v) had a total inhibitory effect against tested MRSA strains. Royal jelly alone and in rape honey mix (RJ:RH, 1:100 w/w) have a potential as alternative therapeutics against MRSA strains, resistant for antibiotics.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Honey* ; Humans ; Methicillin Resistance* ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus* ; Rape* ; Skin ; Soft Tissue Infections ; Staphylococcus aureus