Within 2 years ago, 10,75% of population had acquired any disease. Most common disease are bronchitis and intestinal tract diseases. 24,20% of patients access to the communal health station, among them 73,8% are satisfied with the services. Some proposed were recommended to improve quality of health services
epidemiology ; Health Services ; bronchitis ; Gastrointestinal Tract

Background: in head trauma, increased intracranial pressure and cerebral edema are the main factors causing death. One of the most effectiveness anti-cerebral edema measures is to ensure ventilation, mechanical ventilation is best. But in practical conditions of Vietnam, with a very large number of patients, number of ventilator is insufficient for patients, so tracheostomy is a relatively simple method but has saved the lives of many patients. Objectives: to assess the situation of respiratory tract infections in patients with tracheostomy due to head trauma; to study the common bacterial species and antibiotic response in the treatment of these infections. Subjectives and Method: a prospective descriptive study on all patients with head trauma had been tracheostomy, treated and monitored at department of neurosurgery, Viet Duc Hospital from November 25, 2005 to April 25 in 2006. Results: 80% of patients infected with multiple bacteria. The rate of respiratory infection after 3 days of tracheostomy was 90%. The common bacterial species were gram (-) (82.58%), highest P.aeruginosa (34.04%), followed by other intestinal Gram (-). The species of Gram (+) only accounted for 17.02%, including staphylococcus (6.38%). Results of Antibiotics Sensitivity Test showed that 2nd regimen (Augmentin + aerosol including: ampicinllin and Nebule) was effective treatment. Conclussions: the ability of bacterial infecting to respiratory tract was very soon. The rate of respiratory infection after 3 days of tracheostomy was very high. The common bacterial species were gram (-). Antibiotic combination was high effective regimen.
Respiratory Tract Infections ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Tracheostomy ;

Background: Recently, microplate almar blue assay has been used commonly in detecting gen related to tuberculosis drug resistance, which provides results after 5-7 days with lower cost compared to traditional methods. Objective: To evaluate the application of microplate almar blue assay for rapid detection of drug resistance of M. tuberculosis strains. Subject and Method: A microplate-based assay which uses Alamar blue reagent - an oxidation reduction dye (MABA), was used for the determination of the anti-tuberculosis drug (isoniazid-INH, rifampicine-RIF, streptomycine-STR and ethabuton=EMB) resistance of 96 M. tuberculosis strains isolated from Vietnamese patients in comparison to those obtained by conversional method. Result: MABA showed to have high sensitivity and specificity in testing the sensitivity to individual anti-tuberculosis drugs (from 82.4% for STR to 93.3% for - INH and from 82.5% for EMB to 98.4% for STR; respectively), as well as for the multi-drug resistant M.tuberculosis (86.4% of sensitivity), highly correlated with the result determined by proportion method. Conclusion: MABA reveals the advantage in shortening test time, in simple performance and lower cost compared with the conversional culture based methods.
Microplate almar blue assay ; M. tuberculosis ; drug resistance

Background: With the development of HIV/AIDS pandemic in community, amount of HIV/AIDS people more and more increase in prison. Objectives: Determine the rate of HIV/AIDS infection of prisoners at Binh Dien prison. Learning about related elements to HIV/AIDS infection. Subjects and method: Prisoners at Binh Dien prison. Method: 492 prisoners were chosen, interviewed directly and taken blood samples to HIV test. Using cross-sectional study on accidental samples. Techniques were used in this study: SERODIA-HIV and ELISA technique. Results: The rate of current HIV/AIDS infections was 21,74%, some HIV/AIDS related factors in the prison included sex, religion, income source, marrital status, common knowledge of HIV/AIDS, drug addiction history, needle sharing, sexually transmitted disease history, body tatoos and forskin inserted with metal balls, alcohol and beer drinking history, some factors such as: age and educational level were not associated with HIV/AIDS infection in prison. Conclusion: Strengthen interventional activities in prison to prevent HIV/AIDS spread between prisoners. To prisoners who were not infected HIV/AIDS: strengthen educational communication to they may prevent themselves from HIV/AIDS infection behaviors. To HIV/AIDS prisoners: Need to educate and consult especially to they have right behaviors, prevent HIV/AIDS spread for the others while they were in prison as well as they return to society.
HIV Infections/ blood ; complications ; epidemiology ;