Objective: To investigate the prevalence of anxiety and depression among inpatients with AIDS and its influencing factors, so as to provide the evidence for improving the psychological health among inpatients with AIDS. Methods: The inpatients with AIDS that were hospitalized in an infectious disease hospital in Chengdu City were recruited using the convenient sampling method. The demographic features, depression and anxiety were collected using a self-designed questionnaire, Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-rating Depression Scale ( SDS ), respectively, and factors affecting the development of depression and anxiety were identified using a multivariable linear regression model among inpatients with AIDS. Results: The 228 AIDS inpatients included 186 men (81.58%) and 42 women ( 18.42% ), and had a mean age of ( 48.04±16.03 ) years. There were 113 inpatients ( 49.56% ) with a CD4+T cell count of ≤200 cells/μL, and the mean SAS and SDS standardized scores were 35.87±8.01 and 42.07±11.08 among AIDS inpatients, which were both significantly greater than in normal populations ( P<0.05 ). The prevalence rates of anxiety, depression, and comorbid anxiety and depression were 5.26%, 16.23% and 4.82% among the participants, respectively. Multivariable linear regression analysis identified unemployment as a risk factor of anxiety ( β'=0.168, P<0.05 ), and CD4+T cell count as a risk factor of anxiety ( β'=-0.151, P<0.05 ) and depression ( β'=-0.238, P<0.05 ) among inpatients with AIDS. Conclusions Anxiety and depression are prevalent among inpatients with AIDS. Unemployment and a low CD4+T cell count may cause a rise in the risk of developing anxiety and depression among inpatients with AIDS.