[Objective]To discuss the effective method of idiopathic scoliosis and evaluate the result of screw-rod and screw-hook-rod system.[Method]From January 2000 to January 2004,85 cases with idiopathic scoliosis were treated by CD-Horizon instrument.Fifty-one cases were corrected with pedicle screws system only(group A),34 cases were applicated with pedicle hooks or vertebral plate hooks in thoracic vertebra,while with pedicle screws system in lumbar vertebrae(group B).The Cobb's angle of coronal plane and sagittal plane and horizontal plane malformation were compared in preoperative score,postoperative score and the score at 2 years follow-up.[Result]The mean followed-up duration of 85 cases was three years and a half.The coronal plane and sagittal plane correction rate of group A was higher than that of group B at postoperative and 2-year follow-up(P0.05).[Conclusion]Using CD-Horizon instrument is a very effective choice for patients with idiopathic scoliosis.Pedicle screw-rod system offers a significantly better curve correction compared with screw-hook-rod system.

Objective To study the effects and techniques of microsurgical resection of giant hypervascular meningiomas. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on clinical data of 32 cases of giant hypervascular meningiomas in this hospital from June 1999 to June 2002. Results The Simpson Grade 1 resection was achieved in 15 cases, Grade 2 in 9 cases, Grade 3 in 6 cases, and Grade 4, 2 cases. There were 2 fatal cases. Complications included 4 cases of intracranial hematoma, 6 cases of cerebral edema and infarction (re-operation of decompression was required in 4 cases), 1 case of mutism, 3 cases of cerebrospinal fluid leakage, and 1 case of intracranial infection. The mental dysfunctions or symptoms became worse than before the operation in 7 cases. Follow-up checkups in 30 patients found no recurrence in Simpson Grade 1 resection, 4 cases of recurrence in Simpson Grade 2 resection, and 5 cases of recurrence in Grade 3 and 4. A re-operation was performed to remove the tumor in 6 cases. The size of tumor was unchanged during follow-up period in 7 cases undergoing radiotherapy. Postoperatively, assessments with activity of daily living (ADL) associated with mental dysfunctions revealed grade Ⅰ in 25 cases, grade Ⅱ in 5 cases, and grade Ⅲ in 2. No significant differences were seen in ADL assessments before and after operation (P=0.696). Conclusions Every effort should be made to complete the total resection of intracranial meningiomas. Sufficient preoperative preparation, adequate surgical exposure, efficient management of operative bleeding, and fractionated resection of tumor using microsurgical techniques are important factors to improve clinical outcomes.

Objective To retrospectively evaluate the safety and efficacy of osteotomy for progressive congenital scoliosis combined with split spinal cord malformation (SSCM).Methods Data of 31 patients,who had undergone osteotomy for progressive congenital scoliosis combined with SSCM from May 2008 to May 2011 in our hospital,were retrospectively analyzed.Twenty-nine patients were followed up successfully,including 11 males and 18 females,aged from 6 to 26 years (average,13 years).Seven patients had tethered cord syndrome (TCS) with progressive neurologic deterioration.Hemivertebrae resection was performed in 7 patients,pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO) in 16,and vertebral column resection (VCR) in 6; posterior fusion surgery was performed in all patients after the correction was obtained.Results Twenty-nine patients were followed up for 8 to 24 months (average,18 months).The coronal Cobb angle ranged from 15° to 40°(average,24.4°±18.6°) immediately after operation,with an average correction rate of 63.3％.The coronal apical vertebral translation ranged from 0 to 50 mm (average,21.1±19.2 mm) immediately after operation,with an average correction rate of 59.5％.The coronal thoracic trunk shift ranged from 0 to 28 mm (average,5.5±10.5 mm) immediately after operation,with an average correction rate of 55.0％.There were significant differences between pre-and post-operative coronal Cobb angle,coronal apical vertebral translation and coronal thoracic trunk shift.There was no permanent neurological deterioration in all patients.Pedicle screw break occurred in 4 patients,without permanent neurological compromise.Among 7 patients with TCS,muscle strength was improved in 3 patients,and urination control was improved in 1 patient.Conclusion The osteotomy for congenital scoliosis combined with SSCM is a satisfactory method,which can effectively improve the spinal deformity without significant complications.For patients with TCS,this method also can improve the restoration of neurosurgical function.However,additional large multicenter studies are necessary to further assess the safety and efficacy.

Objective To discuss the surgical effect of adult lipomatous tethered cord syndrome (TCS). Methods The clinical data of 29 patients with adult lipomatous TCS were systematically analyzed. Eleven of male and 18 of female,who ranged from 20 to 59 years. All patients were performed filum terminale release and lipoma excision, the clinical outcome after operation was analyzed according to Hoffman grading criteria and visual analog scale (VAS). Results According to Hoffman grading criteria, 9 cases were obviously improved in leg muscle weakness, including 1 case with urination disturbance improved significantly. Also the lower back pain of patients were improved obviously: (2.63 ± 1.30) scores vs. (8.67±0.30) scores, there was significant difference (P<0.05). Conclusions Filum terminale release and lipoma excision can effectively improve the symptom of lower back pain of adult lipomatous TCS patients, meanwhile the symptom of paraparesis can improve appropriate postoperatively. But urinary deficits do not show a significant change.

Objective To determine the relation between the graduation and type of Modic change and low back pain. Methods Ninety-seven patients with low back pain associated with Modic change were enrolled, and the data of clinical were analyzed. The degree of back pain was evaluated by visual analog score (VAS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI). The relation between Modic change and the degree of low back pain was evaluated. Results In 97 patients, the type of Modic change:28 cases (28.9%) were type Ⅰ, 37 cases (38.1%) were type Ⅱ, 11 cases (11.3%) were Ⅱ/Ⅲ, and 21 cases (21.6%) were type Ⅲ. The graduation of Modic change:39 cases (40.2%) were minimal, 34 cases (35.1%) were moderate, and 24 cases (24.7%) were severe. The VAS of type Ⅰ, type Ⅱ, typeⅡ/Ⅲand typeⅢin patients with Modic change were (3.8 ± 0.4), (2.6 ± 0.2), (1.7 ± 0.5) and (1.0 ± 0.6) scores, and there were statistical differences (P<0.05). The ODI scores of type Ⅰ, type Ⅱ, type Ⅱ/Ⅲ and type Ⅲ in patients with Modic change were (11.8 ± 0.7), (8.4 ± 1.1), (5.7 ± 1.3) and (2.0 ± 1.0) scores, and there were statistical differences (P<0.05). Spearman correlation analysis result showed that the type of Modic change was negatively correlated with the intensity of low back pain (r=-0.342, P<0.01). There were no statistical difference in VAS and ODI score among the patients with minimal, moderate and severe of Modic change (P>0.05). Spearman correlation analysis result showed that the graduation of Modic change had no correlation with the intensity of low back pain (r = 0.351, P>0.05). Conclusions The graduation of Modic change does not directly correlate with the low back pain, but the type of Modic lesion is more important.

Objective To study a repair method for injury of inferior vena cava(IVC).Methods The clinical data of 12cases with inferior vena cava injury were analyzed retrospectively.Results Nine cases were due to blunt trauma and 3 penetrating injury.All cases were in shock at the time of admission and were diagnosed as injury of abdominal organs,but none were diagnosed as injury of inferior vena cava.All 12 cases underwent operative treatment.Five cases were treated by suture of the rupture of IVC successfully,and 2 cases were treated by suture of liver after omental packing the ruptur of IVC,and other 5 cases were treated by gauze packing.Postoperative complications occurred in7 cases(58.3%) and 3 cases(25.0%) died.Among them,1 case died of massive hemorrhage during operation,in 5 cases who were treated by gauze packing and 2 died.Conclusions It is difficult to deal with injury of inferior vena cava,mortality is high and gauze packing together with modified normothermic hepatic vascular exclusion gives good results and merits widespread application.

Objective To investigate the application effect of zoledronic acid on PKP after osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. Methods According to different treatment methods, 80 cases of patients from January 2015 to January 2017 in Xi'an City, Hong hui Red Cross hospital diagnosis and treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures parallel PKP were divided into two groups. The patients in the control group were not treated with zoledronic acid, and the patients in the observation group were treated with zoledronic acid.The treatment effect and adverse reaction rate were compared between two groups. Results The treatment effect of the observation group was better than that of the control group, and the improvement of the clinical symptoms of the observation group was better than that of the control group, and the incidence of adverse reactions was lower than that of the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion The effect of zoledronic acid treatment on osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures after PKP is remarkable, which can effectively improve the patients' clinical symptoms, less adverse reactions, is widely used in clinical osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures after PKP holds.

Objective To study the imaging characteristics of vesical leukoplakia under the cys-toscope imaging system. Methods The characteristics of vesical leukoplakia were observed under the cystoscope imaging system in 556 cases. After anti-infection treatment to these patients, the chan-ges of the characteristic under the cystoseope imaging system were re-observed and compared before and after treatment. SPSS 11.0 software package x2 teat for statistical analysis was used. Results Under the cystoscope imaging system, there were four different imaging manifestations in the 556 pa-tients. These were, from mild to severe, congestive type in 42 cases, spots type in 56 cases, thin macular type in 399 cases and thick macular type in 59 cases. One type could transform to another af-ter anti-infection treatment. When reexamination by the cystoscope, 131 cases got improved, 304 cases had no changes and 121 cases were aggravated. Statistical analysis showed the transformation among the 4 types had significant difference (x2 = 130.92, v=6, P<0.001). From congestive type to spots type, thin macular type and thick macular type, after anti-infection treatment, the ratio of improved cases decreased gradually, however the ratio of aggravated cases and cases without changes increased gradually. Conclusion Vesical leukoplakia could be classified into 4 types initially: congestive type,spots type, thin macular type, thick macular type. The different clinical treatments should be provid-ed.

BACKGROUND:Animal studies have shown that cauda equina compression can induce apoptosis of lumbosacral spinal cord anterior horn motor neurons.
OBJECTIVE:To explore the pathological change in lumbosacral spinal cord after acute cauda equina compression in dogs.
METHODS:A total of 27 dogs were randomly divided into nine groups, with three dogs in each group. There were one normal control group, seven experimental groups and one sham surgery group. In the experimental group, an empty water sac was implanted above epidural fat below L6 vertebral plate. Compression was given by injecting water at 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 168 hours. In the sham surgery group, an empty water sac was implanted, but compression was not given. At the time of compression, the spinal cord sent out by cauda equina nerve and adjacent to the head end was subjected to histopathological examination.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Results of light microscope:at 4-48 hours of compression, spinal cord anterior horn motor neurons did not alter. At 72 hours, motor neurons became smal , cel membrane shrank and separated from surrounding tissues. Cel s were homogenous and darkly stained. At 168 hours, motor neurons disappeared, but spinal cord sections of the adjacent head end did not shown abnormal motor neurons in the spinal cord anterior horn. (2) Results of electron microscope:at 12 hours, spinal cord tissue began to swel , and the swel ing aggravated with prolonged time of compression. The swel ing of glial cel s was apparent. At 168 hours, myelin sheath structure dissolved;axons showed vacuolization;axoplasm spil ed, and exhibited inflammatory injury-like changes. (3) Apoptotic results of spinal cord anterior horn motor neurons:apoptosis appeared at 12 hours of compression, became increased, and showed an increased trend at 168 hours.

Objective The aim of the experiment is to make an intracranial aneurysm model in canine.Methods A digital tube was made based on raw magnetic resonance images of the human intracraaial carotid artery.Then 6 tubes were made in the 3 D rapid prototyping machine and coated with silicone.Finally we isolated the common carotid arteries of 6 canines and made them go through the tubes and anastomosed them end-to-side to get the aneurysm model.Six stents were implanted after one week.Results Six aneurysm models were successfully made in canines.The parent artery had similar geometrv of the human carotid siphon.All the aneurysms and parent arteries were patent in one week's follow-up.One canine died of excessive anesthesia after stentingr Two vaseular models kept patent in one month without stenosis.The other 3 had some stenosis on the bends of the vessel.Conclusions The aneurysm model in tIle experiment has high flexibility and reliability.The model provides an effective tool for research and testing neurovascular devices.It's also a useful device to train the neuroradiologists and interventional physicians.