Despite of great strides already made,China is still lagging behind Western countries in terms of scientific innovation,which is not parallel with China's economic achievement. Here I would like to summarize my experience in 30-year science research from the following two aspects:one is the motivation and source of innovation and the other is the value and implication of innovation. I will mainly focus on the relation of innovation with accidental discovery,reversed thought,long term accumulation,and challenge of the authorities. I will also discuss the great role of innovation in developing new theories,guiding medical practice,and dealing with emergencies.

This article is based on the author's experience as the Associate Editor-in-Chief of 2 SCI-indexed journals and the invited reviewer for more than 10 international journals. Furthermore, the author has also published more than 75 original articles in SCI-indexed journals. This article summarizes the principles involved in preparing an original manuscript and choosing a suitable journal to submit. In addition, the detrimental effects of the increasing ethical misconducts (such as fabrication, falsification, plagiarism, duplicate submissions and publications) on the integrity of scientific publishing are pointed out and condemned.

It is well known that the arterial baroreflex(ABR)plays a key role in the regulation of heart rate and stabilization of blood pressure.Currently,it appears that ABR dysfunction is involved in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease states.Since the mid-1990s,a number of studies have been carried out in our laboratory to explore the pathological significance of ABR function in cardiovascular damage.This minireview summarizes our research work on the topic of ABR and left ventricular hypertrophy(LVH).On the basis of discussion concerning the importance of ABR dysfunction in hypertensive LVH and sinoaortic denervation-induced LVH,we advance a new strategy for reversal of LVH,that is,restoration of impaired ABR function.We tested this hypothesis in animal models with ABR deficiency.It was found that improvement of impaird ABR function with long-term treatment of ketanserin or candesartan was accompanied by reversal of LVH.The preliminary results indicate that it is feasible to target ABR for treatment of LVH.

Objective: To determine the effect of K ATP on the reduction of blood pressure variability (BPV) caused by adenosine in conscious, freely moving sinoaortic denervated (SAD) rats. Methods: Using computerized analytic system of blood pressure (BP), five groups treated with adenosine, adenosine A 1 receptor agonist N 6 cyclopentyladenosine (CPA), A 2 receptor agonist 5′ N cyclopropyl carboxamido adenosine (CPCA), ATP sensitive K + channel (K ATP ) blocker glibenclamide, and CPCA with the K ATP blocked by glibenclamide in advance were used. BP, heart period (HP) and BPV were analyzed. Results: Both adenosine and CPCA significantly decreased BPV in SAD rats, but CPA had no influence on it. Glibenclamide markedly reduced BPV in SAD rats as well, furthermore, it might antagonize the effect of CPCA on BPV by blocking K ATP . Conclusion: K ATP plays an important role in the development of high BPV in SAD rats. [

Many studies, both retrospective and prospective, have shown that there is a circadian variation in acute cardiovascular events with a peak during the morning and a trough during the night since the mid 1980s. In addition to the morning peak, a secondary less prominent peak has been observed in the late afternoon in many studies. This circadian variation may well be at least partly linked to the known physiological circadian rhythms. Because the duration of the therapeutic effect of many drugs taken at the conventional time will have reached subtherapeutic levels at the time of waking and commencing activity the following morning, timing of medication is discussed to improve the protection of the patients with cardiovascular disease in the morning waking hours.

Objective:The m ain objective was to exam ine the role of haemodynamics in rat aortic and left ventricular hy- pertrophy produced by sinoaortic denervation(SAD) .Methods:Rats were examined at different times after SAD or sham op- eration(Sham) .Haem odynamics were recorded continuously in conscious unrestrained rats.The time course of haemodynam ic changes and cardiovascular hypertrophy was observed and linear regression analysis was performed to study the role of haemodynam ics in SAD- induced aortic and left ventricular hypertrophy.L ong- term mortality,water and food intake,and body weight were also determ ined after operation.Results:High mortality(40 % ) ,dram atic reduction of water and food intake,and weight loss occurred within1week after SAD.Chronic SAD rats exhibited a marked increase in blood pressure variability (BPV) ,with no change in the average level of blood pressure(BP) ,as compared with the Sham control rats.Increased BPV was higher at2 weeks(about threefold) than16 weeks(about twofold) after SAD.Aortic hypertrophy existed in all3kinds of exam ined rats:2 - ,10 - and16 - week SAD rats.L eft ventricular hypertrophy was found only in10 - and16 - week SAD rats. Both aortic hypertrophy and left ventricular hypertrophy were significantly and positively correlated with BPV,but not with BP level.Conclusion:Persistent high BPV following SAD can lead to aortic and left ventricular hypertrophy.The aorta is more sensitive to increased BPV than the heart

Objective:To investigate the correlation between arterial baroreceptor reflex (ABR) function and target organ dam age (TOD) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) .Methods:Twenty- four- hour blood pressure (SBP and DBP ) ,blood pressure variability (BPV ) ,heart rate (HR ) and HR variability (HRV ) were m easured in conscious, unrestrained SHR and Wistar- Kyoto (WKY ) rats.ABR function control of heart period (ABR- HP) and blood pressure (ABR- BP) were determined respectively.Hypertensive TOD was evaluated according to the scoring system.Results:SBP, DBP and their BPV were significantly increased in SHR compared with those of WKY rats.No difference of HR was found between the 2 strains,but HRV was significantly decreased in SHR when com pared with WKY rats.ABR- HP and ABR- BP of SHR were significantly decreased compared with those of WKY rats (P

AIM To investigate the changes of vascular systiolic/relaxant function in sino-aortic denervated rats. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were underwent sino-aortic denervation (SAD). The sinoaortic denervated (SAD) rats were adopted as a model of arterial baroreflex deficit. SAD, isolated aortic-denervated (AD) and isolated sinus-denervated (SD) rats were instrumented chronically to record blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), BP variability (BPV), HR variability (HRV), arterial baroreflex function control of heart period (ABR-HP) and BP (ABR-BP). The vascular maximum contractile/relaxant function was determined through cumulative venous injection of phenylephrine (SBP max ) and nitroprusside(DBP min ) both after ganglionic blokade. RESULTS Acute SAD(1 week after operation) caused hypertension and tachycardia in rats. Eighteen weeks after operation, BP and HR values in SAD and SD rats were not different from those in sham-operated rats, but AD rats were hypertensive compared with control group. Though the 24 h mean BP values of chronic (18 weeks after operation) SAD rats was not different from those in the sham-operated rats, 24 h BPV of SAD rats was significantly higher when compared with sham-operated rats. ABR function in the acute SAD rats was significantly decreased when compared with sham-operated rats, whereas in chronic SAD rats, both ABR-HP and ABR-BP were higher than those in acute SAD rats, but were still significantly lower than those in control groups. 18 weeks after operation, ABR function in SAD and AD rats were significantly decreased when compared with those in SD and control groups. SBP max after phenylephrine and DBP min after nitroprusside were significantly higher in SAD, AD and SD rats than in control group. ABR function was negatively correlated to DBP min ( r =-0.677 for ABR-HP, and r =-0.681 for ABR-BP; P

The inhibitory effects of cicletanine (Cic) and bepridil (Bep) on norepinephrine (NE)-and KCl-induced contractions were studied in isolated thoracic aorta rings of male Sprague-Dowley rats. It was found that Cic had a more potent effect on NE-induced contraction than on KCHnduced contraction. In. contrast, Bep had a more potent action on KCHnduced contraction. When the aorta rings were incubated with Cic and Bep, a potentialized inhibitory effect was observed on KCh but not NE-induced contractions. These effects were independent of the presence of endothelium. The results suggest that Cic and Bep have different action sites and properties on vascular smooth muscles.

The effects of tetrandrine and neferine on the phenylephrine-induced contractions were studied in Sprague-Dawley rat aortic rings. It was found that both tetrandrine and neferine ( 2?10-5 mol/L ) markedly inhibited phase I ( release of intracellular calcium) and phase II (entry of extracellular calcium) contractions after a 20 min incubation. After a shorter incubation period, tetrandrine and nefrine inhibited only the phase II contractions. Compared with tetrandrine, neferine exhibited slower and weaker effects