The low diversity and large inter-individual differences of children′s intestinal microbiota are associated with antibiotic-resistant bacteria colonization and infection. Therefore, rapid and accurate detection of intestinal microbiota dysbiosisis of great significance for the prevention and treatment of intestinal infection and the rational use of antibiotics. The current intestinal pathogens detection methods have either poor accuracy or low throughput. The developing multi-omics technology can accurately detect known and unknown pathogens and can also be used to evaluate the intestinal microbiota state comprehensively. This technology will be widely applied in the detection of intestinal infections in children.

OBJECTIVE:To establish drug safety performance indicator system in Beijing,and to provide reference for evaluat-ing work quality of administration department and drug market safety reasonably. METHODS:Through literature survey,expert brainstorming and maximum difference scaling,the indicators of drug safety performance evaluation system in Beijing were select-ed,and internet questionnaire survey was conducted among 20 regulators by using SSI Web software. The weight of each indicator was analyzed. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:4 factors of drug safety performance have been selected involving 27 indicators,ig. Results of drug sampling test(Oc)which reflect drug market safety directly;results of special drug sampling test(So)which mea-sure the quality of essential medicine;drug sampling operation standard (Na) which measure the completion of drug sampling by procedure or plan;rationality of drug sampling (Ra) which guarantee the rationality of sampling procedure and representativeness of sampled drugs. Finally,20 indicators are identified by experts. The weight of 4 factors are 21%,14%,40% and 25%,respec-tively. Established drug safety performance evaluation system can achieve quantitative check of drug supervision departments,and dispose several problems as rely on subjective factor greatly,lack of objective and uniform standard,only check the results. It pro-vides reference for the formulation of drug safety performance evaluation indicators in other provinces,cities and municipalities.

Objective:To investigate the Chinese anesthesiologist′s proficiency, training experience and needs of flexible bronchoscope-guided awake flexible bronchoscopy intubation (AFBI) using a questionnaire method.Methods:The cluster sampling was used, and self-designed questionnaires that addressed 54 questions in 5 categories were distributed through WeChat and online platforms. The survey took one month, and the answers were automatically recorded by the WeChat server.Results:A total of 1 250 anesthesiologists participated in the survey in 30 provinces of China, 9 of them were not anesthesiologists, and 1 241 (99.28%) questionnaires were validated. In the valid questionnaires, 52.70% (654) of the anesthesiologists were from tertiary hospitals, and 74.78% (928) of the anesthesiologists were attending physicians or above, only 7.57% (94) of the anesthesiologists had sufficient confidence in AFBI. Twenty-five point two two percent (313) of the anesthesiologists preferred fiberoptic intubation as the first tool when dealing with the anticipated difficult airway. Forty-eight point one one percent (597) of the anesthesiologists had implemented AFBI. Among them, 80.74% (482) had experienced unsuccessful AFBI practices. Eight hundred and ninety-four anesthesiologists had received AFBI training, and the most common AFBI training strategy was theoretical lectures. In addition, the degree of satisfaction regarding the theoretical lectures quality, technical training, clinical practice relativity and non-technical skills training was 21.47% (192), 14.32% (128), 12.3% (110) and 17.90% (160), respectively. The degree of satisfaction with all the 4 training elements mentioned above was 7.27% (65).Conclusions:The awareness and practice of Chinese anesthesiologists in terms of clinical application of AFBI to treat difficult airways need to be strengthened at present, and the lack of high-quality AFBI training may be the key.