Objective To investigate the role of surfactant protein (SP)-A and SP-D in urinary tract infection mouse model,and evaluate the effects of SP-A and SP-D absence on urinary tract infection.Methods SP-A and SP-D double knockout (SP-A/D KO) mice were made.SP-A/D KO and wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 female mice were used for this study.The expression of SP-A and SP-D in kidney was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC).The levels of p-p38 and p38 protein in kidneys were measured by Western blotting.Uropathogenic Escherichia coli or buffer was delivered into the bladder of female mice.At 24 and 48 h after inoculation,CFU of Escherichia coli in the kidney and urine of the treated and control mice were measured.Histological,cellular and molecular analysis were performed by several methods of H/E staining,IHC and Western blotting.The effects of SP-A and SP-D on bacterial growth were studied in vitro.Results SP-A and SP-D in kidney were located in the proximal tubules and collecting tubules.Compared with WT mice,infected SP-A/D KO mice with UPEC had higher CFU in kidneys and urine at 24 h and 48 h,increased inflammatory cells infiltration in kidneys (P＜0.05).Compared with WT mice,SP-A/D KO mice had higher p38 MAPK phosphorylation levels in kidneys (P ＜ 0.05).Growth of Escherichia coli was greatly inhibited by both SP-A and SP-D (P＜0.05).Conclusions Both SP-A and SP-D are expressed in kidney.SP-A and SP-D can attenuate UTI induced by UPEC which may be through inhibiting bacterial growth and modulating renal inflammation.

Objective To discuss the clinical value of interventional management before surgical therapy for massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage, and to compare the clinical efficacy and re-bleeding rate between hypophysin infusion group and embolization group. Methods During the period of June 1998-Apr.2009, 31 patients with massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage in our institution underwent preoperative interventional managements before they received surgical treatment. According to DSA manifestations, the patients underwent trunsarterial hypophysin infusion or transcatheter embolization as interventional management. The clinical efficacy of interventional procedures and its influence on the surgery were evaluated, and the hemostasis rate and re-bleeding rate were compared the two kind of intervention managements. The numeration data were analyzed with Fisher's exact test, and the SPSS 11.0 was used as statistical software. Results The interventional managements were successfully performed in all the 31patients, with a total hemostasis rate of 83.9% (26/31) and a total re-bleeding rate 30.7% (8/26). The hemostasis rate and re-bleeding rate of hypephysin infusion group and embolization group were 69.2% (9/13), 94.4% (17/18) and 44.4% (4/9), 23.7% (4/17), respectively. All the 31 patients received surgery after interventional therapy, of which selective operation was carried out in 20. Neither surgery-related or intervention-related serious complications nor death occurred. Conclusion Preoperative interventional managements can provide patients with massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage with valuable chance of a successful surgery, enable the physician to take a selective operation to replace an emergency one, as a result, the surgical risk will be greatly reduced. Therefore, it is worth popularizing the preoperative interventional managements in clinical practice.

AIMTo investigate the cellular uptake of monostearin solid lipid nanoparticles (MSLN) and the influence on the cellular uptake by MSLN modified with PEG2000 in human-type II cell alveolar epithelial cell line (A549) and murine macrophages cell line (J774A1).

METHODSMSLN were prepared by a novel solvent diffusion method. The particle size distribution and zeta potential of MSLN, measured by light scattering and electrophoretic mobility, were investigated. The cytotoxicity of MSLN and MTX-loaded MSLN in A549 cells were performed by the MTT method. Rhodamine B was incorporated into solid lipid nanoparticles as fluorescent marker, after PEG2000 integrating monostearin during preparation, the cellular uptake of MSLN by A549 and J774A1 cell lines were determined spectrofluorimetrically.

RESULTSThe IC50 of MSLN and MTX-loaded MSLN on A549 cells were 227.56 microg x mL(-1) and 71.37 microg x mL(-1), respectively. The percentage of cellular uptake showed a negative correlation to the concentration of MSLN in incubation medium and the internalization behaved rapidly. Contrary to situation in J774A1 cell line, internalization of solid lipid nanoparticles was promoted with increasing the content of PEG2000 incorporated into MSLN in A549 cell line.

CONCLUSIONAfter modifying MSLN with PEG2000, it represents relative lower phagocytosis by J774A1 cell line and higher uptake in A549 cell line.

Adenocarcinoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Drug Carriers ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Glycerides ; chemistry ; metabolism ; toxicity ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Macrophages ; cytology ; Mice ; Nanotechnology ; Particle Size ; Phagocytosis

In this study, researchers adopted the network analysis method to study Buyang Huanwu decoction at three levels, namely chemical ingredients, targets and diseases, and discovered the potential effect of Buyang Huanwu decoction in cancer treatment. Besides, they analyzed the "target-target" network of Buyang Huanwu decoction based on diseases, calculated four network indexes, namely node centrality, closeness centrality, betweenness centrality and eigenvector centrality for a comprehensive evaluation on the importance and significance of each target in the network. Afterwards, key targets of Buyang Huanwu decoction were excavated to obtain two important targets--COX-2 and PPAR-gamma, which may be important targets involved in the qi deficiency and blood stasis diseases. Meanwhile, the two targets were the basis to build the core network of "chemical component-target-disease" of Buyang Huanwu decoction, which provided reference for further studies on the effect of Buyang Huanwu decoction in treating qi deficiency and blood stasis diseases. According to the study, the network analysis method was helpful to excavate potential targets Buyang Huanwu decoction in treating qi deficiency and blood stasis diseases, and could provide methodological reference for revealing the mechanism of Buyang Huanwu decoction at multiple levels, with a guiding significance for interpreting mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicinal formulae and developing new drugs.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Hematologic Diseases ; drug therapy ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Qi ; Yang Deficiency ; drug therapy ; Yin Deficiency ; drug therapy

AIM: To prepare and identify mouse polyclonal antibody against protein Hlb, which is the variant of major subunit of human ASGPR. METHODS: Hlb specific peptide was synthesized and coupled with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) for immunization. Then H1b-KLH conjugation was injected into mouse subcutaneously to produce polyclonal antibody. ELISA assay was used to detect the titer of the antibody. Antibody was also identified by Western blot and immunohistochemistry assays. RESULTS: Mouse antibody against Hlb was prepared after injection of H1bKLH conjugation. The titer of H1b antibody was about 1:10~5.Western blot confirmed its high specificity. This antibody could also be used for immunohistochemistry analysis. CONCLUSION: The successful preparation of the polyclonal antibody against protein H1b, which can discriminate the two variants of the major subunit of ASGPR with high specificity, will provide an efficient reagent for further study of the physiologic functions of H1b and its role in the pathogenesis of human disease.

Objective This study was aimed to investigate the relationship between serum leptin,adiponectin,visfatin levels and obesity and essential hypertension in female subjects.Methods According to BMI and blood pressure,206 female participants enrolled were divided into four groups:group 1:obesity and hypertension (48 cases);group 2:non-obesity but hypertension (48 cases);group 3:obesity and normotension (56 cases) and group 4:normal BMI and blood pressure (54 cases).Serum leptin,adiponectin and visfatin levels were detected and their relationships to BMI,blood pressure and waist circumference were analysed.Results Serum leptin levels were significantly higher in non-obese groups [group 2:(4.47 ±1.26) ng/L,group 4:(3.73-±1.18)ng/L] than in obese groups [group 1:(2.97 ± 1.46) ng/L,group 3:(3.02 ± 1.18) ng/L],and higher in hypertension groups than in normotension groups.Serum adiponectin levels were obviously higher in group 4 [38.99 (19.75,103.71) μg/L] than in the other three groups.There were no significant differences in adiponectin levels among group 1,2 and 3.Serum levels of visfatin were lower in normotension groups [group 3:3.19 (0.96,9.45) ng/L;group 4:3.23 (1.92,4.64) ng/L] than in hypertension groups [group 1:3.84 (3.40,5.35) ng/L;group 2:3.75 (1.63,6.67) ng/L] irrespective of obesity.Logistics regression analysis showed that there was 1.6％,8.3％,or 5.45％ increased risk for hypertension for each 1 μg/L decrease in adiponectin,1 cm increase in waist circumference,or 1 μg/L increase in visfatin level in obesity,respectively.No relationship could be viewed between leptin and hypertension.Conclusions Adiponectin and visfatin levels were correlated with obesity and blood pressure in females.Both adipokines may play a crucial role in the development of hypertension in female obesity.

Objective:To establish the model of rats with UC by 2,4,6 trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid ( TNBS)/ethanol to understand the changes of IL-17,IL-23,TGF-β1,IFN-γin pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC) and the impacts of mesalazine,mont-morillonite powder and clostridium on that.Methods:85 rats were divided randomly into 6 groups including the model ,mesalazine, montmorillonite,clostridium,mesalazine combined with montmorillonite powder group (15 rats per group ) and an additional control group of 10 normal rats.TNBS/ethanol was used to establish the model of rats with UC.The dosage of model, mesalazine, montmorillonite powder ,clostridium and mesalazine combined with montmorillonite powder were converted by surface area of rat and given to the rats by gastric-tube daily.All rats were executed at the 12th day of the molding and treatment ,and the blood and colon samples were collected.The content of IL-17,IL-23,TGF-β1,IFN-γwas measured in the blood by the ELISA method.The different changes of the four cytokines were compared separately.Results: ( 1 ) TNBS/ethanol was used to establish the model of rats with UC.The obvious inflammation can be observed on distal colon of rats by pathologic sections of HE stained .(2) The levels of plasma IL-17,IL-23 and IFN-γin the model,mesalazine,montmorillonite,clostridium and mesalazine combined with montmorillonite powder group were higher than ones in the control gruop (P<0.05),meanwhile,the levels of plasma TGF-β1 are lower (P<0.05).3.Comparing with the model group,the levels of plasma IL-17,IL-23 and IFN-γin the mesalazine,montmorillonite,clostridium and mesalazine combined with montmorillonite powder group were lower , and the levels of TGF-β1 were higer.The differences have statistic significative ( P<0.05).(4)Comparing the efficacy of treatment among mesalazine ,montmorillonite powder,clostridium and mesalazine combined with montmorillonite powder ,mesalazine and mesalazine combined with montmorillonite powder gets the best results ( P<0.05 ).The efficacy between montmorillonite powder and clostridium is similar.Conclusion:(1) TNBS/ethanol can be used to establish the model of rats with UC and can be successfully approved by the measurement of symptoms and pathologic investigation .(2)The IL-17,IL-23 and IFN-γare very active higher in the blood of rats with experimental ulcerative colitis induced by TNBS /ethanol, and have a positive correlation with inflammation.The TGF-β1 is in decrease in the blood of rats with colitis , and has a Negative Correlation with inflammation.(3)Mesalazine,montmorillonite powder,clostridium and mesalazine combined with montmorillonite powder may renovate the damage of inflammatory tissues of rats with experimental ulcerative colitis , and relieve the symptom of inflammation by reducing exudation of proinflammatory cytokines IL-17, IL-23 and immune regulatory cytokines IFN-γby producing the exudation of proinflammatory cytokines TGF-β1 to be good for recovery of UC.

Objective To improve the conventional method of quantitative assessment of regional cerebral blood flows(rCBF)by a perfusion CT study based on maximal slope model at the general infusion rate(

Objective:To explore the clinico-pathological characteristics and risk factors affecting prognosis in elderly patients with gastric cancer.Methods:A retrospective study was used to retrospectively analyze 2386 patients with gastric cancer undergoing radical surgery in Surgery Department of the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University from 1 January 2012 to 1 January 2015.Patients aged 70 years and older were screened so as to analyze clinical characteristics and influencing factors for the prognosis.Results:A total of 2386 patients with gastric cancer were divided into the elderly group aged 70 years and older(342 of 2386 cases, 14.3%). There were statistically significant differences between the two groups in gender, number of concomitant diseases, NRS2002 score, PG-SGA score, tumor location, tumor diameter, histological type, Borrmann classification, tumor invasion depth staging(pT), lymph node metastasis staging(pN), the anatomic extent of tumor staging(TNM, pTNM), and Lauren classifications( P<0.05). The 981 of 2386 cases(41.4%)had postoperative complications, accompanied by 413 cases(17.3%)of surgery-related complications and 568 cases(24.0%)of non-surgery-related complications.A multivariate logistic analysis showed that the number of preoperative co-existing diseases ≥ 2 was an independent influencing factor for postoperative complications in elderly gastric cancer patients( HR=4.478, 95% CI: 1.121-7.918, P=0.006). The 5-year OS and DSS was 21.10% and 62.73% in the ≥70 years gastric cancer group, and was 54.1% and 70.0% in the <70 years gastric cancer group, respectively.The difference in the 5-year OS between the two groups was statistically significant( P<0.05), while the difference in the 5-year DSS between the two groups was not statistically significant( P>0.05). Multivariate analysis by the Cox proportional hazard model showed that the independent risk factors for the prognosis of elderly patients with gastric cancer included the low-undifferentiated histological type of the tumor( P=0.004), the depth of tumor invasion pT stage of pT4a-pT4b( P=0.007), lymph node metastasis( P=0.034), tumor pTNM stage ⅢA-ⅢC( P=0.002)and vascular tumor thrombus( P=0.034). Conclusions:Elderly patients with gastric cancer have many preoperative co-existing diseases, which increases the risk of postoperative non-surgical complications.Therefore, we should focus on the peri-operative management of their comorbid diseases so as to improve the safety and efficacy of surgery.The advanced age is not the independent risk factors for the prognosis.

OBJECTIVESTo explore the effect of acute smoking on vascular endothelial function, arterial stiffness and the possible underlying mechanisms.

METHODSWe measured the endothelial function and arterial stiffness in 50 healthy chronic smokers before and after acute smoking with EndoPAT2000. The test was carried out on two separate finger tips. The endothelial function was evaluated by PAT ratio of the finger tip and systemic arterial stiffness was evaluated by augmentation index (AI). Plasma soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) before and 20 min after acute smoking were measured with enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay.

RESULTSThe PAT ratio was decreased (1.87 ± 0.40 vs. 1.73 ± 0.28, P = 0.004) while AI was significantly increased after acute smoking (2.94% ± 21.77% vs. 7.11% ± 20.65%, P = 0.01). There was no significant changes in sICAM [(306.5 ± 76.1) µg/L vs. (315.7 ± 90.9) µg/L, P = 0.402], but tPA [7.87 (5.41 - 10.08) µg/L vs. 5.77 (3.77 - 9.68) µg/L, P < 0.01] was significantly decreased after smoking.

CONCLUSIONSSmoking could acutely affect endothelia function, arterial stiffness and deteriorate the activity of fibrinolytic system which could lead to coronary thrombosis in smokers.

Adult ; Arteries ; physiopathology ; Elasticity ; Endothelium ; metabolism ; Endothelium, Vascular ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Smoking ; adverse effects ; Tissue Plasminogen Activator ; blood ; Vascular Resistance