Objective To study the primiparas' sexual problems after delivery and the effect of in-dividualized nursing interventions on improvement of these problems in order to provide theoretic base-ment for sexual health education after delivery. Methods 248 primiparas after delivery in women's hos-pital were randomly divided into the intervention group and the control group with 124 cases in each group. All of them received self- designed questionnaires about sexual problems one year before pregnancy. The primiparas in two groups all receives routine care. Besides, the intervention group was given sexual health manual and received one-to-one individualized nursing intervention on sexual life after delivery according to their own conditions. The two groups were all received countercheck during 4 to 6 months after delivery and the results underwent X2 test. Results There was no significant difference between the sexual prob-lems one year before pregnancy for the two groups. But when calling back during 4 to 6 months after deliv-ery, compared with the control group, the intervention group had less sexual problems. Conclusions It is necessary to strengthen sexual health education in order to improve the sexual problems after delivery. Indi-vidualized nursing interventions can not only fulfill the sexual health demands of different primiparas after delivery, but also guarantee the women's privacy and safety.

AIM: To evaluate posterior capsular opacification (PCO) with hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lens (IOL, Sensar AR40e) and silicone IOLs after cataract surgery, to use a software program developed to provide an objective assessment of the amount of PCO in the digital images of the posterior capsule to quantify PCO. METHODS: Ninety-eight eyes underwent standardized phacoemulsification and "in the bag" IOL placement, were randomized to receive a three piece lens of hydrophobic acrylic or silicone, but lens materials were different in one case. In year 1 and 2, digitized retro-illumination images were taken from the posterior capsule. Images were analyzed by POCO software program, removing the Purkinje light reflexes, contrast enhancement, filtering to enhance low-density PCO. RESULTS: The percentage of PCO were 0.32±0.13 of hydrophobic acrylic IOLs in year 1, compared with 0.39±0.17 of silicone (P=0.37). In year 2, the percentage of PCO were 0.42±0.20 with hydrophobic acrylic IOLs and 0.34±0.18 with silicone IOLs (P=0.50). Of those patients with PCO in year 1 and 2, severity grades were 0.50±0.30 and 0.82±0.58 of hydrophobic acrylic cases, compared with 0.63±0.35 and 0.55±0.35 of patients with silicone IOLs (P=0.52,P=0.69) with no statistical significance.CONCLUSION: The POCO system is capable of producing an objective and repeatable measure of PCO that is relevant to assessing techniques of PCO prevention.

Objective To determine the effect of Vibrio vulnificus cytolysin (VVC) inducing ap-optosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cell(HUVEC) and its possible mechanism. Methods The en-tire vvhA gene that encoding VVC from V. vulnificus strain GTC333 was amplified by PCR and sequenced af-ter T-A cloning. E. coli BL21DE3pET-42a-vvhA, a prokaryotic expression system of the vvhA gene, was then con-structed. Ni-NTA affinity chromatography was applied to purify the target recombinant protein rVVC, and SDS-PAGE plus Bio-Rad Agarose Image Analyzor were used to measure the output of rVVC and to determine the purity of rVVC extract. The activity of rVVC dissolving rabbit erythrocytes was detected by hemolysis test. DPNH chromotometry and TphBNa chromotometry were performed to examine the contents of LDH and K+ in the supernatants of rVVC-treated HUVEC cultures, respectively. The effect of rVVC inducing apepto-sis of HUVEC was detected by flow cytometry, rVVC was labeled with FITC and the location of FITC-labe-ling rVVC in HUVEC was observed by laser canfocal microscopy. Results The cloned whA gene had 96.09% and 98.26% similarities of nucleotide and amino acid sequences compared to the corresponding se-quences in GenBank. rVVC, with a dosage of 1 μg/ml, could dissolve rabbit erythrocytes (P<0.01). 10 μg/ml rVVC was able to promote the increases of K+ content (P<0.01) but no change of LDH content could be found in the cell supernatants. HUVEC was apoptotic after the cell was treated with 1～100 μg/ml of rVVC for 2 h. In the 5～240 min duration of co-incubation of FITC-labeling rVVC and HUVEC, the rV-VC gradually moved from surface to inner side of the membrane and then entered the cytoplasms. When FITC-labeling rVVC treated HUVEC for 30 min, most of the rVVC was found to be intracellular location. Conclusion rVVC has cytolytic activity. VVC has an ability to enter HUVEC and causes injury of HUVEC via inducing apoptosis, which may be the major pathogenic mechanism of VVC.

BACKGROUND:Monofocal intraocular lens can restore distant vision of cataract patients, butit is not suitable fornear vision recovery, so most ofpatientsstil need to wear glasses. In contrast, multifocal intraocular lens can make up for the shortcomings of the single lenstoim provenear vision and increase the rate oftaking off the spectacles.
OBJECTIVE:To compare the visual function of senile cataract patients after aspheric multifocal and monofocal intraocular lens implantation.
METHODS:Totaly 30 senile cataract patients with 50 affected eyes were randomly divided into two groups: the eyes were implanted with aspheric multifocal and monofocal intraocular lens as experimental group and control group, respectively. At 3 months after implantation, distance visual acuity at a distance of 5 m, the best corrected distance visual acuity,as wel asnear and intermediate visual acuity at a distance of 30, 60 and 100 cm were detected, respectively. Besides, contrast sensitivity at a spatial frequency of 0.8, 1.5, 6 and 18 cpd under light and dark environment was measured.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:At 3 months after implantation, the distance visual acuity at a distance of 5 m in the two groups was significantly better than that before surgery (P< 0.05); no significant differences were found in near and intermediate visual acuitiesat a distance of 5 m and 100 cm between two groups, but the near visual acuitiesat a distance of 30 and 60 cm in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P< 0.05). In addition, the contrast sensitivity at different spatial frequencies under light environment had no significant differences between two groups; and compared with the control group, contrast sensitivity at the frequency of 6 cpd under dark environment was significantly decreased in the experimental group (P< 0.05), but no significant differences were found in the other spatial frequencies. These results show that aspheric multifocal intraocular lens can significantly improve the near and intermediate visual acuity of senile cataract patients compared with the monofocal lens.

Objective To analyze the dynamic trends of physical development,constitutional fitness,and prevalence of obesity among Han children and adolescents in Ningxia aged 7-18 years from 1985 to 2010.Methods Data were collected from the National Survey on Students Constitution and Health in 1985,1991,1995,2000,2005 and 2010,respectively.Height,weight and chest circumference were used to evaluate physical development,vital capacity,50-meter running and vital capacity versus weight ratio for the evaluation of constitutional fitness.Results 1.Weight and chest circumference increased faster than height.The average annual increase of weight among the urban girls was significantly faster than those in rural areas.2.The tempo per year of vital capacity in both boys and girls decreased during 25 years,especially after 2005.The rural students had a faster tempo than those in the urban students,and the rate in boys was higher than those in girls.Vital capacity to weight ratio in boys decreased from 2005 much more than before,and had a decreasing trend in each age group except for a few groups in girls.There was a decrease in the mean time of 50-meter running in both boys and girls from 1985 to 2005,whereas the decrease became slow during 1995-2005.The prolonged trend in 50-meter-run time existed during 2005-2010.The average prolonged speeds per decade in boys and urban students was higher than that in girls and rural areas.3.From 1985 to 2010 year,the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity among boys and girls was 15.0％,25.0％ and 28.1％,12.4％,respectively.The average increasing rate was much higher in the obese than in the over-weighted children,and there were more in boys than in girls.There was a similar positive trend of increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity with the increased gross domestic product.Conclusions The physical growth and development among students in Ningxia increased rapidly,along with the descending trend of average annual rate of physical fitness as well as the rising trend of prevalence obesity.Some measures should be taken by the government to tackle with the situation,and the healthy intervention should be applied to the high risk population.

Vasohibin-1 (VASH1),which is induced in response to angiogenic stimuli such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2,has recently been isolated as a novel negative feedback inhibitor of angiogenesis.Several studies have demonstrated that VASH1 plays important roles in the development of various tumors and it would potentially be a biomarker and a candidate for molecular targeted therapy for patients with cancer in the future.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Meninges ; pathology ; Sarcoma ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Scalp ; pathology ; Skin Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Skull ; pathology

Heart ; physiology ; Humans ; Stress, Physiological

Objective To investigate the effect of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype on antiviral therapy in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/HCV coinfection in Henan province.Methods A total of 129 patients were coinfected with HIV and HCV, among whom, 70 were HCV 1b genotype and 57 HCV 2a genotype.And 131 patients were HIV single infection.Immunological failure rate, virological suppression, CD4+ T lymphocyte counts and liver and renal function after antiretroviral therapy (ART) were compared among the three groups.Flow cytometry was used to count CD4+ T lymphocytes and polymerase chain reaction amplification was used to detect HIV RNA.The liver and renal function were tested by automatic biochemical analysis.Statistical analysis was conducted by χ2 test, analysis of variance and LSD-t method.ResultsImmunological failure rate in HCV 1b group, HCV 2a group and HIV single infection group were 7.14% (5/70), 15.79% (9/57) and 9.92% (13/131), respectively.There was no significant statistical difference among the three groups (χ2=2.59, P>0.05).The CD4+ T lymphocyte counts in three groups were (614±258), (529±245), and (518±243) cells/μL, respectively.The difference was statistically significant (F=3.17, P<0.05).The virus inhibition rates of three groups were 87.0% (HCV 1b), 78.2% (HCV 2a), and 82.3% (HIV single infection).The HIV virus failure rates were 8.6% (HCV 1b), 14.5% (HCV 2a), and 13.1% (HIV single infection).There was no significant difference among three groups (χ2=1.967, P>0.05).The levels of aspartate transaminase, alanine aminotransferase and total bilirubin in HCV 1b group and HCV 2a group were all significantly higher than those in HIV single infection group (F=27.38, 15.22 and 7.33, respectively, all P<0.05), while there was no significant difference between HCV 1b and HCV 2a groups (t=1.27, 0.29 and 1.59, respectively, all P>0.05).Conclusions The main HCV genotypes in patients with HIV/HCV coinfection by blood transmission are HCV 1b and HCV 2a in Henan province.HIV/HCV coinfection does not affect the effect of ART, but could aggravate the liver damage in acquired immune deficiency syndrome patients.

Objectives To investigate the pathophysiologic mechanisms and the clinical character- istics and variations of nutcracker esophagus(NE).Methods Clinical data obtained from 22 patients with NE were retrospectively analyzed.Seven followed-up patients had esophageal motility,multi-channel electrogastrography(MEGG),the autonomic nervous system(ANS) and psychology tests and were com- pared to 10 healthy subjects(HS).Results①In NE group,12 patients had reflux symptom(55%),7 patients had chest pain(32%)and 3 patients had dysphagia(13%).There was no statistical difference in mean contraction amplitude(MCA) between patients with reflux symptom and chest pain.②Eight out of the 13 patients with NE who received 24 h pH monitoring were positive reflux,and 4 out of 17 patients had reflux esophagitis in endoscopic examinations.The symptoms were improved in 58%patients(7/12) by regular acid-suppression therapies.③There was no statistical difference beween NE and HS groups in dominant frequency and power of MEGG.However,the percentages of normal rhythm in preprandial and slow wave coupling in pre and postprandial of NE patients were significantly decreased than those in HS.④The ANS function in NE group had no statistical difference compared to those in HS.⑤In follow- up group,no difference was found before and after nitroglycerin sublingually.Four patients had depres- sion.Conclusions The clinical presentations of NE are vary.The symptoms of NE were poorly correla- ted with MCA,but partially correlated with GER,which may represent a special subtype of GERD. Gastric dysmotility and psychological factors might contribute to the pathogenesis of NE.