Objective To compare the drug concentration difference of voriconazole in mice serum and lung tissue by voriconazole atomization inhalation or intravenous injection , to supply the evidence for the vori-conazole atomization inhalation.Methods Mice were given voriconazole by atomization inhalation ( treatment group ) or intravenous injection ( con-trol group.The serum and lung tissue were collected before voriconazole administration and after 30 minutes on the forth day , seventh day and tenth day , then assay the voriconazole concentration of serum and lung tissue.The liver and renal index were also assayed .Results In the treatment group , the peak concentration and the trough concentration in lung tissue were higher than the serum concentration . In the control group, the peak concentration in serum was higher.Meanwhile, the trough concentration decreased evidently .The serum concentration was higher than the lung tissue concentration .The peak concentration in lung tissue was lower in treatment group than in the control group .But the trough concentration was higer in treatment group than in the control group after 7, 10 days administration.The mice in control group had an elavatin of serum alanine transaminase after 7 days administration.Conclusion The voriconazole concentration in ser-um was low and the drug concentration in mice lung tissue last longer by voriconazole atomization inhalation .Voricon-azole atomization inhalation had less influence on the liverfunction .

Objective To observe therapeutic effect of colon purification on hepatic encephalopathy. Methods 117 patients with hepatic encephalopathy treated in our hospital were randomly divided into the treatment-group (59 cases) and the control group (58 cases). Routine anti-coma hepaticum treatments were carried out in both treatment and control groups, and colon purification treatment was performed in the treatment group on basis of routine anti-coma hepaticum. The changes in symptoms and signs were observed, the grading scores of hepatic encephalopathy were evaluated, liver function was tested and blood ammonia level was determined before and after treatment in the two groups. Time for regaining consciousness was recorded after treatment in the two groups. Results The symptoms and signs were obviously improved, time for regaining consciousness was shortened, the grading scores decreased, and serum aminotransferase activity and bilirubin level and blood ammonia level significantly decreased in the treatment group as compared with those of the control group. Total effective rate in the treatment was significantly higher than that in the control group and death rate in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group. Conclusion Colon purification treatment is effective for hepatic encephalopathy due to cirrhosis.

BACKGROUNDData on the epidemiology of hypertension in Chinese non-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients are limited. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in the non-dialysis CKD patients through a nationwide, multicenter study in China.

METHODSThe survey was performed in 61 tertiary hospitals in 31 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions in China (except Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan). Trained physicians collected demographic and clinical data and measured blood pressure (BP) using a standardized protocol. Hypertension was defined as systolic BP ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg, and/or use of antihypertensive medications. BP < 140/90 mmHg and < 130/80 mmHg were used as the 2 thresholds of hypertension control. In multivariate logistic regression with adjustment for sex and age, we analyzed the association between CKD stages and uncontrolled hypertension in non-dialysis CKD patients.

RESULTSThe analysis included 8927 non-dialysis CKD patients. The prevalence, awareness, and treatment of hypertension in non-dialysis CKD patients were 67.3%, 85.8%, and 81.0%, respectively. Of hypertensive CKD patients, 33.1% and 14.1% had controlled BP to < 140/90 mmHg and < 130/80 mmHg, respectively. With successive CKD stages, the prevalence of hypertension in non-dialysis CKD patients increased, but the control of hypertension decreased (P < 0.001). When the threshold of BP < 130/80 mmHg was considered, the risk of uncontrolled hypertension in CKD 2, 3a, 3b, 4, and 5 stages increased 1.3, 1.4, 1.4, 2.5, and 4.0 times compared with CKD 1 stage, respectively (P < 0.05). Using the threshold of < 140/90 mmHg, the risk of uncontrolled hypertension increased in advanced stages (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe prevalence of hypertension Chinese non-dialysis CKD patients was high, and the hypertension control was suboptimal. With successive CKD stages, the risk of uncontrolled hypertension increased.

Adult ; Aged ; Awareness ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; complications ; epidemiology ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ; complications